How to calculate the forming force

1. bitcoin mining is a process of using computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for bitcoin network to confirm transactions and improve security. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created bitcoin. Mining is a professional and competitive market. The bonus is divided according to the amount of calculation

the mining method of ant miner is the same as that of Avalon miner, but at present, you need to join a mining pool for mining. If you use your 180g miner to dig ore alone, it is difficult to dig bitcoin.

2. The concept of the Internet of things has been put forward for many years. In recent years, with the popularity of big data and artificial intelligence, the Internet of things seems to fade out of people's vision. However, as a relatively mature technology, the Internet of things has been deeply implemented in instry. Many domestic instrial companies have launched IOT concept network in a shares and US shares. What are the instrial IOT concept stocks in 2018? Let's take a look at it today
PTC (NASDAQ: PTC) recently announced the publication of a series of research reports on the status of instrial innovation, which are published twice a year. Based on the data of PTC customer base, this series of reports provides objective analysis of the current development status and future promotion plans of instrial Internet of things (IOT) and augmented reality (AR) technology. Each report examines the instries that drive the popularity of these two technologies, the functions and use cases deployed across the blockchain, and the types of business value they bring
Mike Campbell, executive vice president of thingworx platform of PTC, said: "with the continuous maturity of the technology and business model of instrial Internet of things and AR, its popularity will show a rising trend. PTC combines market experience and massive penetration data to truly examine these rapidly evolving markets from a comprehensive perspective. "
as described in the "status quo of instrial Internet of things" and "status quo of instrial augmented reality", instrial Internet of things and Ar are no longer just promising emerging technologies. In 2018, investing in such technologies has become a key strategy for many organizations, especially for technology stocks that involve complex manufacturing and operational processes. Among the PTC customers who have adopted the instrial Internet of things or AR technology, 83% and 85% of the instrial Internet of things users and AR users have migrated to the full-scale proction environment or plan to complete the migration in the next 12 months, respectively< The main points of the report are as follows:
current situation of instrial Internet of things
1. At present, the instrial Internet of things is mainly used by large proct manufacturers in instrial procts (25%), electronics and high technology (22%), automobile (13%) and aerospace and national defense (11%)
2. The economic potential of instrial Internet of things has attracted the attention of the international community, and has spawned some global initiatives aimed at promoting the development of global instrial Internet of things< At present, most of the solutions are used in manufacturing and operation (48%), and the collected data can be used to improve the process, forecast the maintenance demand and improve the overall operation efficiency
Instrial Internet of things is no longer an emerging technology - it has developed into a mature and widely recognized stage. The instrial Internet of things is now being deployed in large quantities, involving a wide range of functions from proct development to manufacturing and services
current situation of instrial augmented reality
instries such as instrial procts (21%), automobile (11%), aerospace and national defense (8%) are leading the initial popularization of AR
AR is widely used in all aspects of the value chain, especially in service (19%) and manufacturing (18%)
AR can become a powerful tool for operation tips and guidance, thus providing an entry point for many organizations, especially those instries involving hundreds of key processes, such as real-time monitoring and improving equipment overall efficiency (OEE)
large scale investment in underlying hardware and software technology will promote ar penetration to a critical point, so that pilot projects can quickly migrate to the full proction environment< Relevant concept stocks:
000701 Xiamen Xinda: the first batch of partners of Alibaba IOT platform
300203 focus technology: the company signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with the people's Government of Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, to build "smart environment cloud data center", "smart environment decision-making and public service platform", "smart environment emergency command and scheling platform" and "atmospheric haze pollution monitoring and warning platform"
300007 Hanwei Technology: the leader of domestic gas sensors, mass proction of flow and pressure sensors, establishment of municipal gas IOT network subsidiary; 51% equity of Shenzhen Mingzi IOT Technology Co., Ltd
000851 Gaohong: at present, Datang Gaohong has clearly focused on the development of RFID Business in logistics application and value-added application of the combination of RFID and TD
002881 megger Intelligence: main business: wireless sensor network system solutions, MEMS sensor chips< Haitong news: the company is the largest supplier of communication network physical connection equipment in China
300590 move to communication: the company brings together technical experts and business elites in the field of wireless communication technology, and is a leading provider of wireless Internet of things devices and solutions in the instry
300259 Xintian Technology: xiongan + Alibaba Internet of things, al concept
300205 Tianyu Information: a leading provider of procts and solutions in the field of data security in China
300286 ankerui: the main manufacturer of intelligent power monitoring system and instrument for domestic instrial and mining enterprises
600271 Aerospace Information: committed to the research and development of IOT chip
002474 Rongji software: signed a memoranm of cooperation with Huawei and Fuzhou municipal government to jointly promote the construction of the first NB IOT Experimental Bureau in China
300131 Yingtang Zhikong: Fengtang IOT, the holding subsidiary of the company, and Tencent technology signed a cooperation framework agreement on procts and services of Internet of things
000997 New World: Taking the Internet of things as the main line, the company realizes "one main" (core technology of Internet of things perception and identification, key procts of Internet of things) "two wings" (Internet of things application and Internet of things business model innovation)
000682 Dongfang Electronics: Dongfang Electronics Group has a strong RFID instry in the core area of the Internet of things, with an authentic "Internet of things" concept
002047 BAOYING shares: it plans to increase the capital of Shenzhen guochuang Zhilian Network System Co., Ltd. with 100 million yuan in cash to obtain 20% equity. Guochuang Zhilian has LTE wireless smart city solution, wireless broadband private network system and terminal equipment, and provides solutions for government affairs and police private network, instrial Internet of things and smart city construction
002161 yuanwanggu: the company has invested in five Internet of things projects such as intelligent tracking device of railway train number
002093 Guomai Technology: the company has its own cloud platform, mass storage and big data solutions with independent intellectual property rights, and is deeply involved in the big data cloud computing of the Internet of things
300638 guanghetong: focus on the wireless communication field of Internet of things and mobile Internet, independently design and develop fibocom brand procts
300183 Neusoft carrier: chip level equipment manufacturing, benefiting from the chip demand brought by the development of Internet of things
300310 Yitong century: cooperate with Jasper, the world's best Internet of things platform, to provide Telecom grade Internet of things connection
000063 ZTE: NB IOT chip design leader 4G, 5g<
300066 Sanchuan wisdom: a leading enterprise in smart water instry in China, and at the same time marching into the big data field of Internet of things
002017 Dongxin Heping: its business scope is involved in many smart card application fields such as identity recognition and RFID (electronic tag)
300259 Xintian Technology: the company has researched and reserved nb-iot technology in the early stage, and its procts use narrowband Internet of things technology<
600100 Tongfang Co., Ltd.: the company is a supplier and system integrator of smart card and RF technology procts. Its procts involve the design and supply of IC chips such as ID, telecom, financial payment, information security, etc
002711 oupu: the company's "ground network", "Sky Network" and "Golden Network" three networks in one strategic layout
300275 mayanson: the security monitoring technology of Internet of things is leading in the instry. With the "security application of Internet of things instry", it actively arranges many emerging businesses with huge development space, such as urban pipe network and gas safety, environmental protection emergency, public security fire protection, structural safety, safety cloud service, etc
300456 Neville Technology: acquired celex MEMS foundry (the world's largest), raised 750 million yuan to build an 8-inch MEMS proction line in Beijing<
300458 Quan Technology: the design manufacturer of intelligent application processor SOC and intelligent analog chip
300098 Gao Xinxing: Guangzhou Zhixing IOT, the holding subsidiary, mainly provides IOT solutions for operators from the development of IOT related business platforms and procts, and participates in the operation and security of operators' IOT business cooperation
300101 core technology: MEMS Integrated Navigation: MEMS gyroscope and accelerometer
000727 East China Technology: East China technology is one of the core sensor manufacturers in the Internet of things instry
the above is the details of instrial IOT concept stocks in 2018. It can be seen that there are still many companies involved in IOT, and IOT will become a common technology in proction. If you still have more to say, you might as well take a look at the stock market knowledge with Xiaobian. More information is available on weishang times
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3. I don't know about this,
I know this, I hope it can be useful to you

stamping forming
this technology uses punch and die to proce the required shape. The punch press can be mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission, but it is better to use hydraulic transmission when deep drawing, because the hydraulic punch press can provide full load pressure on the whole stroke
the vast majority of traditional technologies can be used for stainless steel stamping, but don't forget that the force required for stamping stainless steel is 60% greater than that for stamping low carbon steel. Obviously, the press frame should be able to withstand such a large force. Moreover, it is very important to solve the scratch, especially the scratch caused by high friction and high temperature when stamping stainless steel. The commonly used soap or emulsion is not effective and should be consulted. If oil containing extra high pressure (EP) additive is used, the additive should be removed after stamping because it can cause corrosion
e to the high cost of mold processing, this technology is only used in mass proction.

4. Pressure forming HRF; SSl1rP Tpl' 1311i1}, also known as pressure forming. It is a method that the plastic sheet is thermoformed to obtain the required procts, and the forming pressure and demoulding force are all from compressed air. The sheet is clamped in the mold for H, heated to a certain temperature, softened, and then compressed air is used to make it fit with the mold surface. After cooling, compressed air is used to blow out the proct through the bottom of the mold.

5. Cutting force refers to the force proced in the chip cutting process, which acts on the workpiece and tool in the same size and opposite direction. Popular speaking: in the cutting process, the workpiece material resistance tool cutting resistance. It has three vertical components: 1. Cutting force (main cutting force) Fe: component force in the main direction of motion. It is an important basis for checking and selecting the power of the machine tool, checking and designing the main motion of the machine tool, the strength and rigidity of the tool and fixture. 2. Back force (cutting depth resistance) FP: component force perpendicular to the working plane. It is the main reason that affects machining accuracy and surface roughness. 3, feed force (feed resistance) Ff: the awesome force in the direction of feed motion. It is the main basis for checking the feed strength.

6.

Blanking force is the pressure exerted by the punch on the sheet metal in the blanking process. It changes with the depth of the punch into the material (punch stroke). Generally speaking, the blanking force refers to the maximum value of the blanking force, which is one of the important basis for selecting the press and designing the die. When blanking with ordinary flat edge die, the blanking force F is generally calculated as follows:

7. Mechanical property index? For this aspect, I suggest you read the books on stamping technology. Here I will briefly introce several items: 1. Yield strength: the ability to resist plastic deformation; 2. Tensile strength: the ability to resist tensile fracture; 3. Elongation after fracture; 4. Yield ratio: the ratio of 1 to 2. Together with the three items, it indicates the plastic ability of the material, and the higher the three items are, The lower the four terms, the better the plasticity of the material. 5, n value, hardening index, the higher the yield strength caused by the increase of deformation degree ring the plastic deformation process. The larger the value, the more stable the forming, the less wrinkling, the better the drawing performance. 6, R value, thickness anisotropy coefficient, the ratio of plate plane strain to thickness strain, The larger the value is, the lower the thinning degree in the thickness direction when the sheet is stretched. The more difficult it is to thin and crack. The above items must be listed in the quality guarantee of sheet metal. Besides, there are also some items such as Alison value, which need you to read by yourself,

9. Calculation formula of punch pressure P = KLT Г
where: K is the coefficient, generally equal to 1,
L is the circumference of the proct after stamping, in mm
t is the material thickness, in mm< br /> Г It is the shear strength of the material. The unit is MPa.
the calculated result is Newton. Divide the result by 9800n / T, and the result is t.
this can only be roughly calculated. For safety, multiply the above value by 2, and the calculated value also conforms to the punching force of the compound die

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