How to calculate the forming force of round bar
Publish: 2021-04-24 07:39:00
1. For separation process:
calculation of punching force
in blanking process, punching force refers to the general term of
, unloading force, pushing force and pushing force. Punching force is the main basis for selecting
and also the necessary data for die design<
1.
calculation
is the pressure exerted on the sheet by the punch in the blanking process, which changes with the depth of the punch into the material. The blanking force F can be calculated as follows:
F = KLT τ
where f -- blanking force, N
k -- coefficient; Considering the wear of
cutting edge, fluctuation of clearance between punch and die (variation or uneven distribution of values), lubrication, variation of
and thickness tolerance and other factors,
is generally set as 1.3
L -- total length of blanking periphery, mm
T -- material thickness, mm< br /> τ—— Material
, MPa
when
cannot be found τ It can be used
σ B substitute τ， In this case, the approximate calculation method of k = 1 is adopted. That is,
F = Lt σ B
where σ B -- material
, MPa
2. Calculation of unloading force, pushing force and pushing force
after blanking, the force required to scrape the material from the punch is called unloading force; The force required to push the part or scrap from the die is called pushing force; The force required to eject the part from the die is called ejecting force. In the actual proction, it is generally calculated as follows:
unloading force F = k unloading f punching
pushing force F = NK pushing f punching
pushing force F = k jacking f punching
where f punching -- blanking force, N
k unloading - unloading force coefficient, whose value is shown in the table
k push -- push force coefficient, whose value is shown in the table
k top -- the force coefficient of the top part, whose value is shown in the table
n -- the quantity of parts or scrap accumulated in the die (n = H / T); H is the height of the straight edge; T is the material thickness.
calculation of punching force
in blanking process, punching force refers to the general term of
, unloading force, pushing force and pushing force. Punching force is the main basis for selecting
and also the necessary data for die design<
1.
calculation
is the pressure exerted on the sheet by the punch in the blanking process, which changes with the depth of the punch into the material. The blanking force F can be calculated as follows:
F = KLT τ
where f -- blanking force, N
k -- coefficient; Considering the wear of
cutting edge, fluctuation of clearance between punch and die (variation or uneven distribution of values), lubrication, variation of
and thickness tolerance and other factors,
is generally set as 1.3
L -- total length of blanking periphery, mm
T -- material thickness, mm< br /> τ—— Material
, MPa
when
cannot be found τ It can be used
σ B substitute τ， In this case, the approximate calculation method of k = 1 is adopted. That is,
F = Lt σ B
where σ B -- material
, MPa
2. Calculation of unloading force, pushing force and pushing force
after blanking, the force required to scrape the material from the punch is called unloading force; The force required to push the part or scrap from the die is called pushing force; The force required to eject the part from the die is called ejecting force. In the actual proction, it is generally calculated as follows:
unloading force F = k unloading f punching
pushing force F = NK pushing f punching
pushing force F = k jacking f punching
where f punching -- blanking force, N
k unloading - unloading force coefficient, whose value is shown in the table
k push -- push force coefficient, whose value is shown in the table
k top -- the force coefficient of the top part, whose value is shown in the table
n -- the quantity of parts or scrap accumulated in the die (n = H / T); H is the height of the straight edge; T is the material thickness.
2. I don't know about this,
I know this, I hope it can be useful to you
stamping forming
this technology uses punch and die to proce the required shape. The punch press can be mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission, but it is better to use hydraulic transmission when deep drawing, because the hydraulic punch press can provide full load pressure on the whole stroke
the vast majority of traditional technologies can be used for stainless steel stamping, but don't forget that the force required for stamping stainless steel is 60% greater than that for stamping low carbon steel. Obviously, the press frame should be able to withstand such a large force. Moreover, it is very important to solve the scratch, especially the scratch caused by high friction and high temperature when stamping stainless steel. The commonly used soap or emulsion is not effective and should be consulted. If oil containing extra high pressure (EP) additive is used, the additive should be removed after stamping because it can cause corrosion
e to the high cost of mold processing, this technology is only used in mass proction.
I know this, I hope it can be useful to you
stamping forming
this technology uses punch and die to proce the required shape. The punch press can be mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission, but it is better to use hydraulic transmission when deep drawing, because the hydraulic punch press can provide full load pressure on the whole stroke
the vast majority of traditional technologies can be used for stainless steel stamping, but don't forget that the force required for stamping stainless steel is 60% greater than that for stamping low carbon steel. Obviously, the press frame should be able to withstand such a large force. Moreover, it is very important to solve the scratch, especially the scratch caused by high friction and high temperature when stamping stainless steel. The commonly used soap or emulsion is not effective and should be consulted. If oil containing extra high pressure (EP) additive is used, the additive should be removed after stamping because it can cause corrosion
e to the high cost of mold processing, this technology is only used in mass proction.
3.
Blanking force is the pressure exerted by the punch on the sheet metal in the blanking process. It changes with the depth of the punch into the material (punch stroke). Generally speaking, the blanking force refers to the maximum value of the blanking force, which is one of the important basis for selecting the press and designing the die. When blanking with ordinary flat edge die, the blanking force F is generally calculated as follows:
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the U.S. Regal monetary fund belongs to the monetary fund of AFG group, whose value is endorsed by AFG group
AFG group was founded in 2002, registered in Delaware, USA, and headquartered in Los Angeles. It is a large multinational enterprise. AFG group invests in finance, real estate fund (REIT), real estate, mining (GEM), auction, communication, biotechnology and aviation equipment. Our business covers North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The global total assets of the group reach more than 50 billion US dollars
all these have laid an incomparable market foundation for gemcoin and kept its value relatively stable
Gem Coins will be issued at US $0.05 from September 1
bitcoin has increased by 16257 times from the initial $0.06 issued in 2009 to the highest $979.45
virtual currency refers to non real currency. When virtual currency is linked with reality, virtual currency has its real value and can be traded and used to purchase goods and services. With the promulgation of ab-129 act, virtual currency has become a legal means of payment.
the U.S. Regal monetary fund belongs to the monetary fund of AFG group, whose value is endorsed by AFG group
AFG group was founded in 2002, registered in Delaware, USA, and headquartered in Los Angeles. It is a large multinational enterprise. AFG group invests in finance, real estate fund (REIT), real estate, mining (GEM), auction, communication, biotechnology and aviation equipment. Our business covers North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The global total assets of the group reach more than 50 billion US dollars
all these have laid an incomparable market foundation for gemcoin and kept its value relatively stable
Gem Coins will be issued at US $0.05 from September 1
bitcoin has increased by 16257 times from the initial $0.06 issued in 2009 to the highest $979.45
virtual currency refers to non real currency. When virtual currency is linked with reality, virtual currency has its real value and can be traded and used to purchase goods and services. With the promulgation of ab-129 act, virtual currency has become a legal means of payment.
5. Bank of China: the cardholder withdraws at ATM of other banks in the same city, 4 yuan / transaction; ATM withdrawal from other banks in other places in the province, 9 yuan / transaction; ATM withdrawal from other banks outside the province, 12 yuan / transaction; 15 yuan / transaction for overseas ATM withdrawal. It is reported that the original charge standard of BOC is: 2 yuan / transaction for inter-bank in the same city and 7 yuan / transaction for inter-bank in the province
China Construction Bank: 0.5% of the withdrawal amount plus 2 yuan / transaction is charged by inter-bank in the same city, and 1% plus 2 yuan / transaction is charged by inter-bank in other places (within or outside the province)
Agricultural Bank of China: the inter-bank in the same city and the inter-bank in the province charge 2 yuan per transaction, and the inter-bank outside the province charge 1% plus 2 yuan per transaction
Instrial and Commercial Bank of China: 4 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in the same city, 1% plus 2 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in other places (within or outside the province)
China Merchants Bank: inter banks in the same city and within the province charge 2 yuan per transaction, while inter banks outside the province charge 0.5% plus 2 yuan per transaction
Bank of Communications: 2 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in the same city, 0.8% plus 2 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in different places (within or outside the province), at least 10 yuan / transaction, and at most 100 yuan / transaction
Minsheng Bank: the first three inter-bank transactions in the same city are free of charge, the next two yuan / transaction, and the cross-bank transactions in other places (within or outside the province) are 5 yuan / transaction
Huaxia Bank: interbank free in the same city, interbank free in other places (within or outside the province, the first transaction) 2 yuan / transaction
China CITIC Bank: the first two transactions in the same city and within the province are free of charge, 2 yuan / transaction from the third transaction, 0.5% outside the province, up to 200 yuan
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank: 2 yuan for each inter-bank withdrawal in the same city, 0.5% for each inter-bank withdrawal in the province and outside the province, with a minimum of 5 yuan, and 18 yuan for each inter-bank withdrawal outside Hong Kong
Shenzhen Development Bank: 1% for inter-bank transactions in the same city or in other places (within or outside the province), at least 10 yuan per transaction
Instrial Bank: the first three transactions are free of charge in the same city / other places (within or outside the province), and the fourth transaction is charged at 2 yuan / transaction.
China Construction Bank: 0.5% of the withdrawal amount plus 2 yuan / transaction is charged by inter-bank in the same city, and 1% plus 2 yuan / transaction is charged by inter-bank in other places (within or outside the province)
Agricultural Bank of China: the inter-bank in the same city and the inter-bank in the province charge 2 yuan per transaction, and the inter-bank outside the province charge 1% plus 2 yuan per transaction
Instrial and Commercial Bank of China: 4 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in the same city, 1% plus 2 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in other places (within or outside the province)
China Merchants Bank: inter banks in the same city and within the province charge 2 yuan per transaction, while inter banks outside the province charge 0.5% plus 2 yuan per transaction
Bank of Communications: 2 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in the same city, 0.8% plus 2 yuan / transaction for inter-bank transactions in different places (within or outside the province), at least 10 yuan / transaction, and at most 100 yuan / transaction
Minsheng Bank: the first three inter-bank transactions in the same city are free of charge, the next two yuan / transaction, and the cross-bank transactions in other places (within or outside the province) are 5 yuan / transaction
Huaxia Bank: interbank free in the same city, interbank free in other places (within or outside the province, the first transaction) 2 yuan / transaction
China CITIC Bank: the first two transactions in the same city and within the province are free of charge, 2 yuan / transaction from the third transaction, 0.5% outside the province, up to 200 yuan
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank: 2 yuan for each inter-bank withdrawal in the same city, 0.5% for each inter-bank withdrawal in the province and outside the province, with a minimum of 5 yuan, and 18 yuan for each inter-bank withdrawal outside Hong Kong
Shenzhen Development Bank: 1% for inter-bank transactions in the same city or in other places (within or outside the province), at least 10 yuan per transaction
Instrial Bank: the first three transactions are free of charge in the same city / other places (within or outside the province), and the fourth transaction is charged at 2 yuan / transaction.
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7.
Small program is a kind of application that can be used without downloading device. It ends the hope of using "within reach". Users can open and use it by scanning or searching. It also reflects the concept of "go as you run out". Users don't need to care about whether the equipment is used too much. The application will be everywhere, available at any time, but no need to unload the equipment. As far as developers are concerned, the threshold of small program development is relatively low, and the difficulty is not as good as that of app. They are satisfied with the simple basic application. Small program development thinks that it is suitable for offline shops of life effectiveness and the transformation of low-frequency application of non rigid demand. Small programs can complete the seven functions of audio notification, offline scanning code, and mass number correlation. In the meantime, through the mass number correlation, users can finish the jump between the mass number and the small program
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9. It can be divided into junior, intermediate, senior and master level
mining and smelting skills. It's very simple. This skill only makes money and doesn't cost money. But you can't make much money if you don't mine regularly
ore solution ingots are sold in auction houses, ranging from tens of G to 100g, and sometimes low-grade ores are also very expensive
it is recommended to dig a mine for several hours when you have time. If you just pass by and see it, you can't dig a few and earn much money.
mining and smelting skills. It's very simple. This skill only makes money and doesn't cost money. But you can't make much money if you don't mine regularly
ore solution ingots are sold in auction houses, ranging from tens of G to 100g, and sometimes low-grade ores are also very expensive
it is recommended to dig a mine for several hours when you have time. If you just pass by and see it, you can't dig a few and earn much money.
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