The sample data are decentralized

1. According to Hou Jietai: the so-called centralization refers to subtracting the mean value of a variable from its expected value. For sample data, each observation value of a variable is subtracted from the sample average value of the variable, and the transformed variable is centralized
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.

2.

De flow means that all social resources can be aggregated and distributed with one click

in a system with many nodes, each node has a high degree of autonomy. Nodes can connect with each other freely to form a new connection unit. Any node may become the stage center, but it does not have the mandatory central control function. The influence between nodes will form a nonlinear causal relationship through the network

This kind of open, flat and equal system phenomenon or structure is called decentralization

extended materials:

compared with the previous Internet (WEB 1.0) era, today's Internet (Web 2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups, but by the participation of the whole Internet users and the creation of equal power levels. Anyone can express their views on the Internet or create original content to proce information together

with the diversification of network service shape, the decentralized network model becomes more and more clear and possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together

3. Decentralization is a phenomenon or structure, which can only appear in a system with many users or nodes, and each user can connect and influence other nodes. Generally speaking, everyone is the center, and everyone can connect and influence other nodes. This flat, open-source and equal phenomenon or structure is called "decentralization"< Br > at the same time, "decentralization" is one of the typical features of blockchain, which uses distributed storage and computing power. The rights and obligations of the whole network nodes are the same, and the data in the system is jointly maintained by the whole network nodes, so that the blockchain no longer relies on the central processing node to realize the distributed storage, recording and updating of data. Each blockchain follows a unified rule, which is based on a cryptographic algorithm rather than a credit certificate, and the data update process needs to be approved by the user, so that the blockchain does not need the endorsement of intermediaries and trust institutions< The characteristics of br> de centralization:
centralization is first reflected in diversification. In the Internet world, there are no more than several portals has the final say. Various websites have begun to voice their own voice, express different choices and different hobbies, and these websites are distributed in every corner of the Internet world. Br > decentralisation is followed by the centralization of people, and decentralisation of content has become a trend, and people have become the key force to determine the survival of websites. It's a great change to build a website with indivials who lack interaction to gather talents and contribute their wisdom in the form of a circle. That is user-oriented, humanized< < br > decentralized content: < br > decentralization is the form of social relationship and content generation formed in the development of the Internet, which is a new network content proction process relative to "centralization"< Br > compared with the early Internet (Web1.0) era, today's Web (Web2.0) content is no longer proced by professional websites or specific groups of people, but is created by all Internet users with equal rights. Anyone can express their views or create original content on the Internet to proce information together< Br > with the diversification of network service forms, the decentralized network model is becoming clearer and more possible. After the rise of Web2.0, the services provided by Wikipedia, Flickr, blogger and other network service providers are decentralized. Any participant can submit content, and Internet users can create or contribute content together< After that, with the emergence of more simple and easy-to-use decentralized network services, the characteristics of Web2.0 became more and more obvious. For example, the birth of services more suitable for ordinary Internet users, such as twitter and Facebook, made it easier and more diversified to proce or contribute content to the Internet, thus enhancing the enthusiasm of Internet users to participate in the contribution and recing the threshold of procing content. Eventually, every netizen becomes a tiny and independent information provider, making the Internet more flat and content proction more diversified.

4. Not necessarily, centralization is only for the convenience of explanation, and does not affect the regression coefficients Central treatment of regulatory effect of South Heart Network

5. Only iron pick can dig ore and water in the mine cave. It's better to bring some wood and a fire into the mine cave. You can only knock round stones by the river to have a small chance to proce iron ore. The Iron pick is not useful for iron ore. It's the same to decide what equipment you wear. The iron spear and crossbow must be available, and then according to the cold and hot conditions of the mine cave you want to go to at that time

7. The so-called centralization refers to subtracting the mean value of a variable from its expected value
for sample data, subtracting the sample average value from each observation value of a variable, the transformed variable is centralized.

8.

The purpose of data centralization and standardization is to eliminate the differences between features, which can make different features have the same scale and make the influence of different features on parameters consistent. In short, when the scale (unit) of the features on different dimensions of the original data is inconsistent, the data needs to be preprocessed by centralization and standardization steps

extended data:

because the original data often have different units of independent variables, it will bring some difficulties to the analysis, and because of the large amount of data, the calculation result may not be ideal e to rounding error. Data centralization and standardization are helpful to eliminate the influence caused by different dimensions and orders of magnitude, and avoid unnecessary errors

in regression analysis, it is usually necessary to centralize and standardize the original data. Through centralization and standardization, the data with mean value of 0 and standard deviation of 1 are obtained

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