How to calculate the average fecundity of insects

1. The most common is the Termite Queen, who can lay as many as 500 million eggs in her life. However, she does not lay them at one time. She lays eggs almost all the time. It can be said that once she has the conditions after mating, she has to lay eggs for the rest of her life. She is an egg laying machine
however, there are many other relatively normal insects that lay eggs by stages, generally dozens of eggs, up to hundreds of eggs, and not many insects except dead ones. However, the fecundity of insects is not reflected here. The main reason is that most of them have a short life cycle, and their larvae can mate and lay eggs quickly, so some insects are prone to disaster.

2. The vast majority of insects are bisexual, and a few can reproce in other ways. For example, when the climate is suitable in summer, aphids parthenogenesis occurs, that is, eggs can develop into females without fertilization, and bisexual reproction occurs at the end of autumn; Some species of gall midge family can parthenogenesis at larval stage, which is called larval reproction; The fertilized eggs of some parasitic insects in the order Hymenoptera can divide into many embryos, and each embryo develops into a new indivial, which is called polyembryony.

3. Mantis (scientific name: Mantis), also known as the knife mantis, invertebrate. In ancient Greece, people regarded the mantis as a prophet, because the forearm of the Mantis was raised like a Praying Girl, so it was also called praying insect[ 1] In addition to polar regions, it is widely distributed all over the world, especially in tropical regions. There are about 2000 known species in the world. About 51 species are known in China. Among them, the Chinese big knife mantis, the narrow winged big knife mantis, the broad axe mantis, the brown mantis, the thin winged mantis, and the green Mantis are important natural enemies of agricultural, forestry, fruit tree and ornamental plant pests in China. Mantis is is a kind of insect with large body, long body, mostly green, brown or with flower spots. The hallmark feature is that there are two "big knives", namely forelimbs, with a row of hard serrations and a hook at each end, which are used to hook the prey. The head is triangular and can rotate flexibly; Compound eye prominent, large and bright, monocular 3; The antennae are slender; The neck can rotate freely; Masticatory mouthpiece with strong upper jaw[ 1] The legs and tibia of the forefoot are favorable for spines, and the tibia is sickle shaped, often folded to the legs to form the forefoot that can catch prey; The cortex of the forewing is covered with wings, lacking the anterior region, the posterior wing is membranous, the buttock region is developed, fan-shaped, and overlapped on the back at rest; Abdominal hypertrophy. The forefoot catches the foot, the midfoot and hindfoot are suitable for walking and graally metamorphosis[ 2] Some species are parthenogenetic. Mantis is is a carnivorous insect. It hunts all kinds of insects and small animals. It can kill many pests in fields and forest areas, so it is a beneficial insect. Sexual violence, aggressive, lack of food, often large swallow small and female eat male phenomenon. Indivial species in South America can attack small animals such as birds, lizards or frogs from time to time. Mantis has a protective color, and some have mimicry, which is similar to its environment, in order to prey on a variety of pests. The action is sensitive, and the predation time is only 0.01 seconds. It only feeds on live insects and its prey with its spiny forefoot. When frightened, they flutter their wings and rustle, showing a clear warning color. It is common in plants rather than on the ground. It can be shaped like green or brown dead leaves, twigs, lichens, flowers or ants. Mimicry can not only avoid natural enemies, but also be difficult to detect when approaching or waiting for prey. The life span of a mantis is about six to eight months. Even without a head, mantis can survive for ten days.

4. Hermaphroditic reproction is beneficial to inherit the beneficial DNA between two different organisms, that is, to remove the dross and retain its essence. This form of reproction has the greatest possibility of gene mutation, that is to say, it can better adapt to the environment
parthenogenesis is not limited by region and time. It can reproce anytime and anywhere without looking for a spouse. This kind of reproction can make the next generation born in a safer place and time; However, parthenogenesis is cloning to a large extent, and the offspring inherit both advantages and disadvantages, which is not concive to adapt to the environment
polyembryonic reproction is a common form of reproction in parasitic insects. Due to the high risk of reproction in the host, it is necessary to proce as many offspring as possible, but also to adapt to the changeable immune system in the host. Therefore, it is necessary to have both sexes to adapt to the environment, and to proce as many offspring as possible to increase the number, Therefore, it develops into a reproctive mode in which a fertilized egg develops into multiple indivials. The same seems to be true of human twins, except that they are not polyembryonic
viviparity is rare in insects. Viviparous can ensure the survival rate of the next generation, provide protection, nutrition, and relatively stable development environment in the process of embryonic development, and avoid adverse factors to embryonic development to the maximum extent
larval reproction does not require mating or egg stage development, that is to say, larval reproction combines the advantages of parthenogenesis and viviparity, and can reproce before it is fully developed. The reproction cycle of one generation is very short, which can rapidly expand the population< I hope my answer will help you!

5. Generally, it occurs when the environmental conditions are ideal and the food is sufficient. The advantage of this method is that it can save the time of searching for spouse and fertilizing, proce more and faster indivials, and occupy this area quickly
and
it usually occurs when the condition is bad and food is scarce
it can proce more gene combinations, increase the probability of adaptive evolution and prevent the accumulation of harmful mutations. That is to say,
proces a variety of gene combinations, some of which can adapt to the harsh environment and survive, so as to ensure the continuation of the population
take aphids as an example, if they have enough food, they will seize the time to carry out
, and they can reproce for several generations as soon as they can. When the environment starts to get worse in late autumn and early winter, they will proce female and male indivials, and they will mate and lay eggs for the winter.

7. Generally speaking, the reproctive capacity of insects is stronger than that of human beings. They can even proce offspring (parthenogenesis) without mating. Some insects can proce thousands of offspring at a time, such as ants. And the growth period of insects is very short, some can have more than ten generations a year, so the reproctive capacity of insects is unlimited. There are more than one million species of insects, so this question is difficult to answer.

8. There are many kinds of reproction methods of insects, such as: (1) hermaphroditism: most insects are hermaphroditism. They usually proce fertilized eggs through mating and fertilization, and each egg develops into a new indivial. This kind of reproction method is also called hermaphroditism, This is the most common way for insects to reproce. (2) parthenogenesis: females proce new indivials without mating or fertilizing their eggs. This kind of reproction is called parthenogenesis. It is also called parthenogenesis. For example, scale insects, honeybees, honeybees, honeybees, honeybees, etc Parthenogenesis can be divided into permanent parthenogenesis and alternate parthenogenesis. (3) viviparous egg: after the eggs are hatched in the mother, the mother directly proces the larvae, which is called viviparous egg. This viviparous egg is different from the viviparous egg of mammals. The development of the embryo of the egg only depends on the yolk body of the egg, such as the Parthenogenesis of aphids, Viviparous reproction can protect the eggs, shorten the life cycle and accelerate reproction. Therefore, if it is a pest, the more harmful it will be. (4) polyembryonic reproction: polyembryonic reproction is a unique reproction mode of some parasitic wasps. It is a reproction mode in which two or hundreds or even as many as 2000 embryos occur in an egg, and then develop into multiple new indivials, It is called polyembryony. The sex depends on whether the egg is fertilized or not. The fertilized egg develops into a female, while the unfertilized egg develops into a male. Therefore, the indivials developed from one egg are identical, such as the endoparasite, such as Encyrtidae, ICHNEUMONIDAE, Braconidae, etc

9. Insects are hermaphroditic animals, but there are a few hermaphroditic species. In general, hermaphroditic animals are hermaphroditic, but there are some special methods of reproction in insects with various species differentiation. Generally speaking, the reproction methods of insects include hermaphroditism (e.g. most coleoptera pests), parthenogenesis (e.g. thrips), polyembryony (e.g. some Hymenoptera parasitic wasps), viviparity (e.g. aphids) and larval reproction (e.g. scale insects, some genus insects of gallmidae). The citrus pests mainly involve hermaphroditism, parthenogenesis, viviparity and larval reproction.

10. Yes, insects usually have six feet on the chest and abdomen, so they are also called hexapods. You can refer to the following information

basic characteristics of insects
1. Insects are invertebrates
2. The body and appendages of insects are segmented
3. Chitin exoskeleton is attached to the body surface of insects< The body of insects can be divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen
5. Insects usually have six feet on the chest and abdomen, so they are also called hexapods< Insects are the most abundant species on the earth. More than 85% of the known animal species on the earth are insects. At present, more than one million species of insects have been named by human beings. Entomologists estimate that there are more than 30 million species of insects on the earth. It can be said that most of the animal species are insects. It is estimated that the number of insects on the earth is about 10 to the 18th power, and the insect population is about 200 million times of the current population. If the average weight of each insect is 25 mg, entomologists estimate that the weight of all insects on the earth is 12 times that of all human beings. From these amazing figures, insects are the most dominant organisms on the earth. We can say that we live in a world full of insects

as far as the animal resources in Taiwan are concerned, there are about 71 species of mammals, 500 species of birds, 92 species of reptiles, 32 species of amphibians and 150 species of freshwater fish. There are 270 species of spiders and 18000 species of insects named by invertebrates. It is estimated that there are about 200000 species of insects in Taiwan. Insects are also the most dominant natural treasure in terms of species and quantity in Taiwan<

insects have been living on the earth for a long time
according to fossil evidence, cockroaches appeared on the earth about 400 million years ago in the Silurian, insects with wings evolved about 300 million years ago, Lepidoptera insects such as butterflies and moths appeared about 100 million years ago, while human beings only lived on the earth about one million years ago, before human beings dominated the earth, Insects have long lived on the earth. For a long time, insects have evolved various living habits with high adaptability to adapt to different environments on the earth, and formed the amazing insect diversity in nature< Insects are distributed all over the world, and most of them live in the tropics, but they also live in the Arctic or Antarctic. Insects live from the plains to the mountains, from the rainforests to the deserts, in human bedrooms and food, and even in caves or hot springs. Generally speaking, insects can be found in places where plants can live and where human beings can live< Insects have amazing adaptability to the earth's environment, which is the main reason for their successful evolution on earth. The factors for insects to adapt to the earth's environment include:

1. Insects have chitin exoskeleton. The main component of insect epidermis is chitin, which is a kind of nitrogen-containing polysaccharide between protein and carbohydrate. Chitin is a soft substance, but other substances make it hard and dark. The degree of hardening of chitin exoskeleton on insect body surface is not consistent, but the flexible membranous part which can be folded and tortuous is retained, forming a segmented phenomenon. In addition to protecting internal organs, chitin exoskeleton can rece water evaporation, adapt to dry environment on land, increase muscle attachment surface, and evolve various sensory organs< Most insects have the ability to fly, which can greatly help them survive and spread. At the same time, it can also increase their feeding and reproctive opportunities, and avoid being persecuted by natural enemies. The active migration ability of flying insects is stronger, but some insects migrate passively e to external factors such as wind. Migration allows insects to reach new habitats, and the isolation after migration is one of the ways for insects to rapidly evolve to new species. Therefore, flight contributes greatly to the formation of insect species diversity< In order to adapt to the environment, insects have metamorphosis.
most insects have metamorphosis, and 88% of the known insect species are completely metamorphosed. There are four stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa and alt. The egg stage is the embryonic development stage, and the larva stage is responsible for feeding, and its food types are often different from alts. The pupa stage is the transitional stage, ring which the larva tissue is completely destroyed and becomes the alt structure. The main role of the alt is to spread and reproce offspring. The larva and the alt are separated in different space and time by the pupa stage, and each stage can adapt to different environments< Insects have strong reproctive capacity
the large number of insect populations on the earth comes from the strong reproctive capacity of insects. The reproction ability and mode of insects are different. If there is no death, a pair of tropical butterflies can proce 3 million butterflies in a season, and a queen bee can lay 2000 eggs a day. Although these huge insect populations are reced e to the ecological balance of the natural environment, they still create astronomical insect populations. In addition to sexual reproction, insects also have parthenogenesis and larval reproction to adapt to various environments< 5. Small size
insects are small in size and small in food demand, so it is easy to form the phenomenon of special food and gain advantages in food competition. The competitive pressure of small size on habitat and space is also reced, and the probability of escaping from enemies and adverse environment is also greatly increased. At the same time, the development time of small body is short, and the life cycle of generations is fast; Therefore, under the pressure of natural elimination, the rate of obtaining opportunities to proce adaptation is faster, thus creating a variety of insect life phenomena

they are not insects.
some animals that look like insects, or move in the way of creeping and crawling, are often mistaken for insects, but in fact they are not insects.