Do you go to social health centers in other places for vaccinati
Publish: 2021-04-24 16:31:19
1. In view of the negative effects of the financial crisis, such as the economic contraction and the increase of unemployment, there are mainly the following policy measures. It should be said that these policy measures are related to the national macroeconomic objectives of economic growth, inflation, unemployment and balance of payments, which will have a positive impact:
1. We should rece the impact of the open market, stop issuing three-year central bank bills, rece the issuance frequency of one-year and three-month central bank bills, and guide the interest rate of central bank bills to decline appropriately to ensure the supply of liquidity
2. Loose monetary policy. In September, October and November, the benchmark interest rate was lowered four times in a row, the deposit reserve ratio was lowered three times, the deposit reserve ratio and the loan benchmark interest rate were lowered, in order to increase the market money supply and expand investment and consumption
3. On October 27, 2008, the first housing loan interest rate was reced by 70%; Support residents to purchase ordinary self owned housing and improved ordinary housing for the first time
4
5. Financial institutions should be encouraged to increase loans for reconstruction, agriculture, rural areas and small and medium-sized enterprises
6. Promoting foreign trade: the import and export instry is the first to be affected, and there are many employees (according to statistics, it has reached 100 million people). First, increase export tax rebate; Second, the appreciation of RMB is a means to increase export competitiveness
7. Foreign economic cooperation and coordination (such as currency swap between China, Japan and South Korea)< The above are the main monetary policies, which are generally loose monetary policies.
other policies
1. Loose fiscal policies: recing taxes (the rection of securities transaction tax and the cancellation of interest tax have been implemented), expanding government spending (400 billion yuan to stimulate domestic demand is being implemented)
2. Promoting foreign trade: the import and export instry is the first to be affected, and there are many employees (according to statistics, it has reached 100 million people). First, increase export tax rebate; Second, the appreciation of RMB is a means to increase export competitiveness
3. Recing the burden of enterprises: the adjustment of labor law, etc
4. Strengthen the expenditure of Public Finance on social security / medical care, and maintain the stability of social and economic development environment
1. We should rece the impact of the open market, stop issuing three-year central bank bills, rece the issuance frequency of one-year and three-month central bank bills, and guide the interest rate of central bank bills to decline appropriately to ensure the supply of liquidity
2. Loose monetary policy. In September, October and November, the benchmark interest rate was lowered four times in a row, the deposit reserve ratio was lowered three times, the deposit reserve ratio and the loan benchmark interest rate were lowered, in order to increase the market money supply and expand investment and consumption
3. On October 27, 2008, the first housing loan interest rate was reced by 70%; Support residents to purchase ordinary self owned housing and improved ordinary housing for the first time
4
5. Financial institutions should be encouraged to increase loans for reconstruction, agriculture, rural areas and small and medium-sized enterprises
6. Promoting foreign trade: the import and export instry is the first to be affected, and there are many employees (according to statistics, it has reached 100 million people). First, increase export tax rebate; Second, the appreciation of RMB is a means to increase export competitiveness
7. Foreign economic cooperation and coordination (such as currency swap between China, Japan and South Korea)< The above are the main monetary policies, which are generally loose monetary policies.
other policies
1. Loose fiscal policies: recing taxes (the rection of securities transaction tax and the cancellation of interest tax have been implemented), expanding government spending (400 billion yuan to stimulate domestic demand is being implemented)
2. Promoting foreign trade: the import and export instry is the first to be affected, and there are many employees (according to statistics, it has reached 100 million people). First, increase export tax rebate; Second, the appreciation of RMB is a means to increase export competitiveness
3. Recing the burden of enterprises: the adjustment of labor law, etc
4. Strengthen the expenditure of Public Finance on social security / medical care, and maintain the stability of social and economic development environment
2. Currency is directly related to purchasing power. China has appreciated externally this year, but it has actually depreciated internally. Because purchasing power has declined seriously, the appreciation of RMB in international finance is of little significance to the people, unless you often go to HK to buy things
so, to put it simply, if people are not willing to spend money, things will be cheaper, and you can buy more things with the same money, which is not bad.
so, to put it simply, if people are not willing to spend money, things will be cheaper, and you can buy more things with the same money, which is not bad.
3. Financial crisis, also known as financial storm, refers to the sharp, short-term and super cyclical deterioration of all or most of the financial indicators (such as short-term interest rates, monetary assets, securities, real estate, land (price), number of commercial bankruptcies and number of financial institutions bankruptcies) of a country or several countries and regions
it is characterized by people's more pessimistic expectation of the economic future, a large devaluation of currency value in the whole region, a large loss of economic aggregate and economic scale, and a blow to economic growth. It is often accompanied by a large number of business failures, rising unemployment rate, general economic depression, and even sometimes social unrest or national political instability
financial crisis can be divided into currency crisis, debt crisis and banking crisis. In recent years, the financial crisis is more and more showing a mixed form of crisis
Thailand's financial crisis occurred in the turmoil of the stock market and foreign exchange market. The first is the impact of US dollar contraction in the foreign exchange market, which makes the Thai baht depreciate greatly in a very short period of time, and further affects the stock market and financial system of Thailand. The financial market of Southeast Asia is a bundling economy with prosperity and loss, and the currencies of various countries are not unified. In the international financial market, US dollar eventually becomes the trading unit. Indirectly, it has created a driving force for the outbreak of the financial crisis
therefore, the outbreak of the Southeast Asian financial crisis came from the impact of the foreign exchange market, and the currency crisis became a subsidiary of the financial crisis
References: http://ke..com/view/20114.htm
it is characterized by people's more pessimistic expectation of the economic future, a large devaluation of currency value in the whole region, a large loss of economic aggregate and economic scale, and a blow to economic growth. It is often accompanied by a large number of business failures, rising unemployment rate, general economic depression, and even sometimes social unrest or national political instability
financial crisis can be divided into currency crisis, debt crisis and banking crisis. In recent years, the financial crisis is more and more showing a mixed form of crisis
Thailand's financial crisis occurred in the turmoil of the stock market and foreign exchange market. The first is the impact of US dollar contraction in the foreign exchange market, which makes the Thai baht depreciate greatly in a very short period of time, and further affects the stock market and financial system of Thailand. The financial market of Southeast Asia is a bundling economy with prosperity and loss, and the currencies of various countries are not unified. In the international financial market, US dollar eventually becomes the trading unit. Indirectly, it has created a driving force for the outbreak of the financial crisis
therefore, the outbreak of the Southeast Asian financial crisis came from the impact of the foreign exchange market, and the currency crisis became a subsidiary of the financial crisis
References: http://ke..com/view/20114.htm
4. Surplus and deficit should be determined according to the state of total domestic supply and demand. But it's just a short-term equilibrium. In the long run, it is not easy for a developing country to run a deficit. This is because: (1) although the deficit can temporarily make up for the imbalance of total supply and demand, its cost is the rection of foreign exchange reserves
(2) deficit is the rection of reserves, which is not concive to the implementation of pegging exchange rate. It is not concive to the stability of foreign exchange market and domestic economy
(3) according to the relationship between reserves and domestic money supply, the deficit is contractive< (4) according to the static national accounts, the deficit is not concive to the economic growth of that year. The financial crisis in developing countries in the last century has proved the above point
orthodox theory holds that the imbalance of international payments, whether surplus or deficit, is bad for the economy, but in fact it is not. A country's monetary policy is ultimately subject to stable economic growth, which is manifested by stable prices and low unemployment. If a country's balance of payments can achieve the above tasks, a country will take balance of payments as its ultimate policy goal; If the imbalance of balance of payments can achieve the above goals, it will not regard balance of payments as the ultimate goal of monetary policy. Finally, according to the relationship between balance of payments and money supply, the implementation of a country's monetary policy will be affected by balance of payments. The balance of payments surplus will lead to an increase in money supply, while the deficit will rece money supply. Therefore, the balance of payments should be included in the use of monetary policy tools, so as to ensure that the ultimate goal of monetary policy can be achieved on time and in quantity.
(2) deficit is the rection of reserves, which is not concive to the implementation of pegging exchange rate. It is not concive to the stability of foreign exchange market and domestic economy
(3) according to the relationship between reserves and domestic money supply, the deficit is contractive< (4) according to the static national accounts, the deficit is not concive to the economic growth of that year. The financial crisis in developing countries in the last century has proved the above point
orthodox theory holds that the imbalance of international payments, whether surplus or deficit, is bad for the economy, but in fact it is not. A country's monetary policy is ultimately subject to stable economic growth, which is manifested by stable prices and low unemployment. If a country's balance of payments can achieve the above tasks, a country will take balance of payments as its ultimate policy goal; If the imbalance of balance of payments can achieve the above goals, it will not regard balance of payments as the ultimate goal of monetary policy. Finally, according to the relationship between balance of payments and money supply, the implementation of a country's monetary policy will be affected by balance of payments. The balance of payments surplus will lead to an increase in money supply, while the deficit will rece money supply. Therefore, the balance of payments should be included in the use of monetary policy tools, so as to ensure that the ultimate goal of monetary policy can be achieved on time and in quantity.
5. Finance is a very interesting subject. That's why I'm here to answer your question. I hope LZ is for interest, not for examination. The above is a digression, and the following is my personal answer:
the idea of the answer is to first introce the concepts in the book. In connection with the actual analysis, the essence of the financial crisis is e to the credit crisis. Banks refuse to lend money to others (mainly interbank lending). They are afraid that when people will fall down, so the money will not flow. Generally speaking, because of the multiplier effect of deposits, one yuan is equal to 10 yuan (assuming that the deposit reserve ratio is 10%). Now it is not flowing. For the market, one yuan is still one yuan, which is equivalent to the change of money flow from 10 to 1. Therefore, it is deflation. Monetary policy should be adopted to increase money supply (government loans to banks) and encourage money flow (interest rate rection), Increase multiplier effect (rece deposit reserve ratio)
specifically as follows:
in a broad sense, monetary policy includes all monetary regulations of the government, the central bank and other relevant departments and all measures taken to affect the amount of money. In a narrow sense, it refers to the total of policies and measures adopted by the central bank to adjust money supply by various tools in order to achieve the established economic goals, thus affecting the macro-economy< The tools of monetary policy are as follows:
1. General policy tools
1. Adjusting deposit reserve ratio
2. Adjusting rediscount rate
3. Open market policy
2. Selective policy tools
1. Consumer credit control
2. Securities market credit control
3. Real estate credit control
4. Preferential interest rate
5. Prepayment of import margin
3 Direct credit control
1. Set the maximum interest rate
2. Credit quota
3. Liquidity ratio requirements
4. Indirect credit guidance
after the financial crisis, the world fell into the credit crisis, resulting in a substantial rection in inter-bank lending and a sharp rise in inter-bank lending rate, resulting in a serious shortage of liquidity, (the main reason is the multiplier effect of commercial bank deposits, I'll explain it myself). Central banks in various countries have taken various measures to increase the amount of money in circulation. For example, the interbank offered rate in the United States has dropped to a record low of 0.25%, and the people's Bank of China has lowered the interest rate (recing the borrowing cost of commercial banks) and the deposit reserve ratio (there is a formula that reces the denominator and increases the multiplier effect of deposits). These are general policy tools. However, e to the seriousness of the financial crisis, many governments in the world choose to use the general monetary policy tools, and at the same time, use more direct means to increase liquidity and prevent deflation For example, many countries give large loans to banks
I hope you can correct me
I hope the above answers and ideas can help you.
the idea of the answer is to first introce the concepts in the book. In connection with the actual analysis, the essence of the financial crisis is e to the credit crisis. Banks refuse to lend money to others (mainly interbank lending). They are afraid that when people will fall down, so the money will not flow. Generally speaking, because of the multiplier effect of deposits, one yuan is equal to 10 yuan (assuming that the deposit reserve ratio is 10%). Now it is not flowing. For the market, one yuan is still one yuan, which is equivalent to the change of money flow from 10 to 1. Therefore, it is deflation. Monetary policy should be adopted to increase money supply (government loans to banks) and encourage money flow (interest rate rection), Increase multiplier effect (rece deposit reserve ratio)
specifically as follows:
in a broad sense, monetary policy includes all monetary regulations of the government, the central bank and other relevant departments and all measures taken to affect the amount of money. In a narrow sense, it refers to the total of policies and measures adopted by the central bank to adjust money supply by various tools in order to achieve the established economic goals, thus affecting the macro-economy< The tools of monetary policy are as follows:
1. General policy tools
1. Adjusting deposit reserve ratio
2. Adjusting rediscount rate
3. Open market policy
2. Selective policy tools
1. Consumer credit control
2. Securities market credit control
3. Real estate credit control
4. Preferential interest rate
5. Prepayment of import margin
3 Direct credit control
1. Set the maximum interest rate
2. Credit quota
3. Liquidity ratio requirements
4. Indirect credit guidance
after the financial crisis, the world fell into the credit crisis, resulting in a substantial rection in inter-bank lending and a sharp rise in inter-bank lending rate, resulting in a serious shortage of liquidity, (the main reason is the multiplier effect of commercial bank deposits, I'll explain it myself). Central banks in various countries have taken various measures to increase the amount of money in circulation. For example, the interbank offered rate in the United States has dropped to a record low of 0.25%, and the people's Bank of China has lowered the interest rate (recing the borrowing cost of commercial banks) and the deposit reserve ratio (there is a formula that reces the denominator and increases the multiplier effect of deposits). These are general policy tools. However, e to the seriousness of the financial crisis, many governments in the world choose to use the general monetary policy tools, and at the same time, use more direct means to increase liquidity and prevent deflation For example, many countries give large loans to banks
I hope you can correct me
I hope the above answers and ideas can help you.
6. Tailored! I've read this paper too! Currency crisis is a kind of financial crisis, which refers to the situation that the impact on the currency leads to the substantial depreciation of the currency or the sharp decline of the international reserve. It includes both the successful impact on a certain currency (that is, leading to the substantial depreciation of the currency) and the unsuccessful impact on a certain currency (that is, only leading to the substantial decline of the country's international reserve without the substantial depreciation of the currency). For each country, the degree of currency crisis can be measured by the index of foreign exchange market pressure, which is the weighted average of the monthly change rate of exchange rate (calculated by the direct pricing method) and the monthly change rate of international reserves. When the index exceeds its average by three times the mean square deviation, it is regarded as a currency crisis. Or, from another popular point of view, a currency crisis is a situation in which people lose confidence in a country's currency and sell off a large amount of that country's currency, resulting in a sharp depreciation of the exchange rate of that country's currency in a short period of time. For example, the exchange rate between the Mexican peso and the US dollar in 1994 and the exchange rate between the Thai baht and the US dollar in 1997 dropped sharply, both of which are typical currency crises. In order to explain how the currency crisis impacted the international financial market, let's take three examples: the Thai baht crisis in 1997. On the domestic side, Thailand's economy will face a series of austerity measures in the short term. Tax increase, price control, monetary contraction and other means will be used, and the reced economic growth rate will be further reced; On the international side, the Thai baht storm spread to neighboring countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, where the exchange rate of stock market fell in two months. Compared with the exchange rate against the US dollar at the end of June, at the beginning of September, the Thai baht fell more than 36 (33%), the Malaysian ringgit to 2.94 (17%), the Philippine pesoda to 31.70 (20%) and the Indonesian rupiah to more than 3000 (nearly 24%). One stone hit a thousand waves, affecting all aspects of Thailand's domestic and foreign economy. For example, in the autumn of 1992, when the British pound and the benchmark exchange rate of the European exchange rate mechanism were attacked by speculation, the Italian lira was accompanied. On September 15 of the year known as "Black Wednesday", both the pound and the lira withdrew from the European exchange rate mechanism. Subsequently, the Irish pound and French franc, which remained in the European exchange rate mechanism, were attacked and the exchange rate fluctuated sharply. For example, when the Mexican Peso depreciated sharply at the end of 1994, the currencies of Argentina, Brazil and the Philippines in South America fluctuated strongly against the US dollar. Later, South Africa, as far away as the horn of Africa, also experienced exchange rate turbulence. Conclusion: the above examples show that the contemporary international economic society rarely sees an isolated currency turmoil. One country's currency crisis often affects other countries. The spread of currency crisis in the international community is called "contagion effect". Next, let's explain how the currency crisis impacts the international financial market through the "contagion effect", which leads to the financial crisis. First, the exchange rate is always related to more than two economies. After the devaluation of a country's currency, for example, against the US dollar, the external price competitiveness of the country's goods will increase, and the competitors will be in a disadvantageous position in the international market. If the latter wants to improve its own situation, it will also cause the devaluation of its currency. Second, in the international money market, investors are analytical minded and understand the economic information of various countries; Once they see a currency crisis in a country, they will think of countries with similar macro-economic conditions and withdraw funds from these countries in case of accidents; As a result, their divestment really led to the spread of the currency crisis. Thirdly, when a currency crisis occurs in a country, some institutional investors and international companies will suffer losses, or at least their asset liquidity will be affected; To offset this effect, they will withdraw funds from other countries' markets, that is, they will sell their local currencies in exchange for highly liquid international currencies; The result is the same as the second behavior, which leads to the instability of money market. When the currency value of the whole region depreciates by a large margin, people will be more pessimistic about the future of the economy, the total economic volume and economic scale will have a greater loss, and the economic growth will be hit, which will be accompanied by a large number of business failures, the increase of unemployment rate, the general economic depression, and even sometimes accompanied by social unrest or national political instability. This is the process that the currency crisis impacts the international financial market and leads to the financial crisis. Conclusion: monetary crisis is the driving force of financial crisis.
7. It depends on your understanding of the country's development prospects and its own economic strength. For example, China has almost had a micro financial crisis, but no one is expected to hold the goods. The same is true of the United States, whose subprime crisis has not caused many people to exchange dollars for goods
Vietnam's economy is small, so it is easy to be impacted, so it is better to hold the goods. Although we are optimistic about Vietnam's economy, we still need to avoid risks properly.
Vietnam's economy is small, so it is easy to be impacted, so it is better to hold the goods. Although we are optimistic about Vietnam's economy, we still need to avoid risks properly.
8. What you said seems to be OK, but the most normal solution should be the friction coefficient multiplied by the pressure of the vertical slope. Welcome to adopt.
9. First of all, you have to make a judgment: Why are the friction forces equal when the angles are different
if it's all sliding friction, then the sliding friction must be different e to different angles and different positive pressures
if it's all static friction, the static friction will certainly be different e to different angles and different components of gravity downward along the inclined plane
that is to say, one is sliding friction and the other is static friction. Common sense tells us that the larger the slope angle is, the easier it is for objects to slide, so 45 ° It's sliding, 30 ° It's static friction
let the gravity of the object be g and the dynamic friction coefficient be g μ< br />30 ° When it is static friction, the body is still and the force is balanced. If the component force perpendicular to the inclined plane, that is, the reverse direction of the normal pressure and the supporting force of the inclined plane, then the magnitude of the static friction force and the reverse direction of the component force of gravity downward along the inclined plane, if the magnitude of the static friction force is F1, then:
F1 = gsin30 ° ①
45 ° If the value of friction is F2, the sliding friction is equal to μ Multiply by positive pressure:
F2= μ Gcos45 ° ②
F1 = F2, ③
the solution can be obtained from ①, ② and ③, and the answer is two-thirds root
when the contact surface of the object is fixed, the sliding friction is proportional to the positive pressure, and the proportional coefficient is μ You said, "is there going to be one μ， So that they all slide (at constant speed or acceleration) with the same amount of friction? " It's impossible, because sliding friction is μ× It is impossible to have the same positive pressure with different slope angles
static friction is also friction. When the static friction is less than the maximum static friction that the contact surface can bear, the static friction is the same as the friction μ It doesn't matter
only in these two cases can they be equal
besides, I don't know if the friction is equal without friction.
if it's all sliding friction, then the sliding friction must be different e to different angles and different positive pressures
if it's all static friction, the static friction will certainly be different e to different angles and different components of gravity downward along the inclined plane
that is to say, one is sliding friction and the other is static friction. Common sense tells us that the larger the slope angle is, the easier it is for objects to slide, so 45 ° It's sliding, 30 ° It's static friction
let the gravity of the object be g and the dynamic friction coefficient be g μ< br />30 ° When it is static friction, the body is still and the force is balanced. If the component force perpendicular to the inclined plane, that is, the reverse direction of the normal pressure and the supporting force of the inclined plane, then the magnitude of the static friction force and the reverse direction of the component force of gravity downward along the inclined plane, if the magnitude of the static friction force is F1, then:
F1 = gsin30 ° ①
45 ° If the value of friction is F2, the sliding friction is equal to μ Multiply by positive pressure:
F2= μ Gcos45 ° ②
F1 = F2, ③
the solution can be obtained from ①, ② and ③, and the answer is two-thirds root
when the contact surface of the object is fixed, the sliding friction is proportional to the positive pressure, and the proportional coefficient is μ You said, "is there going to be one μ， So that they all slide (at constant speed or acceleration) with the same amount of friction? " It's impossible, because sliding friction is μ× It is impossible to have the same positive pressure with different slope angles
static friction is also friction. When the static friction is less than the maximum static friction that the contact surface can bear, the static friction is the same as the friction μ It doesn't matter
only in these two cases can they be equal
besides, I don't know if the friction is equal without friction.
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