Computing power of 10ghs
Norton Ghost is the acronym of general hardware oriented system transfer. The software can complete and quickly backup, restore the entire hard disk or a single partition
preparation knowledge: know the word
disk: the meaning of disk
partition: in the operating system, each hard disk letter (after C disk) corresponds to a partition
Image: image, which is a file format of ghost to store the contents of hard disk or partition, with the extension of. GHO
to: to, in ghost, to means "back up to"
from: in ghost, to understand from simply means to restore from<
(1) introction to partition menu
there are three submenus under it
to partition: a partition (called source partition) directly to another partition (target partition). Note that the space of target partition should not be less than that of source partition ring operation
to image: back up a partition as an image file. Note that the partition where the image file is stored cannot be smaller than the source partition, and it is better to be larger than the source partition
from image: restore the partition from the image file (restore the backup partition)
usage plan
1. The best plan: after the installation of the operating system and various drivers, install the common software (such as antivirus, media player, office software, etc.) to the disk where the system is located, then install various upgrade patches of the operating system and common software, and then optimize the system. Finally, you can clone and backup the system disk under DOS, Note that the size of the backup disk cannot be smaller than the system disk
2. It doesn't matter if you forget to clone the backup after installing the system for a period of time e to negligence. Before backup, you'd better clear the junk files in the system disk and the junk information in the registry (windows optimization master is recommended), then clean up the system disk fragments, and then clone the backup in DOS
3. Under what circumstances should clone backup be restored
when you feel that the system is running slowly (at this time, it is mostly e to the frequent installation and unloading of software, resial or mistakenly deleted some files, resulting in system disorder), when the system crashes, and when you are hit by a relatively difficult virus, you have to clone and restore it! Sometimes, if you don't defragment the disk for a long time, and you don't want to spend half an hour or more to defragment, you can directly restore the clone backup, which is much better than simply defragmenting the disk
4. Finally, it is emphasized that the target hard disk or partition must be selected correctly ring backup and restore
partition backup
there are two ways to use ghost for system backup: the whole disk and partition. Click the local item in the menu, and there are three sub items in the pop-up menu on the right. Disk means to back up the whole hard disk (clone), partition means to back up a single partition of the hard disk, check means to check the hard disk or the backup file, and check whether the backup or restore failure may be caused by partition or hard disk damage. Partition backup as a personal user to save system data, especially in the recovery and replication of system partition has practical value
select the menu local → partition → to image to open the hard disk selection window and start the partition backup operation. Click the white hard disk information bar in the window, select the hard disk, enter the window, and select the partition to be operated (if there is no mouse, you can use the keyboard to operate: tab key to switch, enter key to confirm, and direction key to select). In the pop-up window, select the directory path of backup storage and enter the name of backup file. Note that the name of backup file has the suffix of GHO. Next, the program will ask whether to compress the backup data, and give three choices: no means not to compress, fast means that the compression ratio is small and the backup speed is fast, and high means that the compression ratio is high but the backup speed is quite slow. Finally, select the Yes button to start the backup of the partition hard disk. The speed of ghost backup is quite fast. You don't have to wait long to complete it. The backup files are stored in the set directory with the GHO suffix
hard disk cloning and backup
hard disk cloning is the backup and restore of the whole hard disk. Select the menu local → disk → to disk, select the source hard disk (the first hard disk) in the pop-up window, and then select the target hard disk (the second hard disk) to to. Note that you can set the size of each partition of the target hard disk, and ghost can automatically partition and format the target hard disk according to the set partition value. Select Yes to start execution
ghost can the target hard disk almost exactly as the source hard disk, and can partition, format, the system and files in one step. Just pay attention to the target hard disk can not be too small, must be able to load the data content of the source hard disk
ghost also provides a hard disk backup function, which is to backup the data of the whole hard disk into a file and save it on the hard disk (menu local → disk → to image), and then it can be restored to other hard disks or source hard disks at any time, which is very convenient for installing multiple systems. The usage is similar to partition backup[ 2]
backup and restore
if the backup partition data in the hard disk is damaged and cannot be repaired by the general data repair method, and the system cannot be started after being damaged, the backup data can be completely restored without re installing the program or system. Of course, you can also restore the backup to another hard disk
to restore the backup partition, select the menu local → partition → from image in the interface, select the restored backup file in the pop-up window, then select the restored hard disk and partition, and click Yes
LAN operation
LPT transfers backup files through the parallel port. There are two options: slave and master, which are used to connect the host and the client respectively. NetBIOS is similar to LPT, but it also has slave and master options, which are the same as LPT
first make the partition of ghost into a *. GHO file as usual, then install Symantec ghost enterprise edition on a Win98 and restart
1. First, make a boot disk of ghost with network card driver. Start > Programs > Symantec Ghost > Ghost Boot Wizard-> Network boot disk if your network card is directly selected in the list, it can generate a boot disk with PC-DOS If your network card is not in the list, you need to create a dedicated packet driver. ADD-> Packet driver (in the driver of the network card) according to the prompt, step by step, fill in the IP of the workstation (ghost must be TCP / IP Protocol). Finally, a floppy disk is generated, but it still can't be used. To change the autoexec.bat file, add a hexadecimal address after net xxx.dos, such as 0x75, etc. Multiple computers only need to change the IP in the wattcp.cfg file:
IP = 192.168.100.44
netmask = 255.255.255.0
gateway = 192.168.100.1
2. The screen proced by running multicast server on the server side. First give the server a session name (alias), such as BB, and then select image file to be your GHO file. Then - & gt; Dump From Client-> rtitions-> More Options-> Fill in 50 in the client of auto start (if you want to 50 at the same time) - & gt; Even if accept client is completed, when your number of workstations reaches 50, the server will automatically transfer *. GHO files
3. Details:
quite a lot of electronic classrooms use workstations without floppy or optical drives. In the absence of floppy disk drive, optical disk drive, when the hard disk software system problems, can network hard disk clone be realized? PXE (preboot execution environment, which is an extended network protocol based on TCP / IP, DHCP, TFTP and other Internet protocols) technology provides the function of starting from the network, which enables us to find a solution. Next, we will explain how to use ghost 7.0 to realize PXE based network hard disk cloning< The cloning process of network hard disk is as follows: on the workstation with floppy disk, start the machine with a boot disk, connect to the server, and clone the image of the hard disk or partition to the workstation with ghost multicast server. In this way, the network hard disk can be cloned safely and quickly without dismantling
to realize PXE network startup mode
for workstations without floppy disk drive or optical disk drive, three steps need to be completed to realize PXE network startup mode:
1. PXE startup setting of workstation
generally, PXE boot ROM is required to be installed on the network card for PXE network startup; For some types of network cards, the PXE boot code can also be written into the flash ROM of the motherboard; Some brand computers with network card integrated on the motherboard (such as Tsinghua Tongfang's commercial computers) can directly support PXE startup
the PXE startup setting mode of the commonly used rtl8139 chip network card is: press Shift + F10 according to the screen prompt when the machine starts, select PXE in the startup type, and turn on the network startup option
2. To make PXE boot files
to make PXE boot files, 3Com's dabs (dynamic access boot services) is recommended. Dabs provides powerful PXE startup service and management functions, but a 30 day trial version can be downloaded from the Internet. Therefore, we only use its boot image file making function, and the DHCP server of Windows 2000 server provides PXE boot service
dabs can be installed on any machine running Windows. After installation, run 3Com boot image editor and the main interface will appear. Select "create a TCP / IP or PXE image file" to open the dialog window. Name the image file to be created, such as pxeghost.img. For others, use the default option, put the tested normal network boot disk into the floppy drive, and select OK to create PXE boot image pxeghost.img
in the main menu of 3Com boot image editor, select "create a PXE menu boot file", select [add] in the window that appears, and add the boot image file pxeghost.img that we just created. In the "options" tab, you can set the menu title and waiting time
select Save and name the saved PXE menu startup file pxemenu.pxe
clone the hard disk with ghost multicast
run the ghost multicast server, and the task name is restore. After setting, press the [accept clients] button. If the above steps are correct, you should be able to start PXE and join the task of multicast cloning. After all the target workstations are connected to this task, press the [send] button to start the cloning task<
4 use skills
use ghost to quickly format large partitions
nowadays, the capacity of hard disk is getting larger and larger, and each time to large partitions
The local IP address of virtual machine is different from that of host, which is for intranet (local area network). For external network, the local IP address of virtual machine and host is the same
the IP of the local machine is real, the IP in the virtual machine is virtual, and the virtual machine can be different from the real IP. Virtual machine technology is a new technology developed to solve the problem that the host is not enough to use. It allows to install multiple virtual systems on a real PC, which can switch between each other. It is convenient and practical. In practical application, it is mainly used for multi-user operation or testing. In fact, it is an image file similar to ghsot package on PC
the virtual machine is like another computer bridged to the computer, so the two systems are not related, just like two computers. You can also set the virtual machine to bridge mode, and then change the system IP of the virtual machine to the same network segment as the actual machine. The operating system of the virtual machine provides services just like a machine in the LAN
extended data:
advantages of virtual machine:
1. Flexibility:
virtual machine will provide maximum deployment flexibility. Virtual machines can be deployed almost anywhere, regardless of their operating system or host configuration. Windows system can host Linux based virtual machine, and vice versa
2. Security and isolation:
with the continuous maturity of container platform and the comprehensive support of more security tools, these concerns may be alleviated. However, from a simple fact, containerized applications can never achieve the same degree of isolation from virtual machines, so from a security point of view, containers can not completely match virtual machines. Virtual machines do not share each other's kernel or other basic system resources as containers do
2,10 minus 2 equals 8.10 minutes 2 is 8.
3, I prefer Chinese new year than any other festival? What was your weight a half year ago?< His parents have a Chinese restaurant in Newcastle? What do you think of this city?< I spent 15 minutes in sending an e-mail.
8, Peter has bought the car for 5 years.
9, the problem is too difficult to solve.
10, he knows the news like you!
(1) main board
the causes of computer failures are complicated and elusive. And because the components of Windows operating system are relatively complex, once the computer fails, it is almost impossible for ordinary users to find out the cause of the failure accurately. Is that to say that if we encounter computer failure, we will be completely helpless? In fact, this is not the case. Although there are many reasons for computer failure, as long as we carefully observe and sum up, we can still master some rules and treatment methods of computer failure. In this issue's pamphlet, we will show you some of the most common and typical computer fault diagnosis and maintenance methods. Through it, you will find that the solution to computer fault is around you, simple but effective
computers are made up of all kinds of accessories. Next, we will analyze the common faults according to the components of computers< The main board is the key part of the whole computer, which plays an important role in the computer. If the main board fails, it will affect the whole PC system. Next, let's take a look at the most common faults of the motherboard in use
common fault 1: no display when the computer is turned on
the first thing we need to check is BIOS. The BIOS of the motherboard stores important hardware data. At the same time, the BIOS is also a vulnerable part of the motherboard, which is vulnerable to damage. Once damaged, the system will be unable to run. This kind of failure is generally caused by the damage of the BIOS of the motherboard by CIH virus (of course, the failure of the motherboard itself will cause the system unable to run.). Generally, if the BIOS is damaged by virus, all the data in the hard disk will be lost, so we can judge whether the BIOS is damaged by detecting whether the hard disk data is intact. If the hard disk data is intact, there are three reasons for no display ring boot:
1, As a result, the motherboard does not respond and does not display when the expansion card such as sound card is inserted
2. If the CPU frequency of jumper free motherboard is not set correctly in CMOS, it may cause no display fault, which can be solved by clearing CMOS. The jumper to clear the CMOS is usually near the lithium battery of the motherboard, and its default position is generally 1 or 2 short circuit. Just switch it to 2 or 3 short circuit for a few seconds to solve the problem. For the old motherboard, if the user can't find the jumper, just remove the battery, wait for the power on display to enter the CMOS setting, and then turn off the battery, so as to achieve the purpose of CMOS discharge
3. The main board can't recognize the memory, the memory is damaged or the memory doesn't match, which will also lead to the failure of no display when the power is on. Some old motherboards are picky about memory. Once you plug in the memory that the motherboard can't recognize, the motherboard can't start, and even some motherboards don't give you any fault tips (beeps). Of course, sometimes in order to expand the memory to improve the performance of the system, inserting different brands and types of memory will also lead to such failures. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the maintenance
if the BIOS of the motherboard is damaged, we can plug in the ISA graphics card to see if it is displayed (if there is a prompt, you can follow the prompt steps.), If there is no boot screen, you can make a floppy disk to automatically update the BIOS and refresh the BIOS again. However, when some motherboard BIOS is damaged, the floppy drive does not work at all. At this time, you can try to solve it by hot swap (I have tried, as long as the BIOS is the same, you can successfully burn it in the motherboard of the same level.). But using hot plug and unplug requires the same BIOS, it may also cause damage to some components of the motherboard, so a reliable method is to use the code writer to write the BIOS update file into the BIOS (it's safer to find a computer provider with this service)<
common fault 2: the CMOS settings cannot be saved
this kind of fault is generally caused by the insufficient voltage of the main board battery, which can be replaced, but some main board batteries can not solve the problem after replacement. There are two possibilities at this time:
1
2. There is a problem with the CMOS jumper on the motherboard. Sometimes the CMOS jumper on the motherboard is set to the clear option by mistake, or it is set to the external battery, so that the CMOS data cannot be saved
the third common fault: after installing the motherboard driver in windows, the system crashes or the CD-ROM reading speed slows down.
this kind of phenomenon sometimes occurs on some miscellaneous motherboards. After installing the motherboard driver, the computer can't enter the Windows 98 desktop in normal mode, and the driver can't be unloaded in Windows 98. If this happens, it is recommended to find the latest driver and install it again. Generally, the problem can be solved. If it really can't, you can only install the system again
common fault 4: the mouse is not available when installing or starting windows
the software cause of this kind of fault is generally caused by CMOS setting error. There is a modem Use IRQ item in the power management bar of CMOS settings. Its options are 3, 4, 5... And Na respectively. Generally, its default option is 3. Just set it to an interrupt item other than 3
common fault 5: the computer crashes frequently, and there will be a crash phenomenon when setting the CMOS
in CMOS, there is a crash phenomenon, generally the main board or CPU has a problem. If you can't solve the problem by pressing the following method, you have to replace the main board or CPU
this kind of failure is generally caused by the problem of the motherboard cache or the poor heat dissipation of the motherboard design. The author found that the failure was caused by the poor heat dissipation of the motherboard on the 815EP motherboard. After the crash, touch the motherboard components around the CPU and find that the temperature is very hot. After replacing the high-power fan, the crash problem was solved. If there is a problem with the cache, we can go to the CMOS setting. After the cache is disabled, the problem can be solved smoothly. Of course, the speed will be affected after the cache is disabled
common fault 6: the main board COM port or parallel port, IDE port failure
this kind of fault is generally caused by the user hot plug related hardware, at this time, the user can use the multi-function card instead, but before replacing, the COM port and parallel port on the main board must be prohibited (some main boards even ide ports must be prohibited before they can be used normally)< Memory is one of the most important accessories in a computer. Its function is beyond doubt. What are the most common faults of memory
common fault 1: there is no display when the machine is turned on
this kind of fault is generally caused by the poor contact between the memory mole and the main board memory slot. As long as you use an eraser to wipe the golden finger back and forth, you can solve the problem (do not clean it with alcohol, etc.), and the memory damage or the main board memory slot problem can also cause this kind of fault
e to the memory mole, there is no display failure when starting up, and the host speaker usually beeps for a long time (for award BIOS)
common fault 2: the windows registry is often damaged for no reason, prompting the user to recover.
this kind of fault is generally caused by the poor quality of the memory mole, which is difficult to repair, so it is necessary to replace it
common fault 3: windows often automatically enters the safe mode
this kind of fault is generally caused by the incompatibility between the motherboard and the memory mole or the poor quality of the memory mole. It is common for high-frequency memory to be used on some motherboards that do not support this frequency memory mole. You can try to rece the memory reading speed in the CMOS setting to see whether the problem can be solved. If not, you can't use it, Then we have to replace the memory mole
common fault 4: random crash
this kind of fault is generally e to the use of memory moles of several different chips. Due to the different speed of each memory mole, there is a time difference, which leads to the crash. This can be solved by recing the memory speed in the CMOS setting. Otherwise, the same type of memory can only be used. Another possibility is that the memory mole is not compatible with the motherboard, which is generally rare. In addition, it is also possible that the poor contact between the memory mole and the motherboard causes the computer to crash randomly
common fault 5: the system resources decrease after the memory increases
this kind of phenomenon is generally caused by the incompatibility between the motherboard and memory. It is common that high frequency memory moles are used on some motherboards that do not support this frequency memory mole. When such a fault occurs, you can try to set the memory speed lower in COMS
common fault 6: when running some software, the prompt of insufficient memory often appears
this phenomenon is generally caused by insufficient space left on the system disk. You can delete some useless files and leave more space, which is generally about 300m
common fault 7: when windows is booted from the hard disk to detect the disk space, the system prompts that the memory is insufficient
this kind of fault is generally e to the user adding emm386.exe file to the config.sys file, which can be solved as long as it is masked< (3) hard disk part 3. Hard disk is the software warehouse responsible for storing our data. If the failure of hard disk is not handled properly, it will lead to the failure of system startup and the loss of data. So, how should we deal with the common failure of hard disk
common fault 1: the system doesn't recognize the hard disk
the system can't boot from the hard disk, it can't boot from disk a into disk C, and it can't find the existence of the hard disk by using the automatic monitoring function in CMOS. This kind of fault mostly occurs in the connecting cable or IDE port, and the possibility of the hard disk itself is not very big. You can quickly find the fault by re plugging the hard disk cable or changing the IDE port and cable for replacement test. If the newly connected hard disk is not accepted, a common reason is the master-slave jumper on the hard disk. If two hard disk devices are connected to an IDE hard disk line, the master-slave relationship should be distinguished
common fault 2: hard disk cannot be read or written or recognized
this kind of fault is generally caused by CMOS setting fault. The correct type of hard disk in CMOS directly affects the normal use of hard disk. Today's machines support the function of "ide auto detect", which can automatically detect the type of hard disk. When the hard disk type is wrong, sometimes the system can not be started at all, sometimes it can be started, but there will be read-write errors. For example, if the hard disk type in CMOS is less than the actual hard disk capacity, the sector behind the hard disk will not be able to read and write, and if it is multi partition state, indivial partitions will be lost. There is also an important reason for the failure. Because the current ide supports logical parameter types, the hard disk can adopt "normal, LBA, large" and so on. If the data is installed in the general mode and changed to other modes in CMOS, the read-write error of the hard disk will occur. Because its mapping relationship has changed, the original correct hard disk location cannot be read
three common faults: the system can not be started
this fault is usually caused by the following four reasons:
1. The main boot program is damaged
2. Partition table is damaged
3. Partition significant bit error
4
