Growth of autopilot computing power

1.

CristianoAmon, President of Qualcomm Corp, at the press conference of SnapdragonRide, shows a combination of SoC, accelerator and automatic driving software stack, showing SnapdragonRide (Graphic source CNET/James Martin)

SnapdragonRide, which provides an extensible solution for automobile manufacturers, which can provide support for self driving vehicles in three sub fields, namely

1, L1 / L2 active safety ADAS -- for vehicles with automatic emergency braking, traffic sign recognition and lane keeping assistance

2, L2 + ADAS -- for vehicles that can drive automatically on expressways, support self-service parking, and drive in urban traffic with frequent parking

3, L4 / L5 fully automatic driving -- for automatic driving, unmanned taxi and robot logistics in urban traffic environment

snapdragonride platform is based on a series of different snapdragon SOC and accelerators. It adopts scalable and molar high-performance heterogeneous multi-core CPU, energy-efficient AI and computer vision engine, and GPU

among them, adassoc series and accelerator series adopt heterogeneous computing. At the same time, using the new generation of artificial intelligence engine of Qualcomm, ADAS and SOC can efficiently manage a large amount of data of on-board system

thanks to the combination of these different SOC and accelerators, snapdragonride platform can be equipped according to the needs of different segments of autonomous driving market, and provide good heat dissipation efficiency, from 30tops level equipment for L1 / L2 level applications to 130W power consumption equipment for L4 / L5 level driving with more than 700tops

in addition, the new snapdragonride autopilot software stack is a molar and scalable solution integrated into the snapdragonride platform

according to the introction, the software framework of snapdragonride platform can host customer specific software stack components and snapdragonride autopilot software stack components at the same time

snapdragonride platform also supports passive or air-cooled cooling design, so it can further optimize vehicle design and improve reliability while recing cost

now, arm, blackberry QNX, Infineon, Xinsi technology, elektrobit, and Anson semiconctor have joined the auto driving circle of friends of Qualcomm and become the software / hardware suppliers of snapdragonride auto driving platform

the functional security solutions of arm, the automotive designware interface IP, arc processor IP and starmemory SystemTM of Xinsi technology, the OS Security version and hypervisor Security version of BlackBerry QNX, the aurixtm microcontroller of Infineon, and the ADAS series sensors of Anson semiconctor will be integrated into the automatic driving platform of Qualcomm

elektrobit also plans to cooperate with Qualcomm to jointly develop a new generation AUTOSAR architecture that can be proced on a large scale. Ebcorbos software and snapdragonride autopilot platform will be integrated on this architecture

it is understood that snapdragonride will be delivered to automobile manufacturers and first tier suppliers for preliminary development in the first half of 2020, and according to the estimation of qcomm technologies, the vehicles equipped with snapdragonride will be put into proction in 2023

Second, we have been deeply engaged in the automotive business for many years. Before the release of snapdragonride, we have been deeply engaged in the field of intelligent vehicles for many years

for more than a decade, Qualcomm technologies, a subsidiary of Qualcomm, has been providing advanced wireless communication solutions for GM's connected vehicle applications, including the security applications supported by the Android devices on GM

in the fields of on-board information processing, information audio-visual and in car Internet, the total value of orders of qcomm technologies has exceeded 7 billion US dollars (about 48.7 billion yuan)

according to the information released by Qualcomm at the ces2020 press conference, so far, more than one million vehicles have used the automotive solutions provided by Qualcomm

it is obvious that today, the layout of Qualcomm in the automotive field has taken another step forward

ring ces2020, in addition to snapdragonride, Qualcomm also launched a new car to cloud service, which is expected to be available in the second half of 2020

according to the introction, the car to cloud service built by Qualcomm technologies supports the soft upgrade capability of softsku chip specifications, which can not only help automobile customers meet the changing needs of consumers, but also enable chipsets to be upgraded in the field to support new functions according to new performance requirements or new features

at the same time, softsku also supports customers to develop common hardware, so as to save their special investment for different development projects. By using the cloud softsku of Qualcomm, automobile manufacturers can not only provide a variety of customized services for consumers, but also create rich and immersive in car experience through personalized features

in addition, the car to cloud service of Qualcomm also supports the global cellular connection function, which can be used to guide the initialization service and provide wireless communication connection throughout the life cycle of the car

According to nakul ggal, senior vice president of proct management of Qualcomm technologies, combined with snapdragon's 4G and 5g platforms and snapdragon's digital cockpit platform, Qualcomm's car to cloud service can help automobile manufacturers and first tier suppliers meet the new expectations of contemporary car owners, including flexible and continuous technology upgrading and continuous exploration of new functions throughout the whole automobile life cycle

in addition, Qualcomm technologies also announced on ces2020 that it will continue to deepen its cooperation with general motors. As a long-term partner, GM will support digital cockpit, on-board information processing and ADAS (advanced driving assistance system) through continuous cooperation with Qualcomm technologies

conclusion: Giants raging like a storm in the field of automatic driving, HUAWEI has said before it wants to build intelligent core sensors for automobile, such as lidar and millimeter wave radar. After that, Arm led the establishment of the automatic driving Computing Alliance. Now the mobile chip giant Qualcomm has released a new automatic driving platform, and has made further progress in the field of automobile and automatic driving. <

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game player is concive to the faster and better landing of autopilot cars, but on the other hand, as more hardcore players expand their business boundaries, competition in the market will become more intense. p>

this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home

2.

About

} are black sesame CEO and coo Liu Weihong

black sesame CEO. Previously, he was a member of the founding team of omnivision, a global vision chip leader. He has worked in Silicon Valley chip instry for more than 20 years and has rich experience and technology accumulation in image processing chip and software algorithm

CTO Qi Zheng is the main design member of Intel Pentium II chip, CSO Zeng Daibing is the chief engineer of ZTE microelectronics, and coo Liu Weihong was the president of chassis and control system division of Bosch China ADAS

because of its strong R & D team, heima, a start-up company, can make the ADAS chip huashan-1 A500 within three years and launch it in mass proction. This year, it will launch huashan-2 a1000 chip and launch the fad automatic driving platform

since the beginning of this year, if new cars are not equipped with L1 / L2 automatic driving, they are "embarrassed to sell", the popularity of automatic driving is rapidly increasing, and the higher level of L3 or even L4 automatic driving is on the eve of mass proction, and the demand for automatic driving chips and computing platform solutions in the instry is explosive growth. The market scale of autopilot chips alone is expected to reach trillion US dollars, becoming the largest single market in the semiconctor instry

Therefore, it is right time for fad to enter the automatic driving market

in August this year, FAW Intelligent Network Development Institute reached a technical cooperation agreement with heima. FAW Intelligent Network Development Institute will start the development of intelligent driving platform based on huashan-2 a1000 to meet the demand of subsequent mass proction models. The two sides will jointly promote the application of artificial intelligence technology in the automotive instry and accelerate the instrialization of domestic intelligent driving chips

in addition, heima has signed a number of fad fixed-point models, and it is expected that there will be models equipped with fad automatic driving platform on the market next year. In addition, many enterprises at home and abroad have begun to test fad automatic driving platform, and the test vehicles have been on the road

the great success of black sesame in automatic driving chip and domain controller makes instry research institutions begin to pay attention to this start-up company which has just been established for more than four years. In April this year, cbinsights, one of the strongest think tanks in Silicon Valley, released the list of Chinese chip design enterprises. Black sesame was listed in the field of vehicle chip, becoming one of the top 65 Chinese chip design enterprises

in July this year, black sesame Huashan No.2 a1000 chip also appeared in the world artificial intelligence conference, together with pingtouge, Yitu, Cambrian and other high-end artificial intelligence chips

it can be said that after more than four years of development, black sesame has become the world's leading autopilot chip design company, and even has the ability to compete with the eldest brother in the chip instry. At the same time, the rapid progress of black sesame also promotes the domestic automatic driving chip design to a new level

in the conversation with the two founders, they also revealed a colorful egg. Next year, hei mahjong will release a chip with stronger performance. At that time, the highest computing power of fad automatic driving platform equipped with this chip is expected to exceed 1000tops, and its computing power can be fully automatic driving

this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home

3. Blockchain in the LED instry

4.

Yesterday, Xiaopeng P7, the latest flagship model of Xiaopeng automobile, launched a cloud release in station B. the biggest feeling of the whole press conference for Xiaobian is: how long has it been

Not only that, Xiaopeng P7 has B-pillar side impact enhancement, xfreebreak intelligent air purification system, independent information security mole PSO and 360 ° Real time perception, active security early warning system and other security protection functions can protect the health of consumers in an all-round way

in other security configurations, such as FCW forward collision warning, BSD blind area monitoring warning, Dow door opening warning, RCW backward collision warning, and rcta rear lateral incoming vehicle warning, Xiaopeng P7 is also equipped (Intelligent version), and its safety performance is beyond doubt

to sum up:

when Tesla announced its domestic proction, many consumers worried about the brand of independent new forces, believing that their living space would be extremely reced under the pressure of Tesla, which also reflected consumers' distrust of new forces. But now the birth of Xiaopeng P7 is a good name for the new force. Who said that only Tesla has pure electric vehicles

this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home

5.

It's not an exaggeration to regard this year as an acceleration year for autonomous driving. This can be seen from the consumer electronics show in Las Vegas. This year, the scale of enterprises related to automobile technology is the largest. Compared with previous years, the number of exhibitors increased by 19%, and the area of auto technology exhibition area also increased by nearly 25%. Almost all of the more than 500 enterprises from all over the world are related to automatic driving. These enterprises can be divided into technology companies, chip manufacturers, old car companies, traditional suppliers, new car companies and start-ups

the collective efforts of China's new car manufacturers have also added more highlights to the consumer electronics exhibition. Auto driving technology has been set as standard on new energy models such as batem pure electric concept car and Xiaopeng car. Although the final on road and mass proction time is not synchronized, intelligent interaction and automatic driving will undoubtedly become the necessary skills of domestic new cars

in a word, this year's automatic driving technology will show several obvious characteristics: the deployment time comes ahead of time, from concept to practice, the Internet platform mode becomes more and more obvious, and the technology landing starts from the laboratory and graally moves towards commercialization

6.

At present, the driverless level formulated by SAE is generally adopted in China, which is divided into six stages: l0 without automation, L1 driving assistance, L2 partial automatic driving, L3 conditional automatic driving, L4 highly automatic driving and L5 fully automatic driving. The first three are human driving and the last three are autonomous driving

most domestic car companies such as Geely and Chang'an have achieved L2 level automatic driving, and some car companies have claimed to achieve l2.5 level automatic driving, such as Xiaopeng G3

what is the current level of mass-proced cars? The answer is L3, which represents the fourth generation Audi A8

Xiaopeng P7, which will be launched in China this year, claims to be able to reach the level of L3 automatic driving

Judging from the current development trend of various technologies, the L4 automatic driving model which can realize mass proction at the earliest is expected to be realized around 2022, while the L5 automatic driving model will be realized after 2025

7.

With the continuous development of information technology, the intensive introction of national policies to support automatic driving, the growing maturity of key technologies, and consumers' open attitude towards automatic driving technology, automatic driving technology will usher in an outbreak in 2020 Song Xinyu said that according to the different degree of human control over the vehicle, SAE of the American Society of Automotive Engineers has defined a five level automatic driving scheme: before L3, the observers of the environment are all people, and entering L3 means that the observation and driving operation of the road environment are completed by the system, and people only need to respond to all system requests

of course, before the landing of these so-called L3 level automatic driving models, all the publicity is not worth taking as evidence, and L3 level automatic driving is far from the real automatic driving (L4, L5 level). In fact, the most fierce competition in the field of automatic driving is not only vehicle manufacturers
overseas, Google, Uber and LYFT are the leading technology giants in the field of automatic driving, while in China, the network first launched the Apollo program, which aims to build an open automatic driving platform that can be integrated into the hardware platforms of various brands; Subsequently, the other two Internet giants Alibaba and Tencent also joined the competition of automatic driving one after another
both waymo, Google's autonomous driving company, and Uber's automatic driving test range have started testing on the road in the United States. The European Commission has also said that it hopes to enter a society with fully automatic driving as the standard in 2030 and "make Europe a world leader in the field of fully automatic driving"
however, China has not lagged behind. At present, China has opened up Shanghai National Intelligent networked vehicle demonstration zone, Liaoning Panjin Beiqi driverless experience project, Beijing Hebei intelligent vehicle and intelligent transportation instry innovation demonstration zone, Zhejiang 5g Internet of vehicles application demonstration zone, Chongqing intelligent vehicle and intelligent transportation application demonstration zone, Wuhan intelligent networked vehicle demonstration zone Jilin intelligent vehicle and intelligent transportation application demonstration base, Shenzhen driverless demonstration area and other driverless test sites, including network, Tencent, SAIC, BMW, Weilai, Delphi and other domestic and foreign main engine manufacturers and parts suppliers have carried out driverless road test here
it is too early to talk about the advanced level of driverless technology of various brands through public information before the real land of driverless technology. In addition, many parts suppliers of driverless vehicles are open to supply, and the reliability of the final landing procts of each brand depends on the integration ability and R & D concept
e to its late development, China's automobile instry has been in a weak position in terms of technology for a long time. With the advent of automatic driving, it is obviously unrealistic to say that China can also surpass European and American enterprises in the whole field. However, China has its own advantages. For example, in the Internet age, there is still a certain gap between China and the West in terms of Internet technology, but in the application level, China has achieved great advantages, such as Internet shopping, takeout ordering, online ticket purchasing, etc. the long-term offline advantages in Europe and the United States seriously limit the development of the Internet, while the later China is more likely to form advantages
similarly, in terms of autonomous driving, China's active development atmosphere is easier to achieve landing than overseas. For example, in addition to the big three bat, Jingdong is also developing its own autonomous driving projects. However, unlike fully automatic driving, JD is committed to building a driverless logistics system. Through cooperation with SAIC Datong and Dongfeng, the driverless vehicles currently tested by JD include long-distance driverless trucks, all levels of driverless logistics vehicles in the city, and express delivery vehicles to micro communities. Compared with the traditional manned automatic driving vehicles, the logistics vehicles will be relatively simple, and each vehicle can import only the high-precision maps of the corresponding sections without the need of on-line real-time large area high precision map matching. The complexity of road conditions is also a little smaller. The accumulated data accumulated by these vehicles will greatly help unmanned driving.
when it comes to driverless, people always think that there is still a distant topic, but it is not. In addition to the predictable landing of JD driverless logistics system, when the car realizes L3 level automatic driving and can automatically drive out / into the parking lot, the normalized shared car can call and return the car anytime and anywhere through the fixed parking lot, and L3 level automatic driving has been realized in succession. Sharing economy is China's leading project in the world, which is also China's advantage. Driverless will enter our life in unexpected ways and at a speed far faster than we expected

8.

The price of 29905 yuan makes the domestic model 3 a "hot spot" for many potential buyers. Some of the buyers who originally left the budget to abb have already moved their hearts and are ready to invest the budget in the future automobile life. At the same time, this is also the highlight of Tesla in China. In the United States, Tesla is involved in an investigation by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) because there have been more than 12 traffic accidents related to Tesla autopilot driving assistance system

The standards of autonomous driving technology will develop rapidly with the increase of investors and stakeholders, but the related regulations and safety standards need to be explored for a long time. When the driver changes from human to electronic system, how to divide the responsibility for the accident; As well as how to evaluate the safety of automatic driving infrastructure construction, is the need to do a good job before the commercialization of automatic driving

(the pictures of this article are from the network, and are deleted)

this article comes from the author of car home, which does not represent the standpoint of car home

9. In the list of autonomous driving technology companies released by Navigant research in 2019, amberful ranked fourth, closely behind the platitudes of Google waymo, GM cruise and Ford
strictly speaking, this company has just turned 2 years old
on December 5, 2017, after Delphi split its powertrain business, Delphi officially unveiled its new company name, APTIV PLC, and announced that it focused on accelerating the commercialization process in the fields of active safety, automatic driving, improving driving experience and Internet services
in other words, Delphi, a traditional auto parts manufacturer, intends to devote a considerable part of its energy to the "brain" and "nervous system" of cars, such as the software, algorithms, and car architecture needed for automatic driving
according to the official statement, in the four or five years since the company first entered the field of automatic driving, everything has gone smoothly:
in 2015, amber Ford completed the automatic driving test across the mainland of the United States, becoming the first company in the world to launch the commercial project of automatic driving
in May 2018, amber and LYFT cooperated to launch the commercial operation project of automatic driving, and launched the public oriented automatic driving network car Hailing service in Las Vegas
as of September 2019, the company has provided more than 70000 person times of automatic driving network car Hailing service and obtained a passenger satisfaction score of 4.95 (full score of 5). At present, commercial development projects of automatic driving have been carried out in Las Vegas, Boston and Singapore
naturally, amber has graally extended its tentacles to the research and development of L4 automatic driving. At this time, the team found that in order to achieve high-level automatic driving and mass proction, the current automotive infrastructure is far from meeting the demand
so Yang Xiaoming, President of Asia Pacific region, shared his own design concept. At the same time, he also discussed with Che Yunjun the feasible business model in the future and the prospect of the automatic driving instry -
the birth of a new supply relationship
Q: please give us a brief introction of the new generation infrastructure of amber, and what stage has the cooperation reached at present
Yang Xiaoming: at present, the traditional way of automobile architecture design is nearly saturated, and the architecture design must go to the next generation, innovation and reform
the direction of electric vehicles has been proved, especially in the Chinese market. Tesla's success has proved that pure electric vehicles are the development direction. The application speed of the new architecture on electric vehicles may be faster, because it is relatively simple, and there is no complex powertrain mole such as traditional fuel vehicle powertrain
at present, our procts have appeared in CES 2020, and are no longer in the stage of concept. At the same time, such innovative and revolutionary ideas and procts can not be put in place in one step. Now many ideas have begun to be promoted in the current new projects and applied locally, including the graal rection of moles in some customer models and the graal change to the direction of domain control
Q: as far as I know, many manufacturers are studying the domain controller. When will the procts of anbofu be launched
Yang Xiaoming: in this year's CES, we have exhibited a comprehensive range of procts, including domain controllers, computing control centers, etc. We are discussing with some customers, including traditional vehicle manufacturers and new force car manufacturers. There will be some conflicts between new technology and previous procts at the design level. The new technology has a characteristic that its cycle is much faster than the traditional car development in previous years, so the time is very short. And the Chinese market also has a characteristic, local enterprises to accept new technologies, new concepts quickly, once it will move quickly
Q: when this architecture is implemented in mass proction, what requirements will it put forward for chip and computing power modification
Yang Xiaoming: higher requirements are required for chips, but the cost of chips is not a problem at present, because the technology is developing very fast, and the most important problem is the system. The control system of anbofo is based on an open architecture, which avoids the difficulties caused by the lack of unified standards in the future. So the chip is definitely upgrading. The function of the chip is much faster and bigger than that of the previous ECU chip, but the most important thing is an open operation system, OS system
as far as the auto driving scheme is concerned, there are two major directions for discussion. One is to put all the computing power on the sensors and cameras. At present, many vehicle applications do this. But it will face a very big problem. In case of equipment failure, the maintenance cost will be very high. Take the sensor as an example, now every sensor has a chip, and the cost of maintenance is very high
the other direction is the route of sensor fusion, which sends the processing and information to the central area block and the computing center for processing. At present, this may be a feasible direction, but it still needs an evolutionary process
Q: what are the differences between domestic and foreign electronic and electrical architecture systems? Are there any differences? Does China's architecture also need to adapt to localization standards<
Yang Xiaoming: there is no regional difference in the electronic and electrical architecture, but China certainly has its particularity. From the perspective of architecture, we don't think there are big differences in architecture. There may be slight differences in the requirements of laws and regulations in different countries
reporter: the logic of the evolution of electronic and electrical architecture of many auto companies is to transform to the software level. How to balance the contradiction between suppliers and OEMs
Yang Xiaoming: This is not a contradiction, but a new model and the instrial chain reform it brings. In the process of building a new instrial chain, we must quickly define which end of the instrial chain we are at, which is very critical. For example, we are a system supplier. Many of our advantages lie in the calculation of hardware and software. We also do many ECU programs, and we are also doing software
in the end, the purpose of OEM software will be different from ours, because we are controlling cars, and their software will focus more on the needs of end customers: what kind of applications do car owners need? They want to make the end customer experience and customer demand software very well, and the profits brought by software are unimaginable
the future business model of autonomous driving
Yang Xiaoming: we have 75 vehicles in operation in Las Vegas, which are completely running every day. Passengers can call the self driving taxi of anbofu through the taxi software. So it's completely commercial operation, not a demonstration. We've passed this stage
recently, the scope of operation has been extended to the airport, which is of great significance to the operation of self driving shared car, because in the past, the airport was not unable to do it, but the security inspection had a lot of worries about self driving, and the whole approval process was relatively long. By the end of last year, there had been 70000 times of driving, and the growth rate was very fast. The performance of automatic driving was also very smooth and safe. Nine out of 10 passengers said that they would choose our automatic driving taxi again
in recent years, the instry has been discussing how to expand the business model of automatic driving. Nowadays, the same situation is also faced in China. You can't rely on the government forever. It can't achieve sustainable development. So we chose to work with LYFT to explore a sustainable business model. There are many applicable scenarios in China, which are easier than those in foreign countries
now practitioners are flocking to research algorithms and AI. I think the more important thing is how to find a successful business model, what role the host plant should play, what role the system supplier should play, and what role the software supplier should play
secondly, we have been calling for the government's laws and regulations to be kept up with, and the laws and regulations should be focused on. I feel that the domestic government is often in a passive mode of response and is often forced to come up with a special way to grant a piece of land and open up an area. Las Vegas, for example, has a certain legal support. The legal advisers of the state government meet with enterprises regularly. In particular, autonomous driving companies like us have a meeting to discuss what problems will arise in the future, what problems are unclear at the present legal level, and how to match laws and regulations. This is worth learning in China. Otherwise, only a few dozen or a few hundred of them will be able to work out the commercial environment of automatic driving
Q: in the cooperation with LYFT and Hyundai Auto, what is the business model that amberful explored
Yang Xiaoming: These are two different kinds of cooperation. They are the cooperation with LYFT for the commercial landing of automatic driving, and they launch automatic driving on the shared travel platform. Shared travel will occupy a large proportion in the future mobile travel business. At the same time, how to use the idle period of vehicles is in the process of exploration if fully automatic driving is achieved
at the beginning, we were worried about what passengers would think about automatic driving, whether our technology could bring good experience to passengers, and whether passengers would like to ride in a car controlled by a machine. Now we have the answer, 93% of the customers think there is no problem, and more and more passengers. In other words, we have gained a lot of experience in terms of market model and future customer trend. Of course, we have accumulated some technical data, which is priceless. For example, in Las Vegas, our self driving taxis can run to the airport and any hotel. During this period, we accumulated a lot of artificial intelligence data. The machine is learning every day, and the car is running better and better. This is the technical experience
and Hyundai are totally different ways of cooperation. We set up a joint venture to jointly develop automatic driving. With the development and change of the instrial chain, the roles of OEM and us are changing. The cooperation with Hyundai is a typical example. How can a system supplier and OEM cooperate to achieve the goal of autonomous driving and other future travel? In addition to the current co funded cooperation, it is also very important who will test the automatic driving platform. Hyundai has a complete vehicle platform. If we test the new electronic and electrical architecture, Hyundai will be in a very favorable position and can create a platform for us in the future like a piece of white paper
the cooperation with Hyundai has just begun, and both sides are also exploring the cooperation mode of tier 1 and OEM at the level of automatic driving, what kind of effect will it proce in the new market and new business field, who will do what at that time, and it is necessary for both sides to benefit each other and occupy a certain position in the future travel market. This will bring us very important experience in cooperation
the instry is not in constant cold.
Q: today's auto market is in a downward trend as a whole. On the one hand, auto enterprises need to rece costs, on the other hand, they need to invest a lot of money to research forward-looking technologies that have not yet been implemented. How do you think to find a balance between the two<
Yang Xiaoming: China's auto market is a special situation. It has been growing in the past few decades. However, foreign countries have experienced several rounds of cyclical process. We can see that it is not realistic to achieve long-term stable growth

10.

Can automatic driving be realized? The landing of automatic driving may pay more attention to the scene itself. For different scenes, closed scenes may land more quickly. If it is divided into several different dimensions, such as private cars, passenger cars and commercial cars, the scene changes from a relatively closed area to a more complex area. Generally speaking, commercial cars will land first than passenger cars or passenger cars. We have seen some cases of landing. However, it may be difficult to get to the landing of passenger cars. It is estimated that 2025 may be a starting point at most, and it is likely to be far away

unexpected situation: perhaps the most difficult problem is what kind of decision should be made when a new unexpected experience occurs. In a tractor or robot, it may stop, but in a car, it may be the most unsafe thing Icfans)

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standards ensure safety and interoperability

the main standard for autonomous vehicles is ISO 26262. Its purpose is to ensure the safety management of the whole vehicle system. Part of ISO 26262 is the priority of ASIL classification. ASIL level classifies the severity of hazards caused by hardware failures (or software control hardware failures) in different situations, and runs from a (least stringent) to D (most stringent)

meet the requirements of ISO 26262, hardware and software security design, such as the use of backup path, self-monitoring and rendancy. The hardware needs to be tested according to the ASIL level it is running. ASIL classification of hardware or software that will not affect any safety critical function (such as GUI of car touch screen) is lower than ADAS function that may have significant impact on safety. Because the ADAS function makes high-level decisions for drivers, they usually have to pass high ASIL classification certification, such as asil-d