How to decentralize purchasing

1. According to Hou Jietai: the so-called centralization refers to subtracting the mean value of a variable from its expected value. For sample data, each observation value of a variable is subtracted from the sample average value of the variable, and the transformed variable is centralized
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.

2. There are two problems. One is how to coordinate and maintain the relationship between the purchasing department and the quality department. The second is whether the proct should focus on cost or quality? First of all, let's talk about the second question. If we want to make it clear whether we should focus on the cost of purchasing or the quality of procts, we should first analyze whether your customers pay attention to the cost or the quality when purchasing. You need to know that the foundation of each enterprise is different, so you need to understand the decision-making thinking of the other enterprise. The decision-maker of purchasing is influenced by the decision-making thinking of this enterprise. For example, if they focus on quality leadership, they will give priority to proct quality when purchasing. An enterprise's decision-making thinking will not change because of people's will, so this level will definitely become a decisive factor affecting procurement. Another problem is how to coordinate and maintain the relationship between purchasing department and quality department. First of all, we should understand that e to the different responsibilities of the purchasing department and the quality department, they are more likely to have conflicts. If you meet the customer's purchasing needs, but at the same time there are two other suppliers also meet the needs, then the customer's decision on which proct to purchase depends on the consensus of the two departments. When coordinating and maintaining the relationship between the purchasing department and the quality department, the first principle is that you should not get involved in the relationship between the two departments. The second is to identify whether they have personal interests involved in this procurement. The benefit here does not mean money. For example, because the cost of the purchasing department is limited, the quality of the procts is not good enough, which is very difficult for the quality director. Let me give you an example. There is an enterprise that needs to purchase a batch of components. Their purchasing department does not have high requirements for proct quality. However, after the samples are sent, the manager in charge of the quality department always thinks that the proct quality is not good enough. In fact, objectively speaking, the quality of this batch of procts is up to standard. It's just that components and components are prone to failure, but this is also a normal phenomenon. The purchase price of the procts has been discussed, but the general manager of the quality department insists that the quality is not up to standard. Later, after a detailed understanding of the suppliers of these components, it was found that the boss of the quality department was a very conscientious and responsible person. The proction line of their enterprise was integrated. As long as the components had problems, the whole proction line would be shut down, and the result of the shutdown was that the boss could not complete his assessment. This issue involves his personal interests. After understanding this situation, the supplier provides a solution, that is, every time the components need to be on the proction line, a team will be sent to help them optimize the procts again, so as to ensure that the proction line will not be shut down e to the problems of components. So, in the end, the deal went smoothly. This article is compiled by the national vocational qualification training center for purchasing engineers. Please indicate the source for reprint.

3.

Buyer, also known as buyer, buyer, or fashion buyer, etc

Job Responsibilities:

1. Obey the distribution and command, and strictly abide by the company's rules and regulations and relevant regulations

2. Responsible for purchasing materials and equipment of the company

3. Check the quality and quantity of purchased materials

4. Have the right to reject the purchase order without the approval of the leader

5

Responsible for keeping the necessary original records of purchasing, making statistics and reporting regularly

7

There should be a purchase order for the purchased materials and equipment and report it to the purchasing supervisor

9. Assist in material purchasing work

10. Responsible for the formulation and adjustment of the structure of this category of commodities

11. Complete the company's indicators: turnover, gross profit, turnover rate, etc

12. Responsible for the classification and coding of this category

Responsible for formulating commodity gross profit plan and commodity price, and unified management of commodity price

Responsible for supplier development and negotiation with suppliers, introcing competitive procts that can bring profits to the company

15. Responsible for the management of non operating income and the tracking of payment

Responsible for the selection of promotional procts and negotiation with manufacturers, and assist stores and planning departments to carry out relevant promotional activities

17. Responsible for new proct trial distribution and unified allocation management of commodity sales in each store

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extended data:

application conditions

(1) continuously engaged in this occupation for more than 3 years, after regular training of the purchaser, reaching the required standard class hours, and obtaining the completion certificate

(2) college degree (or above) in related major, regular training of purchasers, standard class hours and completion certificate

the purchaser designates the registration institution, i.e. the professional qualification certificate examination center of the purchaser

reference: buyer_ Network

4. Purchasing centralization is the centralization of purchasing power, which centralizes the purchasing power scattered in all branches and departments to the company headquarters, so as to achieve scale advantage, rece purchasing cost and rece purchasing loopholes.

5.

1. The unit puts forward the purchase plan and reports it to the business department in charge of the Municipal Finance Bureau for budget review

2

The procurement office shall examine and approve and summarize the procurement plan according to the government procurement system. The procurement of general goods shall be entrusted to the government procurement center, and the procurement of special goods can be entrusted to the unit itself

4. The government procurement center makes the bidding document and sends it to the purchasing unit for confirmation

5. The government procurement center issues bidding announcement or invitation, sells bidding documents, organizes bidding and presides over bid opening

6. The bid evaluation committee concts the bid evaluation and selects the pre winning suppliers. After confirmation by the purchasing unit, determine the winning supplier

7

8. After the successful supplier performs the contract, the purchasing office and the purchasing unit accept the contract (experts should participate in the acceptance of the purchasing project with high technical requirements), and the purchasing unit sends the contract, the original supply invoice and the "opinions form of the purchasing unit's acceptance items" to the purchasing center for payment

9. The government procurement center shall complete the proceres and send them to the procurement office as the basis for payment to suppliers

10. The purchasing unit is included in the fixed assets account

11. After the bidding activity, the purchasing department should establish files, including the pre tender information, evaluation results, legal certificates, notarized information, bidding scheme, etc

6. To sum up the practices of many centralized procurement agencies, the government procurement center should focus on the following four measures to improve the efficiency of government procurement
first, shorten the working hours and improve the efficiency of government procurement from the operation of specific procurement links. This is a direct means to improve the efficiency of government procurement, which can have an immediate effect. The first is to shorten the working time in the link of government procurement budget summary, which will shorten the original summary time of one month to 20 days or half a month by using computer or advanced software; The second is to shorten the working time in the qualification examination of government procurement suppliers
there are three ways: 1) changing the examination method, changing the original method of one qualification examination for each bidding procurement to one centralized examination once a year, so as to save the examination time for each procurement
2. Resource sharing can be used to save the time of qualification examination for suppliers. Generally, the information database of government procurement suppliers established by the government procurement center at the next higher level or the government procurement center in the surrounding areas can be used to save the time of qualification examination
③ a daily declaration system for government procurement suppliers can also be established, so that the qualification of the declared suppliers can be examined in normal time, and there is no need to spend special time or wait until they participate in the bidding
the third is to shorten the time of purchasing document making. Mainly in the proction of bidding documents or competitive negotiation documents, we can train specialized personnel or hire experts to proce them, or several comrades with better professional skills in this field can operate together, which can greatly save the proction time of bidding documents, competitive negotiation documents and other procurement documents. Fourthly, in the process of bid evaluation, measures can be taken to shorten the time of bid evaluation to improve the efficiency of government procurement. The measures are as follows: on the one hand, it is necessary to choose the appropriate bid evaluation method. Practice has proved that using the appropriate bid evaluation method can get twice the result with half the effort; on the other hand, if the method is not appropriate, it will get twice the result with half the effort, which is a waste of time and can not guarantee the quality of procurement; On the other hand, we should make full preparations for the bid evaluation, including the preparation of places, computers and office supplies, so as to avoid the lack of this and that, which will affect the efficiency of bid evaluation< Second, optimize the internal organizational structure and improve the efficiency of government procurement from the sound and efficient internal working mechanism
first, straighten out the internal organization, change the "small and comprehensive" internal organization setup pattern to "one-stop" internal organization setup pattern for project procurement, effectively shorten the internal turnover time of "one-time procurement". It is to change the current situation that some government procurement centers have relatively detailed internal organization settings. For example, some government procurement centers have set up business reception room, inquiry procurement section, bidding procurement section, designated procurement section, office, procurement quality supervision section and so on. In this way, a procurement business is undertaken by the business reception room, handed over to the office, and then summarized by the office and handed over to the director, It is not only troublesome but also a waste of time for directors to assign to relevant business departments. Internal organizations should be directly set up as business department 1, business department 2, office and director's office. Business departments can directly accept purchasing business and rece turnover time
the second is to clarify the functions of internal institutions, so as to avoid unclear functions and mutual wrangling, which will affect the efficiency of government procurement. We should not only define the work function and scope of each internal organization in the form of fixed staff and fixed post, but also define the specific work scope and responsibilities of each business personnel in the form of post responsibility system. Only in this way can we effectively avoid mutual dependence and buck passing, and really promote the improvement of procurement efficiency
thirdly, improve the internal working system to promote the efficiency of government procurement. We should mainly establish and improve eight systems, including business reception system, economic responsibility system, internal working proceres, working rules, quality control system, assessment system, file management system and supervision and inspection system. The established system should be quantified and refined as much as possible, and the specific time limit should be made clear if there is a time limit. Otherwise, the time limit should be determined, We can not promote the improvement of procurement efficiency through institutional constraints
Third, strengthen business training to improve the efficiency of government procurement from enhancing the professional skills of employees. In reality, some government procurement centers can organize a procurement activity in three to five days, while some government procurement centers can't prepare a procurement activity in ten days or half a month. One of the main reasons is that the professional quality of the employees is not high and their professional skills are not proficient. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the professional training of the employees. First of all, we should carry out normal business training, that is, we should organize business training regularly, arrange various skills training into several training cycles, and then organize them phase by phase. Only in this way can we effectively improve the business skills of employees; Secondly, we should promote the learning of business skills by carrying out the activity of "creating first-class performance and striving for skills first", and then promote the employees of government procurement center to actively participate in business skills training by carrying out business skills competitions of various projects, such as bidding competition; Thirdly, we should establish a further ecation system to send the employees of the government procurement center to higher ecation institutions or the government procurement center at the next higher level or the advanced government procurement center for further ecation and training by stages and in batches. In this way, the business skills and government procurement efficiency of the government procurement center will be significantly improved in a few years; Fourth, we should pay attention to the quality of training throughout the training work of the government procurement center. Only in this way can we continuously improve the professional quality of employees and the efficiency of government procurement through training
Fourth, we should promote new procurement means to improve the efficiency of government procurement. The practice of government procurement at home and abroad has proved that centralized procurement agencies can significantly improve the efficiency of government procurement by implementing advanced procurement methods. For example, the current domestic and foreign popular agreement supply procurement can improve the efficiency of government procurement from three aspects. The first is to rece the repeated bidding, which reces the multiple purchasing time and multiple inquiry purchasing of many units, and reces the purchasing link to the maximum extent, so as to shorten the purchasing time of some units; Secondly, the cost of government procurement is reced, which greatly improves the scale efficiency of government procurement. After the implementation of the agreement supply procurement mode, the government procurement center does not need to conct qualification examination on suppliers many times, make bidding documents and organize bidding activities many times; Thirdly, by adopting the mode of "agreement supply", we can sign a contract at one time and supply goods for a long time, so as to meet the diversity and timeliness requirements of the majority of buyers. For another example, the implementation of e-procurement can not only rece the procurement cost by 30%, but also greatly shorten the procurement time. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of government procurement in the short term, the government procurement center must vigorously implement the advanced government procurement methods of "agreement supply" and "e-procurement".

7.

Suning Electric, founded in Nanjing, China in 1990, is the leader of China's 3C (home appliances, it, consumer electronics) home appliance chain retail enterprises. It is one of the "15 large-scale commercial enterprise groups" cultivated by the Ministry of Commerce of the people's Republic of China. It is the largest commercial retail enterprise in China. It ranks among the top three Chinese private enterprises and the 51st among the top 500 Chinese enterprises, The brand value is 72.816 billion yuan. In July 2004, Suning Electric (002024) was listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange, becoming the first domestic home appliance chain enterprise with IPO, and its market value ranks in the forefront of global home appliance chain enterprises. In 2011, the sales volume is expected to reach 180 billion yuan, with 170000 employees at present. In line with the development policy of steady, rapid and standardized replication, Suning Electric adopts the three-dimensional development mode of "rent, build, purchase and merge". In 2009, through overseas M & A, Suning entered the Hong Kong and Japan markets to expand its international development path. By the end of 2011, Suning had opened nearly 1700 chain stores in more than 300 cities in Chinese mainland city. At the same time, Suning Electric insists on the synchronous development of online and offline. Since 2010, its e-commerce platform "Suning e-buy" has been upgraded and launched, its proct line has expanded from home appliances to department stores, books, virtual procts, etc., rapidly ranking among the top three B2C brands in China, with the target of sales of 300 billion yuan by 2020, becoming China's leading B2C brand

it's very good to work in the purchasing department. It's a big regular company. Now Suning is hot in advertising in the south, and Gome has more historical strength. When it comes to future development, I feel that Suning should be better than China in business

8. The purpose of purchasing is to spend the least money to buy the most valuable things

nothing more than: price, delivery time, quality and service

9.

Fixed point procurement usually refers to the procurement agency through bidding, comprehensive consideration of proct quality, price and after-sales service and other factors, select one or several fixed-point suppliers, sign fixed-point procurement agreement with fixed-point suppliers, and the fixed-point suppliers provide relevant procts within the fixed-point period according to the agreement

application method and enterprise qualification:

method:

after seeing the relevant bidding information, see whether you are qualified to participate in the bidding. If you can, you can bring the materials and bidding documents specified in the bidding information to participate. This needs to be reviewed in the middle of the audit, and then according to the relevant provisions to select a supplier

qualification:

fixed point purchasing also needs qualification and regulations. Generally, fixed-point bidding or other means (competitive negotiation, etc.) will be open. But your procts must be in the Beijing local procurement directory, if it is a central state organ, it needs to enter the central procurement directory. There is also a fixed-point purchase amount limit standard, how much more than ten thousand can be fixed-point

now back to your point, first of all, you should meet the supplier qualification stipulated in the government procurement law. For example, the enterprise has no major illegal business activities within three years. You can refer to the relevant provisions of the government procurement law

in general, fixed-point purchasing requires enterprises to have a certain scale. If it is purchased from a certain instry, priority will be given to those listed in the energy conservation and environmental protection list

preparation:

the tender documents shall include the following main contents:

(1) tender documents and attachments

(2) qualification certificate of legal representative

(3) power of attorney (when the legal representative attends and signs the document, it is not necessary to provide it)

(4) supporting materials:

1. Copies of business license and official seal

2. Present the basic information and main performance information of the enterprise (a list of the main businesses undertaken in the past two years and at present)

Other data

extended data:

fixed point procurement is characterized by light workload, one-time procurement, long-term supply and service, and easy operation. The purchase efficiency is high and the payment is convenient

first, from the perspective of government management departments, the suppliers are determined through a single bidding. When the government needs certain goods, it can directly sign a number of contracts with designated suppliers, which simplifies the complex and time-consuming bidding process, improves work efficiency, saves a lot of procurement funds and facilitates management

Second, for suppliers, & quot; Government procurement & quot; It is a potential big market. They have a strong interest. By increasing investment, using equipment or expanding business scale, changing business philosophy, improving the quality and management level of newspaper service, and actively participating in competition, they not only prosper the market, but also promote economic development

Thirdly, for fixed-point businesses, although the price is lowered and the profit of commodity price is reced ring bidding, fixed-point businesses increase the sales volume, and their economic benefits will only be improved. At the same time, they are determined as fixed-point businesses through competition, which also improves their reputation and social influence; Fourth, for the purchasing units, the fixed-point units have fixed location, relatively close distance, low commodity price, reliable quality and excellent service. It is not only convenient to purchase, easy to use, but also saves a lot of purchasing costs