On opinion taking and Piaget's de egocentrism
Publish: 2021-04-22 06:30:04
1. Parents' first EQ class, the baby's cognition of the surrounding is self-learning ability, but parents' planned interaction is the best ecation at this time
please describe all kinds of emotions and emotions of the baby itself and other people in the environment with words
start from simple: happy, sad, afraid, calm, angry
then further understand the advanced emotions accurately: sadness, fear, friendly
finally, to some higher emotions: embarrassment, withdrawal, Anger, etc.
remember not to think that children are born with a lot of knowledge. The baby can judge and analyze self-learning either from family ecation or from TV and other social ecation
distraction is the best intervention method
children aged 2-3 have incomplete cognitive system, and the best way is to divert their attention when their emotions are out of control. Use other more attractive things to save the child from the boring and noisy mood
remember: don't be angry with your child, and reason with your child, it's all the performance of parents with low EQ
how to & quot; Egocentrism & quot; It is the main task of the baby at this stage
(tapping the blackboard, which is the source of future EQ)
let the child know & quot; You & quot& quot; I & quot& quot; He & quot; There are also differences between & quot; Your & quot& quot; My & quot& quot; His & quot; The difference
can start with sharing:
for example, a beautiful little sister came to the family, and the baby was very happy, and took a small apple to give to her sister.
many parents may immediately criticize their children for doing wrong or even for being selfish in the face of this situation
it's only after decades of life that I have accumulated my right and wrong ideas. How can I ask a two or three-year-old child to have the same right and wrong ideas as myself
what can we do
baby: if someone gives you an apple, do you want a big one or a small one
he replied without thinking: big
Yes, you see, you want to get a big one. Do you think Miss would like to receive a big one or a small one
he thought about it and replied, "big one
are you happy if someone gives you a little apple
the baby thinks: not happy
do you think little sister will be happy to receive the apple you gave him
the baby shakes his head thoughtfully: unhappy
do you want your little sister to be happy or unhappy
baby: I hope my little sister is happy
do you think you should give the teacher a big apple or a small one
baby: Big Apple
when I have similar conflicts, please describe the thoughts, feelings and expectations of people from different positions and angles as comprehensively as possible, so that the baby can realize that different people will have different thoughts, feelings and expectations from an early age
this kind of & quot; Decentralization & quot; Thinking training will be the foundation of EQ in the future
please describe all kinds of emotions and emotions of the baby itself and other people in the environment with words
start from simple: happy, sad, afraid, calm, angry
then further understand the advanced emotions accurately: sadness, fear, friendly
finally, to some higher emotions: embarrassment, withdrawal, Anger, etc.
remember not to think that children are born with a lot of knowledge. The baby can judge and analyze self-learning either from family ecation or from TV and other social ecation
distraction is the best intervention method
children aged 2-3 have incomplete cognitive system, and the best way is to divert their attention when their emotions are out of control. Use other more attractive things to save the child from the boring and noisy mood
remember: don't be angry with your child, and reason with your child, it's all the performance of parents with low EQ
how to & quot; Egocentrism & quot; It is the main task of the baby at this stage
(tapping the blackboard, which is the source of future EQ)
let the child know & quot; You & quot& quot; I & quot& quot; He & quot; There are also differences between & quot; Your & quot& quot; My & quot& quot; His & quot; The difference
can start with sharing:
for example, a beautiful little sister came to the family, and the baby was very happy, and took a small apple to give to her sister.
many parents may immediately criticize their children for doing wrong or even for being selfish in the face of this situation
it's only after decades of life that I have accumulated my right and wrong ideas. How can I ask a two or three-year-old child to have the same right and wrong ideas as myself
what can we do
baby: if someone gives you an apple, do you want a big one or a small one
he replied without thinking: big
Yes, you see, you want to get a big one. Do you think Miss would like to receive a big one or a small one
he thought about it and replied, "big one
are you happy if someone gives you a little apple
the baby thinks: not happy
do you think little sister will be happy to receive the apple you gave him
the baby shakes his head thoughtfully: unhappy
do you want your little sister to be happy or unhappy
baby: I hope my little sister is happy
do you think you should give the teacher a big apple or a small one
baby: Big Apple
when I have similar conflicts, please describe the thoughts, feelings and expectations of people from different positions and angles as comprehensively as possible, so that the baby can realize that different people will have different thoughts, feelings and expectations from an early age
this kind of & quot; Decentralization & quot; Thinking training will be the foundation of EQ in the future
2. Egocentrism refers to children's thinking deficiencies e to their low level of thinking development. It means that indivials tend to know things from their own standpoint and point of view, but not from the objective and other people's standpoint and point of view. From being unable to distinguish the self from the outside world to getting rid of the dependence on action and direct perception, being able to distinguish the self from the outside world, representing other people's psychological world, and acquiring the ability of opinion selection. In the early stage of sensorimotor, the egocentrism of children's thinking is that they can't distinguish themselves from the outside world. They live in the "here and now" world completely and don't realize that there is a broader world besides their feelings. At the end of the sensorimotor stage, with the emergence of symbolic function, children can distinguish themselves from the outside world, which is a manifestation of de egocentrism. In the pre operation stage, children's egocentrism of thinking is reflected in the representation level. At this time, although children have formed a representation of things, they can't represent other people's psychological world. What they think and feel is always the same as what they think and feel, and they don't have the ability of opinion selection. After entering the specific operation stage, children's thinking is further de egocentric, which shows that they can understand things from multiple dimensions, and they can realize that different people often hold different views and attitudes towards the same thing, that is, they have the ability of opinion selection. Therefore, Piaget believes that the development of children's thinking from low level to high level is a process of de egocentrism.
3. Self attention should be developed in Bijie, a primary stage of thinking development.
4.
young children: they can move. If you walk, they will walk, and if you turn, they will turn. Did the sun follow you
Piaget: why does it move< Children: because when people walk, they also walk
Piaget: why does it go< Children: listen to what we are saying
Piaget: is the sun alive< Children: of course, otherwise it would not follow us and shine
Children's thinking development shows three different ways: intuitive action thinking, concrete image thinking and abstract logic thinking. Children's early thinking is based on intuitive action thinking, children's middle thinking is based on concrete image thinking, and children's late abstract logical thinking begins to sprout
The thinking of 0-2 years old children is mainly intuitive action thinking. Intuitive action thinking refers to the thinking that mainly uses intuitive actions and actions to solve problems. For example, a child drags a cloth on a table to get a toy that he can't get directly. Intuitive action thinking is inseparable from children's perception and action of the object, which is the budding thinking of early children. Piaget believes that there are two obvious signs of children's thinking development at this stage: first, children sometimes can solve problems without obvious external attempts; Second, it proces the ability of delayed imitation. The so-called delayed imitation refers to the imitation of behavior or action after the object or action disappears in front of the eyes for a period of timegenerally speaking, children have acquired the following abilities: children begin to pay attention to the spatial relationship of objects through reaching out and grasping, which makes children graally go beyond direct perception and movement and begin to understand the world around them; Children break through the limitation of direct experience, develop the concept of sequential time dimension, and have a preliminary understanding of causality; Children begin to understand the relationship between goals and means; Children can imitate not in front of the behavior and show obvious purpose and so on
In Piaget's view, one of the greatest achievements of children's thinking development at this stage is to obtain the concept of "object permanence", that is, children understand that the objects that disappear in front of them will continue to exist. Piaget believes that it is a graal learning process for children to believe that objects still exist when they don't directly perceive them. It runs through the whole stage of perceptual movement, and its typical performance is the play behavior of hidden cat. Intuitive action thinking is a way of thinking throughout one's life. Children's intuitive action thinking is inseparable from children's perception and action of real objects, so it lacks the planning of action and the predictability of behavior results, and the thinking is obviously narrow-minded
(picture: object permanence)
2. Specific image thinking is the main form of thinking for children aged 2 to 6 and 7. Specific image thinking is to use the image of things and the relationship between the image of things to solve problems. At this stage, although children get rid of the dependence on movement synchronization, they are still affected by the image and movement of specific things. Piaget called this stage of children's thinking pre operation stage
Piaget further divided this stage into two stages: pre concept stage and intuitive stage. The characteristics of children's thinking in the pre concept stage are ubiquitous animism and egocentrism. Children's animism means that children give life to all objects. For example, young children think that when picking plants, the plants will be hurt and the plants will feel pain. In the following dialogue between Piaget and a child in the pre concept stage, we can see that the child obviously gives the sun the color of life Piaget: can the Sun moveyoung children: they can move. If you walk, they will walk, and if you turn, they will turn. Did the sun follow you
Piaget: why does it move< Children: because when people walk, they also walk
Piaget: why does it go< Children: listen to what we are saying
Piaget: is the sun alive< Children: of course, otherwise it would not follow us and shine
children with egocentrism are completely centered on their own body and movements, and they can't understand things from their own stand and point of view. They can't realize that their own thoughts may be different from those of others, so they can't understand things from the objective and other people's stand
Piaget's famous experiment to prove children's egocentrism is "three mountains experiment". In the three mountains experiment (as shown in the picture), the models of three mountains of different sizes are placed in the center of the table, and a chair is placed around them. Children are taken for a walk around the models of the three mountains, so that children can observe the models of the three mountains from different angles. After the walk, let the child sit on one of the chairs, put three dolls on the other chairs, and then ask the child what the dolls in other positions seethe results showed that children under 4 years old did not understand the meaning of the problem at all. 4-6-year-old children can't distinguish the scenery they see from the doll. No matter what the observer sees, they always choose the scenery they see. The first signal that can distinguish different views appears at about 6 years old, when children show that they know the difference, but they can't point it out. At the age of 8-9, they were able to understand some of the connections between themselves and the doll's observation points. In this classic paradigm, children under the age of eight are considered to be self-centered. Because they are based on their own position, they can't imagine any position other than their own. However, some recent studies suggest that Piaget's task is difficult for young children. Maybe Piaget underestimates children's ability (Donaldson, 1978; Siegal，1997
{rrrrrrr}
(Figure: Conservation Experiment)
3. The sprout of abstract thinking
abstract thinking refers to the thinking of using abstract concepts or words to solve problems according to the logical relationship of things. At the end of childhood, that is, 6-8 years old, children begin to sprout abstract thinking
First, children begin to acquire reversible thinking. For example, young children begin to realize that if they subtract a few from a pile of beads and then add the same number of beads, the total number of beads in the pile will remain the sameSecond, children's thinking began to be self-centered. The so-called decentralization means that children realize that the views of others may be different from their own, and that children can consider problems from the standpoint and perspective of others. For example, young children begin to be able to solve the "three mountain problem"
Thirdly, children begin to focus on several attributes of an object at the same time, and begin to realize the relationship between these attributes. For example, young children begin to realize that an object can have several attributes, such as weight and size, and realize that these attributes are separable Fourthly, children begin to use logical principles. The important logic principle that children acquire is invariance principle, that is, the basic attribute of an object remains unchanged. Another principle is the principle of equivalence, that is, if some attribute of a is equal to B and B is equal to C, then a must be equal to C5. Early childhood ecation do not focus on the shortcomings of children
if you can give good praise and praise to the advantages of children, the disadvantages will disappear naturally
pay attention to every change in the process of children's growth
don't think that children's performance has been fixed. The present performance is only a link in their growth process. They will continue to grow
don't be perfectionist
some parents set very high standards for their children and ask them to be perfect from the beginning. For children, many things are the first time in life, and may not be done well; And in so many bad possibilities, how wonderful it is for a child to accomplish one thing beautifully. Parents must praise it. In this way, parents will not care too much about those things that are not done well
do not compare with other children
parents should not always compare their children with other children. As long as their own children develop according to their own personality, it is very satisfactory. Every child has his own personality. Parents should believe that as long as the child can develop his own expertise and has a skill in his own field of expertise, he can grow into a leader in this field
} don't take the cultivation of learning ability as the focus of ecation. Learning ability is certainly important, but if we blindly take it as the focus of ecation, the whole ecation will be tilted. We must take the ecation of the soul as the focus of ecation, and focus on the cultivation of children's Eq. we should attach importance to the ecation of the soul, so that the learning ability will be greatly improved
now is the best time
don't stare at children's shortcomings, as long as you are good at discovering children's advantages and strengths, and give affirmation and praise to their small progress, you can make those shortcomings disappear. The more parents try to correct their children's shortcomings, the more likely they will be counterproctive, and the more stubborn their shortcomings will be in their children. Instead of doing so, it is better to regard the present child as the best, affirm his advantages and praise his strengths, so that the child will naturally become excellent
precautions 1. The most important thing in early childhood is not to learn knowledge
the most important thing in early childhood is not to learn knowledge, but to let children form lifelong beneficial quality, attitude, emotion and ability, which is very important. Of course, we should also master some necessary knowledge and skills, but this is not the most important task of early childhood
2. The most suitable way to cultivate children is "play"
the method of preaching is not suitable for cultivating children, and the method suitable for children's age characteristics is "play". Children can learn to discuss with others in the process of playing games
3. The introction of social hot issues into the classroom
can timely introce social hot issues into the curriculum, as well as "care for others" ecation, organize children to visit homes for the aged and open schools, and perform puppet shows, so that children can know how to sympathize with and care for the weak
4. Pay attention to the development potential of children
as a basic ecation, early childhood ecation should pay attention to the sustainable development of children. Let children develop good study, life, behavior, health habits, imperceptibly create a healthy and beautiful mind, let children grow up healthy and happy
5. If children want to be parents, they should first do
children's ecation can not rely on school alone, family and society will have an impact on children. Families have a greater influence on children. Moreover, because children like to imitate alts, but they don't know how to choose, they imitate and express everything they see and hear in the family and society in the game. For example, some children will imitate the drunken appearance of alts. Parents, whether speaking or acting, are actually teaching their children how to do it< Some people say that children are not sensible, and they will teach slowly when they grow up. Don't look down on children, they already know a lot of things. When a child is young, teaching is more acceptable. If you miss early childhood ecation, it will be difficult to correct it later< Many parents like to arrange for their children.
parents often say that they attach great importance to their children's ecation, but when it comes to small things, they can't. Most families have only one child, so try to meet the needs of the children. Parents should let go, let the child get exercise, can't let him rely on everything.
if you can give good praise and praise to the advantages of children, the disadvantages will disappear naturally
pay attention to every change in the process of children's growth
don't think that children's performance has been fixed. The present performance is only a link in their growth process. They will continue to grow
don't be perfectionist
some parents set very high standards for their children and ask them to be perfect from the beginning. For children, many things are the first time in life, and may not be done well; And in so many bad possibilities, how wonderful it is for a child to accomplish one thing beautifully. Parents must praise it. In this way, parents will not care too much about those things that are not done well
do not compare with other children
parents should not always compare their children with other children. As long as their own children develop according to their own personality, it is very satisfactory. Every child has his own personality. Parents should believe that as long as the child can develop his own expertise and has a skill in his own field of expertise, he can grow into a leader in this field
} don't take the cultivation of learning ability as the focus of ecation. Learning ability is certainly important, but if we blindly take it as the focus of ecation, the whole ecation will be tilted. We must take the ecation of the soul as the focus of ecation, and focus on the cultivation of children's Eq. we should attach importance to the ecation of the soul, so that the learning ability will be greatly improved
now is the best time
don't stare at children's shortcomings, as long as you are good at discovering children's advantages and strengths, and give affirmation and praise to their small progress, you can make those shortcomings disappear. The more parents try to correct their children's shortcomings, the more likely they will be counterproctive, and the more stubborn their shortcomings will be in their children. Instead of doing so, it is better to regard the present child as the best, affirm his advantages and praise his strengths, so that the child will naturally become excellent
precautions 1. The most important thing in early childhood is not to learn knowledge
the most important thing in early childhood is not to learn knowledge, but to let children form lifelong beneficial quality, attitude, emotion and ability, which is very important. Of course, we should also master some necessary knowledge and skills, but this is not the most important task of early childhood
2. The most suitable way to cultivate children is "play"
the method of preaching is not suitable for cultivating children, and the method suitable for children's age characteristics is "play". Children can learn to discuss with others in the process of playing games
3. The introction of social hot issues into the classroom
can timely introce social hot issues into the curriculum, as well as "care for others" ecation, organize children to visit homes for the aged and open schools, and perform puppet shows, so that children can know how to sympathize with and care for the weak
4. Pay attention to the development potential of children
as a basic ecation, early childhood ecation should pay attention to the sustainable development of children. Let children develop good study, life, behavior, health habits, imperceptibly create a healthy and beautiful mind, let children grow up healthy and happy
5. If children want to be parents, they should first do
children's ecation can not rely on school alone, family and society will have an impact on children. Families have a greater influence on children. Moreover, because children like to imitate alts, but they don't know how to choose, they imitate and express everything they see and hear in the family and society in the game. For example, some children will imitate the drunken appearance of alts. Parents, whether speaking or acting, are actually teaching their children how to do it< Some people say that children are not sensible, and they will teach slowly when they grow up. Don't look down on children, they already know a lot of things. When a child is young, teaching is more acceptable. If you miss early childhood ecation, it will be difficult to correct it later< Many parents like to arrange for their children.
parents often say that they attach great importance to their children's ecation, but when it comes to small things, they can't. Most families have only one child, so try to meet the needs of the children. Parents should let go, let the child get exercise, can't let him rely on everything.
6. Fate, I've been looking for this film for a long time. Just found the download address of Chinese and English subtitles, subtitles just down, but my film only under two episodes. Subtitles a little bit do not understand, all of a sudden jump out of the subtitles, and then do not show the subtitles when speaking.. Under study.. If you are interested, let's study together. http://shooter.cn/search/Sub : Odyssey + 5 /? X = 18 & y = 10. I only played two episodes. I don't know whether the subtitles are OK or not. If you try, please let me know!!!!
7. It's very slow now. It's suggested that ASIC mining machinery has a small amount of capital and small investment points
8. The image of Liu Haiping of iPhone X has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The unique ultra-thin appearance also caused a high topic at that time. However, the fever problem of Apple iPhone x also brought us a bad experience. Now, Diaofeng has sorted out the cause analysis and improvement methods of the hot and hot iPhone X. Let's have a look
iPhone x battery scalding fault cases
iPhone x battery scalding fault cases
Where did the well-known digital bloggers get the real experience of using the machine? The feedback content is roughly as follows: when I just posted that microblog, my iPhone x began to burn for no reason, and the temperature was getting higher and higher, I can feel the temperature rising through the protective cover. It's a little hot when I take it off and touch my back. I quickly shut it down and restart it. Now the temperature is normal. I don't know if this is the reason for the IOS update or the problem with iPhone X
the same problem is also mentioned in the comments of bloggers: especially when playing "King's glory", it can be described as "extremely hot". There are also problems such as "long press skill to cut the screen" and "flash back to the desktop". In addition, this problem also exists when using tmall and fast charge. There are also complaints about the green around the screen and the serious lack of battery life
why does the iPhone x get hot
some people think it's the problem of IOS system, some think it's the problem of stacking technology of camera motherboard and processor, and some think it's related to Google. For these explanations, they are not specific enough and too objective. Xiao Bian thinks that the reason why the iPhone is hot and hot is like this. It's normal for the iPhone to get hot seriously. Because of the L-type battery, many components are jammed together, and the heat dissipation of the glass body is not good, so it will get hot. In addition, the thermal conctivity of the glass is not good, so the longer it is used, the more heat is accumulated. However, x will rece the frequency of intelligent control of heating, if the heating is very serious, it is recommended to play cold later
why does the iPhone x get hot
in addition, according to netizens' feedback, the battery power consumption of iPhone x is also very fast. The main points of user experience are as follows:
1. When the weather is hot, it will be hot and the screen brightness will be dim
2, the is critical, fever is too laggy.
3. A little video chat will get hot, mainly in the rear camera
4. If you beat the king's glory or eat chicken, you get a high fever. I'm afraid of explosion. This iPhone x is really ordinary. It would crash before, but now it can't make a phone call occasionally
why does the iPhone x get hot
for how to thoroughly solve the problem of iPhone x fever, Xiaobian's suggestion is: the main reason for iPhone x fever is the internal structure design problem. The best answer is to use the mobile phone as little as possible and pay more attention to battery maintenance at ordinary times. Mobile phone battery aging phenomenon is serious, you can consider to replace the mobile phone battery. Of course, we can also pay attention to Apple's official news in real time. Can we alleviate the problem of iPhone X's hot and hot by upgrading the system? You can wait until the local apple repair point for repair service with your warranty card and purchase invoice.
iPhone x battery scalding fault cases
iPhone x battery scalding fault cases
Where did the well-known digital bloggers get the real experience of using the machine? The feedback content is roughly as follows: when I just posted that microblog, my iPhone x began to burn for no reason, and the temperature was getting higher and higher, I can feel the temperature rising through the protective cover. It's a little hot when I take it off and touch my back. I quickly shut it down and restart it. Now the temperature is normal. I don't know if this is the reason for the IOS update or the problem with iPhone X
the same problem is also mentioned in the comments of bloggers: especially when playing "King's glory", it can be described as "extremely hot". There are also problems such as "long press skill to cut the screen" and "flash back to the desktop". In addition, this problem also exists when using tmall and fast charge. There are also complaints about the green around the screen and the serious lack of battery life
why does the iPhone x get hot
some people think it's the problem of IOS system, some think it's the problem of stacking technology of camera motherboard and processor, and some think it's related to Google. For these explanations, they are not specific enough and too objective. Xiao Bian thinks that the reason why the iPhone is hot and hot is like this. It's normal for the iPhone to get hot seriously. Because of the L-type battery, many components are jammed together, and the heat dissipation of the glass body is not good, so it will get hot. In addition, the thermal conctivity of the glass is not good, so the longer it is used, the more heat is accumulated. However, x will rece the frequency of intelligent control of heating, if the heating is very serious, it is recommended to play cold later
why does the iPhone x get hot
in addition, according to netizens' feedback, the battery power consumption of iPhone x is also very fast. The main points of user experience are as follows:
1. When the weather is hot, it will be hot and the screen brightness will be dim
2, the is critical, fever is too laggy.
3. A little video chat will get hot, mainly in the rear camera
4. If you beat the king's glory or eat chicken, you get a high fever. I'm afraid of explosion. This iPhone x is really ordinary. It would crash before, but now it can't make a phone call occasionally
why does the iPhone x get hot
for how to thoroughly solve the problem of iPhone x fever, Xiaobian's suggestion is: the main reason for iPhone x fever is the internal structure design problem. The best answer is to use the mobile phone as little as possible and pay more attention to battery maintenance at ordinary times. Mobile phone battery aging phenomenon is serious, you can consider to replace the mobile phone battery. Of course, we can also pay attention to Apple's official news in real time. Can we alleviate the problem of iPhone X's hot and hot by upgrading the system? You can wait until the local apple repair point for repair service with your warranty card and purchase invoice.
9. 1. The concept of egocentrism: a psychological term put forward by Piaget. It means that children in the pre operation stage (2-7 years old) can only understand things from their own standpoint and viewpoint, but not from the objective and other people's standpoint and viewpoint. For example, when one's own soup is hot, another's soup is hot. On the contrary, opinion taking is often compared to "seeing the world from the eyes of others" or "seeing things from the perspective of others"
2. Understanding of that research: I think that opinion selection is based on the standpoint and viewpoint of others, so I think others are selfish, so I have unbalanced psychology and need to socialize with a more selfish standpoint and attitude than before
for reference only~
2. Understanding of that research: I think that opinion selection is based on the standpoint and viewpoint of others, so I think others are selfish, so I have unbalanced psychology and need to socialize with a more selfish standpoint and attitude than before
for reference only~
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