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Stata decentralization command

Publish: 2021-04-23 16:43:18
1. According to Hou Jietai: the so-called centralization refers to subtracting the mean value of a variable from its expected value. For sample data, each observation value of a variable is subtracted from the sample average value of the variable, and the transformed variable is centralized
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.
2.

From the perspective of Internet development, decentralization is the form of social relationship and content generation formed in the process of Internet development, and is a new network content proction process relative to "centralization"
compared with the early Internet (WEB 1.0) era, today's Internet (Web 2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is the result of the joint participation and equal power of all Internet users. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together
with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model becomes more and more clear and possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together
since then, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 have become more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, has made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified
from the perspective of astronomy, decentralization refers to the fact that the universe has no center, that is, a boundless mass without a central point

3. Only iron pick can dig ore and water in the mine cave. It's better to bring some wood and a fire into the mine cave. You can only knock round stones by the river to have a small chance to proce iron ore. The Iron pick is not useful for iron ore. It's the same to decide what equipment you wear. The iron spear and crossbow must be available, and then according to the cold and hot conditions of the mine cave you want to go to at that time
4.

The cost of mining equipment is mainly mining equipment cost, electricity cost, time cost (technology network cost is ignored)

I. mining equipment cost

with the popularity of bitcoin, more and more people join in mining, and the difficulty of mining also increases. Mining equipment is also developed from ordinary computer to professional mining machine, and mining machine cost fluctuates, If the currency price is high, the cost will be high, and if the currency price is low, the cost will be lower

and the prices of bitcoin machines with different models and parameters are also different. At present, the well-known bitcoin machines on the market are ant S9 and Shenma m3. The current price of bitcoin is 50000, and the cost is less than 10000

Electricity cost and technical management electricity cost is also a very important cost for mining. The power consumption of bitcoin mining machine is relatively large, which will inevitably proce a large amount of electricity cost when the mining machine is running 24 hours, while the cost of household electricity is relatively high, so the current trend of mining is transformed into the centralized mining of large mines, Generally, the electricity price will be lower and cheaper than that at home, and the mine has professional technicians to solve certain technical problems

if you want to know more about the mining field, please send me a private message

if you want to know more about the mining field, you can send me a private message

5.

Decentralization means no center

extended meaning: with the deepening of the interaction between subject and object, the continuous balance of cognitive function and the continuous improvement of cognitive structure, the indivial can be released from the egocentric state, which Piaget calls decentralization

This kind of open, flat and equal system phenomenon or structure is called decentralization

extended data:

in a system with many nodes, each node has the characteristics of high degree of autonomy. Nodes can connect freely to each other to form a new connection unit. Any node may become the stage center, but it does not have the mandatory central control function. The influence between nodes will form nonlinear causality through the network. This open, flat and equal system phenomenon or structure is called decentralization

with the deepening of the interaction between subject and object, the constant balance of cognitive function and the continuous improvement of cognitive structure, the indivial can be released from the egocentric state, which is called decentralization

6.

Sort instruction is the sort instruction of Stata database maintenance. Tsset is defined as a time series data. If you want to define year as a time variable for the data file, enter the command: tsset year

Stata is a complete and integrated statistical software which provides users with data analysis, data management and drawing professional charts. It provides many functions, including linear mixed model, balanced repetitive model and polynomial proby model


{rrrrrrr}

extended data

statistical function

Stata has strong statistical function. In addition to the traditional statistical analysis methods, it also collects new methods developed in recent 20 years, such as Cox proportional hazard regression, index and Weibull regression, logistic regression of multiple results and ordered results, Poisson regression, Negative binomial regression and generalized negative binomial regression, random effect model, etc. Specifically, Stata has the following statistical analysis capabilities:

General Analysis of numerical variable data: parameter estimation, t-test, one-way and multi factor analysis of variance, covariance analysis, interaction effect model, balanced and unbalanced design, nested design, random effect, pairwise comparison of multiple means, processing of missing data, homogeneity test of variance, normality test, Variable transformation, etc

General analysis of classification data: parameter estimation, contingency table analysis (contingency coefficient, exact probability), epidemiological table analysis, etc

Correlation and regression analysis: simple correlation, partial correlation, canonical correlation, as well as dozens of regression analysis methods, such as multiple linear regression, stepwise regression, weighted regression, stable regression, two-stage regression, percentile (median) regression, resial analysis, strong influence point analysis, Curve fitting, linear regression model of random effect, etc

Other methods: quality control, design efficiency of cluster sampling, diagnostic test evaluation, kappa, etc

7.

1. Format X1% 10.3f -- fix the column width of X1 to 10, and take three places after the decimal point

2, format X1% 10.3G -- fix the column width of X1 to 10, and take three significant digits

3, format X1% 10.3e -- fix the column width of X1 to 10 and use scientific counting method

4, format X1% 10.3fc -- fix the column width of X1 to 10, take three decimal places after the decimal point, and add the thousandth separator

5, format X1% 10.3gc -- fix the column width of X1 to 10, take three significant digits, and add the thousandth separator

6, format X1% - 10.3gc -- fix the column width of X1 to 10, take three significant digits, add a thousandth separator, and add "-" to indicate left alignment

7, generate -- the command to generate a new variable. Note: the variable name can only be in English and numbers, and if there are both English and numbers in the name, it must start with English

8, drop -- the command to remove the variable. If you want to remove the variable Z, you can enter the command: drop Z

9. Twoway (scatter y x) (lfit y x) - draw the fitting line. Note: the initial letter twoway of this command can also be abbreviated as tw

10, scatter y X -- draw a scatter diagram. Note: in many Stata commands, the dependent variable is usually placed in front of the independent variable

8. Robust regression can be considered. This method can be used when there is outlier but there is no convincing reason to remove it. Command: rreg
9. Stata iterative convergence means that the subtraction result of two calculations is less than e-9 power (stata11 is the default), which is a very small value. You have 1049 iterations, and there is no convergence. In fact, either you have no patience to wait, or you have no data processing, such as the existence of outliers, or your data has no way to converge. But the convergence is basically concentrated at -6023.412, and there is no big data jump. It proves that your data can still converge, but it may take a long time to converge. There are two solutions. One is to modify the negative 9th power of e to make it less accurate. In fact, your convergence has been iterating at -6023.412, It may be that there is a slight difference in several digits after the decimal point, which does not meet the default standard of Stata, so it has been iterating. The second method can directly set the number of iterations. For example, in MLE estimation, the command is ml max, iterate (100), and 100 iterations are set. When 100 iterations are reached, the result will be automatically stopped and reported, but this result cannot be presented in paper.
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