Decentralization of gender variables
Publish: 2021-04-25 18:53:22
1. According to Hou Jietai: the so-called centralization refers to subtracting the mean value of a variable from its expected value. For sample data, each observation value of a variable is subtracted from the sample average value of the variable, and the transformed variable is centralized
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.
for your question, subtract the mean from each measurement.
2. Centralization is to subtract the mean and Z-score is to divide it by the standard deviation. Both of them are centralization methods.
3. Not necessarily, centralization is only for the convenience of explanation, and does not affect the regression coefficients Central treatment of regulatory effect of South Heart Network
4. After the conversion, you can take the mmy variable as a constant distance variable to do regression analysis
5. I'm a Cisco student. I think the difference between C and D is that in C, the protocol to be rejected is defined as ICMP, while in D, the ICMP port with the destination address of 192.168.0.1 is rejected
6. Ancient Chinese architecture
(1) hall
the main buildings in ancient Chinese architecture group include hall and hall, among which the hall is dedicated to palace, ritual and religious buildings. Both Tang and Dian appeared in the Zhou Dynasty“ The word "Tang" appeared earlier, which originally meant the open part of the front of the building relative to the interior. The left and right sides of the hall are orderly and have clips, and the two sides of the room have rooms and chambers. Such a group of buildings, also known as Tang, generally refers to the residence buildings of the emperor, princes, officials and scholars“ The word "dian" appeared later, which originally meant the appearance of the object rising from the back; It is used for buildings, indicating that they are tall and have a prominent position. Since the Han Dynasty, the hall generally refers to the main buildings in the government office and the imperial residence, but the secondary buildings in the palaces and temples can also be called the hall, such as the "East-West hall" in the palaces of the northern and Southern Dynasties, the lecture hall and the Zhaitang in the Buddhist temples, etc. The hall and the hall can be divided into three basic parts: the steps, the body and the roof. The steps and roof form the most obvious appearance features of Chinese architecture. Restricted by the feudal hierarchy, there are differences in form and structure between Dian and Tang. The difference of steps between hall and hall appeared earlier: hall has only steps; The hall not only has steps, but also Bi, that is, in addition to its own platform, there is a tall platform as the base, which is connected by long Bi levels. The hall is generally located in the center or main axis of the palace, temple, royal garden and other buildings. Its plane is mostly rectangular, and there are also square, round, I-shape and so on. The scale of the space and components of the hall is often large, and the decoration method is more exquisite. As the main building of mansion, government office, courtyard and garden, the hall has various plane forms, moderate volume, simple structure and decoration materials, and often shows more local characteristics< (2) pavilions are multi-storey buildings in ancient Chinese architecture. There was a difference between building and pavilion in the early period. The building refers to the heavy house, and the pavilion refers to the building with the lower part overhead and the bottom hanging. The general plane of the pavilion is nearly square, with two floors and flat seats. It can occupy the main position in the building group. For example, there is a pavilion in the Buddhist temple, and the Guanyin Pavilion in the le temple is an example. Most of the buildings are narrow and curved, and often occupy a secondary position in the architectural group, such as the Sutra collection building in the Buddhist temple, the back building and the box building in the palace, etc., which are in the last column or left and right box position of the architectural group. There is no strict distinction between pavilions in later generations. There are many kinds of architectural forms and uses in ancient pavilions. The castle appeared in the Warring States period. In the Han Dynasty, the city building was three stories high. Que Lou, Shi Lou and Wang Lou were the most popular pavilions in Han Dynasty. The emperor of the Han Dynasty believed in the theory of immortals and alchemy, and believed that the construction of high buildings could make immortals. After Buddhism was introced into China, a large number of pagoda buildings were also a kind of Pavilion. The wooden pagoda of Yongning Temple in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty is "more than 40 Zhang" high, which can be seen from a distance of 100 li away. Built in the Liao Dynasty in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province, the Buddha Temple is 67.31 meters high, which is still the highest existing ancient wooden building in China. The buildings that can be viewed from a high altitude are often named as pavilions, such as yellow crane tower, Tengwang Pavilion, etc. In ancient China, most of the pavilions were of wood structure, and there were many kinds of frame forms. The high-rise building with the shape of well fence formed by the intersection of square timber is called well type; The single-layer building is overlapped layer by layer to form the whole building, weighing house type. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, a platform structure layer has been added between the layers, with the inner eaves forming a dark layer and a floor, and the outer eaves protruding out to form a platform. This form is called flat sitting in the Song Dynasty. The upper and lower columns of each layer are not connected, and the structural connection mode is complex. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wooden columns of each floor have been connected to form a full-length column, which is called the through column type. In addition, there are other variant forms of Pavilion architecture< (3) pavilions are small open point buildings in traditional Chinese architecture, which are used for people to stay and view. They are also used for ceremony, commonly known as pavilions, which appeared in the middle and late period of the northern and Southern Dynasties“ "Pavilion" also refers to the ancient grass-roots administrative institutions, which also has the form of hostels. The pavilion is generally set up in places where people can stop and watch, such as hills, waterside, city head, bridges and gardens. There are also special purpose pavilions, such as stele pavilions, well pavilions, slaughter pavilions, bell pavilions, etc. In addition to square, rectangle, circle and polygon, the plane form of Pavilion also includes cross, chain, plum, fan and other forms. The roof of the pavilion is composed of zanjian, Xieshan, cone and other forms. Large pavilions can be built with double eaves or surrounded by buildings. The stele Pavilion and well Pavilion in mausoleum and ancestral temple can be very solemn, such as the stele Pavilion in Changling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. Large pavilions can be magnificent, such as the Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan, Beijing. Small pavilions can be made light and elegant, such as the triangle pavilions of Hangzhou Santan Yinyue. Different forms of pavilions can proce different artistic effects. The structure of the pavilion is mostly made of wood, and it is also made of brick and stone. Pavilions are usually built with cusps and cones. The four corner zanjianding appeared in the Han Dynasty, while the eight corner zanjianding and the conical top were found in the Ming wares of the Tang Dynasty. The structure of Pavilion and Pavilion is similar to that of umbrella. This practice can be seen in the gardens in the south of Qing Dynasty. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, square pavilions mostly used angle beams, while multi angle zanjian pavilions mostly used grilled beams, which were stacked layer by layer. The structure of the rectangular Pavilion is basically the same as that of the house building< In ancient Chinese architecture, the covered passageways, including cloisters and verandahs, have the basic functions of shading, preventing rain and providing rest. Corridor is an important part of the shape characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture. The corridor under the eaves of the hall, as the transition space between indoor and outdoor, is an important means to form the virtual and real changes and the sense of rhythm in the building modeling. The cloister surrounding the courtyard plays an important role in the beautification of the pattern and volume of the courtyard space, and can cause different effects, such as solemn, lively, open, deep, closed and connected. The corridor in the garden mainly plays the role of dividing scenic spots, causing a variety of spatial changes, increasing the depth of field, guiding the best viewing route and so on. The details of the corridor are often equipped with geometric railings, benches, goose chair (also known as beauty or King Wu), hanging and color paintings; The partition wall is often decorated with various decorative building components, such as lamp window, leaky window, moon door, bottle door, etc< In ancient China, the rammed earth high piers on the ground were called platforms, and the wooden buildings on the platforms were called pavilions. The earliest pavilions were small-scale open halls with columns and no walls built on rammed earth platforms for viewing, banqueting and shooting. Sometimes it has the function of moistureproof and defense. There are many sites in taixie, such as Xintian site, capital of the spring and Autumn period and Jin Dynasty, yanxia site of the Warring States period, the ancient city site of Zhao state in Handan, Xianyang Palace site of the Qin Dynasty and so on. A pavilion also refers to a large house that is open on all sides. After the Tang Dynasty, the buildings near or built in the water were called waterside pavilions, but they were completely different from the waterside pavilions< (6) temples
sacrificial architecture in ancient China. It can be roughly divided into three categories:
1. Temples offering sacrifices to ancestors. Ancient Chinese emperors and princes worship their ancestors, which is called ancestral temple. The emperor's ancestral temple is called Taimiao, and the temple system is different from dynasties. Taimiao is the highest level building. The architecture of nobility, xianhuan and aristocratic families worshiping their ancestors is called family temple or ancestral hall. Imitating the orientation of the temple, it is located in the east of the house, with different scales. Some ancestral temples are attached with Yixue, Yicang and Xilou, whose functions are beyond the scope of sacrifice
2. The most famous is the Confucius Temple, also known as the Confucian temple. Confucius and Qiu were regarded as the ancestor of Confucianism, and most emperors worshipped Confucianism after Han Dynasty. Qufu Confucius Temple is the largest in Shandong Province. The temple dedicated to Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms period, is also called Guandi temple and wumiao temple. In some places, Sanyi temples were built to worship Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Many places also offer sacrifices to famous officials, sages, righteous men and martyrs, such as the "Wuhou Temple" of Zhuge Liang, a famous statesman of the Three Kingdoms, in Cheng, Sichuan and Nanyang, Henan; The "Yuewang Temple" and "Yuefei Temple" in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and Tangyin, Henan Province were dedicated to Yue Fei, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty
3. Temples offering sacrifices to mountains, rivers and gods. Since ancient times, China has worshipped natural objects such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers, and set up temples for them, such as Houtu temple. The most famous temples are those dedicated to the five mountains of Mount Tai, Huashan, Hengshan, Hengshan and Songshan, among which the Dai Temple in Mount Tai is the largest. There are also a large number of sacrificial architecture originated from various religions and folk customs, such as Town God's Temple, the earth temple, the Dragon King Temple and the God of wealth temple. In ancient China, it was mainly used for sacrificial activities such as heaven, earth and country. The temple of heaven, the temple of earth, the temple of the sun, the temple of the moon, the altar of praying for grain and the altar of the state inside and outside Beijing. Altar is not only the main body of sacrificial architecture, but also the general name of the whole group of buildings. The form of altar is mostly based on the theory of Yin Yang and five elements. For example, the main buildings of the temple of heaven and the temple of earth are round and square respectively, which comes from the theory that the heaven is round and the place is square. The number and size of the stones used in the temple of heaven are all odd, which means that the ancients took the heaven as the positive and the odd number as the positive. There are three eaves in the hall of praying for the new year, which are covered with glazed tiles of three colors: the upper eaves are blue to symbolize the blue sky, the middle eaves are yellow to symbolize the land, and the lower eaves are green to symbolize all things. In the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was changed into three layers of blue, which was specially designed to worship heaven< (8) pagodas are also called "pagodas" and "pagodas", which are high-rise point buildings for worshiping or collecting Buddhist relics (Buddha bones), Buddha statues, Buddhist scriptures, and the remains of monks. Tower originated in India, also known as "Buddha", "Fu Tu", "Fu Tu" and so on. Tower is one of the most numerous and diverse architectural types in ancient China
the tower is generally composed of underground palace, tower base, tower body, tower top and tower brake. It is located in the middle of the tower, below the ground. The base of the tower includes the base and the base. The Tasha is on the top of the tower and is usually composed of xumizuo, Yanglian, Fubo, Xianglun and Baozhu; There are also pagodas with a cover, a round light, a moon and pearls on top of the phase wheel
there are many kinds of towers. There are more than 2000 towers in China. According to the nature, there are pagodas and tombs for worshiping; According to the materials used, it can be divided into wooden tower, brick tower, stone tower, metal tower, pottery tower, etc; According to the structure and shape, it can be divided into pavilion type tower, dense eaves tower, single-layer tower, Lama tower and other special shaped towers. Pavilion style pagodas are famous for Xi'an Ci'en Temple Pagoda, Xingjiao Temple Xuanzang pagoda, Suzhou Yunyan Temple Pagoda, etc. The famous pagodas are Songyue Pagoda in Dengfeng, Jianfu Pagoda in Xi'an and Qianxun Pagoda in Chongsheng Temple in Dali. The famous single storey pagodas include the four gate pagoda of Licheng Shentong temple, the stone pagodas of Beijing Yunju temple, and the Jingzang Buddhist pagoda of Dengfeng Huishan temple. The body of Lama pagoda is painted white, commonly known as "White Pagoda". The famous ones are the White Pagoda of Miaoying temple in Beijing and the White Pagoda of Tayuan temple in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The famous one is the diamond throne tower of Zhengjue temple in Beijing< (9) screen wall is built inside or outside the gate of the courtyard, and is used as a barrier against the gate, also known as screen wall or screen wall. The shadow wall can form a transitional space which is connected with streets and alleys and limited to be separated from each other inside or outside the gate. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the screen walls were divided into one shape and eight shape. Eight character walls are often used on both sides of the main doors of large residential buildings in Beijing, which are similar to the eight character shadow walls on the opposite side of the street
(1) hall
the main buildings in ancient Chinese architecture group include hall and hall, among which the hall is dedicated to palace, ritual and religious buildings. Both Tang and Dian appeared in the Zhou Dynasty“ The word "Tang" appeared earlier, which originally meant the open part of the front of the building relative to the interior. The left and right sides of the hall are orderly and have clips, and the two sides of the room have rooms and chambers. Such a group of buildings, also known as Tang, generally refers to the residence buildings of the emperor, princes, officials and scholars“ The word "dian" appeared later, which originally meant the appearance of the object rising from the back; It is used for buildings, indicating that they are tall and have a prominent position. Since the Han Dynasty, the hall generally refers to the main buildings in the government office and the imperial residence, but the secondary buildings in the palaces and temples can also be called the hall, such as the "East-West hall" in the palaces of the northern and Southern Dynasties, the lecture hall and the Zhaitang in the Buddhist temples, etc. The hall and the hall can be divided into three basic parts: the steps, the body and the roof. The steps and roof form the most obvious appearance features of Chinese architecture. Restricted by the feudal hierarchy, there are differences in form and structure between Dian and Tang. The difference of steps between hall and hall appeared earlier: hall has only steps; The hall not only has steps, but also Bi, that is, in addition to its own platform, there is a tall platform as the base, which is connected by long Bi levels. The hall is generally located in the center or main axis of the palace, temple, royal garden and other buildings. Its plane is mostly rectangular, and there are also square, round, I-shape and so on. The scale of the space and components of the hall is often large, and the decoration method is more exquisite. As the main building of mansion, government office, courtyard and garden, the hall has various plane forms, moderate volume, simple structure and decoration materials, and often shows more local characteristics< (2) pavilions are multi-storey buildings in ancient Chinese architecture. There was a difference between building and pavilion in the early period. The building refers to the heavy house, and the pavilion refers to the building with the lower part overhead and the bottom hanging. The general plane of the pavilion is nearly square, with two floors and flat seats. It can occupy the main position in the building group. For example, there is a pavilion in the Buddhist temple, and the Guanyin Pavilion in the le temple is an example. Most of the buildings are narrow and curved, and often occupy a secondary position in the architectural group, such as the Sutra collection building in the Buddhist temple, the back building and the box building in the palace, etc., which are in the last column or left and right box position of the architectural group. There is no strict distinction between pavilions in later generations. There are many kinds of architectural forms and uses in ancient pavilions. The castle appeared in the Warring States period. In the Han Dynasty, the city building was three stories high. Que Lou, Shi Lou and Wang Lou were the most popular pavilions in Han Dynasty. The emperor of the Han Dynasty believed in the theory of immortals and alchemy, and believed that the construction of high buildings could make immortals. After Buddhism was introced into China, a large number of pagoda buildings were also a kind of Pavilion. The wooden pagoda of Yongning Temple in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty is "more than 40 Zhang" high, which can be seen from a distance of 100 li away. Built in the Liao Dynasty in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province, the Buddha Temple is 67.31 meters high, which is still the highest existing ancient wooden building in China. The buildings that can be viewed from a high altitude are often named as pavilions, such as yellow crane tower, Tengwang Pavilion, etc. In ancient China, most of the pavilions were of wood structure, and there were many kinds of frame forms. The high-rise building with the shape of well fence formed by the intersection of square timber is called well type; The single-layer building is overlapped layer by layer to form the whole building, weighing house type. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, a platform structure layer has been added between the layers, with the inner eaves forming a dark layer and a floor, and the outer eaves protruding out to form a platform. This form is called flat sitting in the Song Dynasty. The upper and lower columns of each layer are not connected, and the structural connection mode is complex. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wooden columns of each floor have been connected to form a full-length column, which is called the through column type. In addition, there are other variant forms of Pavilion architecture< (3) pavilions are small open point buildings in traditional Chinese architecture, which are used for people to stay and view. They are also used for ceremony, commonly known as pavilions, which appeared in the middle and late period of the northern and Southern Dynasties“ "Pavilion" also refers to the ancient grass-roots administrative institutions, which also has the form of hostels. The pavilion is generally set up in places where people can stop and watch, such as hills, waterside, city head, bridges and gardens. There are also special purpose pavilions, such as stele pavilions, well pavilions, slaughter pavilions, bell pavilions, etc. In addition to square, rectangle, circle and polygon, the plane form of Pavilion also includes cross, chain, plum, fan and other forms. The roof of the pavilion is composed of zanjian, Xieshan, cone and other forms. Large pavilions can be built with double eaves or surrounded by buildings. The stele Pavilion and well Pavilion in mausoleum and ancestral temple can be very solemn, such as the stele Pavilion in Changling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty. Large pavilions can be magnificent, such as the Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan, Beijing. Small pavilions can be made light and elegant, such as the triangle pavilions of Hangzhou Santan Yinyue. Different forms of pavilions can proce different artistic effects. The structure of the pavilion is mostly made of wood, and it is also made of brick and stone. Pavilions are usually built with cusps and cones. The four corner zanjianding appeared in the Han Dynasty, while the eight corner zanjianding and the conical top were found in the Ming wares of the Tang Dynasty. The structure of Pavilion and Pavilion is similar to that of umbrella. This practice can be seen in the gardens in the south of Qing Dynasty. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, square pavilions mostly used angle beams, while multi angle zanjian pavilions mostly used grilled beams, which were stacked layer by layer. The structure of the rectangular Pavilion is basically the same as that of the house building< In ancient Chinese architecture, the covered passageways, including cloisters and verandahs, have the basic functions of shading, preventing rain and providing rest. Corridor is an important part of the shape characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture. The corridor under the eaves of the hall, as the transition space between indoor and outdoor, is an important means to form the virtual and real changes and the sense of rhythm in the building modeling. The cloister surrounding the courtyard plays an important role in the beautification of the pattern and volume of the courtyard space, and can cause different effects, such as solemn, lively, open, deep, closed and connected. The corridor in the garden mainly plays the role of dividing scenic spots, causing a variety of spatial changes, increasing the depth of field, guiding the best viewing route and so on. The details of the corridor are often equipped with geometric railings, benches, goose chair (also known as beauty or King Wu), hanging and color paintings; The partition wall is often decorated with various decorative building components, such as lamp window, leaky window, moon door, bottle door, etc< In ancient China, the rammed earth high piers on the ground were called platforms, and the wooden buildings on the platforms were called pavilions. The earliest pavilions were small-scale open halls with columns and no walls built on rammed earth platforms for viewing, banqueting and shooting. Sometimes it has the function of moistureproof and defense. There are many sites in taixie, such as Xintian site, capital of the spring and Autumn period and Jin Dynasty, yanxia site of the Warring States period, the ancient city site of Zhao state in Handan, Xianyang Palace site of the Qin Dynasty and so on. A pavilion also refers to a large house that is open on all sides. After the Tang Dynasty, the buildings near or built in the water were called waterside pavilions, but they were completely different from the waterside pavilions< (6) temples
sacrificial architecture in ancient China. It can be roughly divided into three categories:
1. Temples offering sacrifices to ancestors. Ancient Chinese emperors and princes worship their ancestors, which is called ancestral temple. The emperor's ancestral temple is called Taimiao, and the temple system is different from dynasties. Taimiao is the highest level building. The architecture of nobility, xianhuan and aristocratic families worshiping their ancestors is called family temple or ancestral hall. Imitating the orientation of the temple, it is located in the east of the house, with different scales. Some ancestral temples are attached with Yixue, Yicang and Xilou, whose functions are beyond the scope of sacrifice
2. The most famous is the Confucius Temple, also known as the Confucian temple. Confucius and Qiu were regarded as the ancestor of Confucianism, and most emperors worshipped Confucianism after Han Dynasty. Qufu Confucius Temple is the largest in Shandong Province. The temple dedicated to Guan Yu, a famous general of the Three Kingdoms period, is also called Guandi temple and wumiao temple. In some places, Sanyi temples were built to worship Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Many places also offer sacrifices to famous officials, sages, righteous men and martyrs, such as the "Wuhou Temple" of Zhuge Liang, a famous statesman of the Three Kingdoms, in Cheng, Sichuan and Nanyang, Henan; The "Yuewang Temple" and "Yuefei Temple" in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and Tangyin, Henan Province were dedicated to Yue Fei, a national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty
3. Temples offering sacrifices to mountains, rivers and gods. Since ancient times, China has worshipped natural objects such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers, and set up temples for them, such as Houtu temple. The most famous temples are those dedicated to the five mountains of Mount Tai, Huashan, Hengshan, Hengshan and Songshan, among which the Dai Temple in Mount Tai is the largest. There are also a large number of sacrificial architecture originated from various religions and folk customs, such as Town God's Temple, the earth temple, the Dragon King Temple and the God of wealth temple. In ancient China, it was mainly used for sacrificial activities such as heaven, earth and country. The temple of heaven, the temple of earth, the temple of the sun, the temple of the moon, the altar of praying for grain and the altar of the state inside and outside Beijing. Altar is not only the main body of sacrificial architecture, but also the general name of the whole group of buildings. The form of altar is mostly based on the theory of Yin Yang and five elements. For example, the main buildings of the temple of heaven and the temple of earth are round and square respectively, which comes from the theory that the heaven is round and the place is square. The number and size of the stones used in the temple of heaven are all odd, which means that the ancients took the heaven as the positive and the odd number as the positive. There are three eaves in the hall of praying for the new year, which are covered with glazed tiles of three colors: the upper eaves are blue to symbolize the blue sky, the middle eaves are yellow to symbolize the land, and the lower eaves are green to symbolize all things. In the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was changed into three layers of blue, which was specially designed to worship heaven< (8) pagodas are also called "pagodas" and "pagodas", which are high-rise point buildings for worshiping or collecting Buddhist relics (Buddha bones), Buddha statues, Buddhist scriptures, and the remains of monks. Tower originated in India, also known as "Buddha", "Fu Tu", "Fu Tu" and so on. Tower is one of the most numerous and diverse architectural types in ancient China
the tower is generally composed of underground palace, tower base, tower body, tower top and tower brake. It is located in the middle of the tower, below the ground. The base of the tower includes the base and the base. The Tasha is on the top of the tower and is usually composed of xumizuo, Yanglian, Fubo, Xianglun and Baozhu; There are also pagodas with a cover, a round light, a moon and pearls on top of the phase wheel
there are many kinds of towers. There are more than 2000 towers in China. According to the nature, there are pagodas and tombs for worshiping; According to the materials used, it can be divided into wooden tower, brick tower, stone tower, metal tower, pottery tower, etc; According to the structure and shape, it can be divided into pavilion type tower, dense eaves tower, single-layer tower, Lama tower and other special shaped towers. Pavilion style pagodas are famous for Xi'an Ci'en Temple Pagoda, Xingjiao Temple Xuanzang pagoda, Suzhou Yunyan Temple Pagoda, etc. The famous pagodas are Songyue Pagoda in Dengfeng, Jianfu Pagoda in Xi'an and Qianxun Pagoda in Chongsheng Temple in Dali. The famous single storey pagodas include the four gate pagoda of Licheng Shentong temple, the stone pagodas of Beijing Yunju temple, and the Jingzang Buddhist pagoda of Dengfeng Huishan temple. The body of Lama pagoda is painted white, commonly known as "White Pagoda". The famous ones are the White Pagoda of Miaoying temple in Beijing and the White Pagoda of Tayuan temple in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The famous one is the diamond throne tower of Zhengjue temple in Beijing< (9) screen wall is built inside or outside the gate of the courtyard, and is used as a barrier against the gate, also known as screen wall or screen wall. The shadow wall can form a transitional space which is connected with streets and alleys and limited to be separated from each other inside or outside the gate. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the screen walls were divided into one shape and eight shape. Eight character walls are often used on both sides of the main doors of large residential buildings in Beijing, which are similar to the eight character shadow walls on the opposite side of the street
7. Looking at international changes:
on October 20, 2008, the South Korean government implemented a large-scale financial rescue plan
on October 20, 2008, the Dutch government injected a large amount of capital into the Dutch international group
on October 20, 2008, Latin American central banks will join hands to deal with the financial crisis
on October 17, 2008, Germany adopted a 500 billion euro rescue plan
on October 17, 2008, On October 15, 2008, the US stock market reappeared "Black Wednesday"
on October 14, 2008, the US announced the details of the first round of rescue plan
on October 13, 2008, the UK injected 37 billion pounds into banks
on October 12, 2008, the euro area countries passed the large-scale rescue plan
on October 10, 2008, On October 9, 2008, the Financial Regulatory Commission of the government of Iceland announced that it would take over Kaupthing, the country's largest commercial bank, The Icelandic government announced to take over Landsbanki, the second largest bank in Iceland, which is in financial difficulties.
on October 7, 2008, the Dow Jones index fell below 10000 points for the first time in four years, which was the first time since October 2004.
on October 4, 2008, Bush signed a large-scale financial rescue plan.
US President Bush signed a financial rescue plan with a total amount of US $700 billion. US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said on the same day that the program will be implemented as soon as possible< On October 3, 2008, Wells Fargo snapped up AP from Citigroup.
on October 3, 2008, Wells Fargo announced that it would buy AP at a total price of US $15.1 billion.
in response to the financial crisis, global layoffs, it companies are moving to emerging markets It company layoff data)
according to the latest statistics, the "layoff" movement has been fierce for more than a month. Since mid September, only U.S. IT companies have announced a total of 19683 job cuts, excluding 246000 jobs to be cut after the merger of HP and EDS. But five big companies account for 90% of all layoffs
Vietnam's financial crisis has repeated the mistakes of 11 years ago: inflation as high as 25.2%, continuously expanding trade deficit and fiscal deficit, excessive foreign debt, and the country's monetary system is exposed to huge risks
New York, October 24 (Xinhua) international oil prices fell more than 7% after the opening of trading on the 24th, as investors' fear that the global economy might fall into recession offset the impact of OPEC's proction cuts
on October 17, Mervyn, a California department store chain group, filed for bankruptcy protection; S announced that it would close all the remaining 149 stores by the end of the year, and its stores began to clear their warehouses and sell goods
coping with the financial crisis, A list of measures taken by various countries
China
cut reserve requirement ratio and benchmark interest rate of deposits and loans
temporarily exempt interest tax on personal savings deposits from October 9
the United States
the Federal Reserve and other five central banks jointly cut interest rates by 50 basis points
the Federal Reserve's 900 billion blood transfusion banking system
the European Union
jointly cut interest rates by 50 basis points
EU countries will increase the minimum deposit guarantee limit<
the European Central Bank has increased its capital injection into the financial system
the United Kingdom
announced that the new rescue plan will spend 500 billion pounds
Japan
the Prime Minister of Japan has ordered to develop additional economic measures, with a large scale
the Bank of Japan has injected capital into the money market three times a day
Russia
Russia has injected 950 billion rubles into banks on a large scale
Russia has set up a fund-raising mechanism for the stock market New limits on the rise and fall
Australia
the Central Bank of Australia cut interest rates by 100 basis points, the largest in 16 years
Spain
Spain set up a 30 billion euro fund to support the bank
The Netherlands
The Netherlands raised its bank deposit account guarantee to 100000 Euro
Germany
the German government introced many emergency measures
and the recent 22G British financial conference
on October 20, 2008, the South Korean government implemented a large-scale financial rescue plan
on October 20, 2008, the Dutch government injected a large amount of capital into the Dutch international group
on October 20, 2008, Latin American central banks will join hands to deal with the financial crisis
on October 17, 2008, Germany adopted a 500 billion euro rescue plan
on October 17, 2008, On October 15, 2008, the US stock market reappeared "Black Wednesday"
on October 14, 2008, the US announced the details of the first round of rescue plan
on October 13, 2008, the UK injected 37 billion pounds into banks
on October 12, 2008, the euro area countries passed the large-scale rescue plan
on October 10, 2008, On October 9, 2008, the Financial Regulatory Commission of the government of Iceland announced that it would take over Kaupthing, the country's largest commercial bank, The Icelandic government announced to take over Landsbanki, the second largest bank in Iceland, which is in financial difficulties.
on October 7, 2008, the Dow Jones index fell below 10000 points for the first time in four years, which was the first time since October 2004.
on October 4, 2008, Bush signed a large-scale financial rescue plan.
US President Bush signed a financial rescue plan with a total amount of US $700 billion. US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said on the same day that the program will be implemented as soon as possible< On October 3, 2008, Wells Fargo snapped up AP from Citigroup.
on October 3, 2008, Wells Fargo announced that it would buy AP at a total price of US $15.1 billion.
in response to the financial crisis, global layoffs, it companies are moving to emerging markets It company layoff data)
according to the latest statistics, the "layoff" movement has been fierce for more than a month. Since mid September, only U.S. IT companies have announced a total of 19683 job cuts, excluding 246000 jobs to be cut after the merger of HP and EDS. But five big companies account for 90% of all layoffs
Vietnam's financial crisis has repeated the mistakes of 11 years ago: inflation as high as 25.2%, continuously expanding trade deficit and fiscal deficit, excessive foreign debt, and the country's monetary system is exposed to huge risks
New York, October 24 (Xinhua) international oil prices fell more than 7% after the opening of trading on the 24th, as investors' fear that the global economy might fall into recession offset the impact of OPEC's proction cuts
on October 17, Mervyn, a California department store chain group, filed for bankruptcy protection; S announced that it would close all the remaining 149 stores by the end of the year, and its stores began to clear their warehouses and sell goods
coping with the financial crisis, A list of measures taken by various countries
China
cut reserve requirement ratio and benchmark interest rate of deposits and loans
temporarily exempt interest tax on personal savings deposits from October 9
the United States
the Federal Reserve and other five central banks jointly cut interest rates by 50 basis points
the Federal Reserve's 900 billion blood transfusion banking system
the European Union
jointly cut interest rates by 50 basis points
EU countries will increase the minimum deposit guarantee limit<
the European Central Bank has increased its capital injection into the financial system
the United Kingdom
announced that the new rescue plan will spend 500 billion pounds
Japan
the Prime Minister of Japan has ordered to develop additional economic measures, with a large scale
the Bank of Japan has injected capital into the money market three times a day
Russia
Russia has injected 950 billion rubles into banks on a large scale
Russia has set up a fund-raising mechanism for the stock market New limits on the rise and fall
Australia
the Central Bank of Australia cut interest rates by 100 basis points, the largest in 16 years
Spain
Spain set up a 30 billion euro fund to support the bank
The Netherlands
The Netherlands raised its bank deposit account guarantee to 100000 Euro
Germany
the German government introced many emergency measures
and the recent 22G British financial conference
8. Shanda is such a pit father, LZ slowly get used to it, in fact, the old players have been used to Chen Tianqiao pit
9. Confucius Temple, namely the most holy temple, is a ritual temple for offering sacrifices to Confucius in ancient Chinese feudal dynasties. Located in the middle of Qufu City, it is a group of ancient buildings with Oriental architectural characteristics, large scale and majestic momentum. It is called "the only isolated example" in the history of World Architecture by ancient architecture experts. It is also known as China's three major ancient buildings together with Beijing Palace Museum and Chengde summer resort. It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1961
in 478 BC, the second year of Confucius' death, the temple was built in Sanjian, the former residence of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, it began to expand. In the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 30 main halls and two verandas. During the reign of emperor Tianxi of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was built as a three-way courtyard with 316 halls and veranda. During the Hong period of Ming Dynasty, the existing scale was established. In 1730, it was rebuilt after the fire. It covers an area of 21.8 hectares and is about 1 km long from north to south. It imitates the Imperial Palace system. It has three roads and nine courtyards. It runs through a north-south central axis and is symmetrically arranged from left to right. There are 104 buildings, 466 rooms and 1250 ancient trees. In the courtyard, the green pines and cypresses are arranged in a forest, and the buildings are carved with beams and painted buildings. There are more than 2000 inscriptions of various types, which is one of the rare large-scale forest of Steles in China<
Yangsheng gate
the South Gate of Qufu City was moved to the county Wei temple in 1513. Build a new county with Confucius Temple as the center. In the 22nd year of Wanli (1594 AD), the gate of worshiping the sage was opened in front of the Confucius Temple to show respect for Confucius. In the old days, the Yangsheng gate was only allowed to be opened to meet the emperor, receive imperial edicts or major rituals. The gate was destroyed in the 1930 war and rebuilt in 1989. The lintel of Yangsheng gate is engraved with the four characters of "Wanren palace wall" written by Hu Zanzhong in Ming Dynasty, which is now a of Qianlong's book of Qing Dynasty“ "Wanren" symbolizes not only the magnificence of Confucius Temple, but also the supremacy of Confucianism represented by Confucius thought in feudal society< The Panshui bridge was built in the 16th year of Emperor Kangxi. It is a single hole bridge with two steps of dragon. The clear water under the bridge is semicircular, which is called Panshui. In the past, scholars in the imperial examination were called Jinxue, which is also called "Rupan". There are two stone tablets in the East and West behind the Panshui bridge, which are engraved with "officials waiting to dismount here" and called "dismount tablet". It was erected in 1191 ad (the second year of jinmingchang). In the past, civil and military officials and common people passed by and had to dismount to cross the bridge to show their dignity
Beijing Palace Museum is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located in the center of Beijing. It was called the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Forbidden City in 1925. It covers an area of 20000 square meters, with more than 980 existing buildings, more than 8700 houses and a construction area of 150000 square meters. It is the largest and best preserved ancient palace complex in the world. It is also a masterpiece of the highest level of ancient Chinese architecture. In 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 1987, it was listed on the world heritage list by UNESCO
Chengde summer resort is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, the people's Republic of China. It used to be the summer palace of the Qing emperor. It's 230 kilometers from Beijing. It is composed of the Imperial Palace, royal gardens and magnificent temples. The summer resort is located in the narrow valley on the West Bank of Wulie River to the north of Chengde downtown. It was built in 1703 and took 89 years to complete after three emperors of Qing Dynasty: Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. The architectural layout of the villa can be divided into two parts: palace area and garden area. The garden area can be divided into three parts: Lake area, plain area and mountain area. There are 72 scenes appointed by Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong. It has more than 100 buildings, such as halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, temples and so on. Its biggest characteristic is that there are gardens in the mountains and mountains in the gardens<
the summer resort is a place for the emperors of Qing Dynasty to spend summer and deal with government affairs. It is a famous ancient imperial palace in China. It was first built in 1703, the 42nd year of Kangxi reign, and was completed in the 55th year of Qianlong reign, lasting 87 years. Covering an area of 5.64 million square meters, the summer resort is the largest existing classical Royal Garden in China, with a total of 10000 meters of winding palace walls around the resort. It's twice the size of the summer palace and eight Beihai parks. Compared with the Forbidden City in Beijing, the summer resort is the largest ancient imperial palace in China, which is characterized by simple and elegant countryside, natural landscape and the scenery of the South and north of the Yangtze River.
in 478 BC, the second year of Confucius' death, the temple was built in Sanjian, the former residence of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, it began to expand. In the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 30 main halls and two verandas. During the reign of emperor Tianxi of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was built as a three-way courtyard with 316 halls and veranda. During the Hong period of Ming Dynasty, the existing scale was established. In 1730, it was rebuilt after the fire. It covers an area of 21.8 hectares and is about 1 km long from north to south. It imitates the Imperial Palace system. It has three roads and nine courtyards. It runs through a north-south central axis and is symmetrically arranged from left to right. There are 104 buildings, 466 rooms and 1250 ancient trees. In the courtyard, the green pines and cypresses are arranged in a forest, and the buildings are carved with beams and painted buildings. There are more than 2000 inscriptions of various types, which is one of the rare large-scale forest of Steles in China<
Yangsheng gate
the South Gate of Qufu City was moved to the county Wei temple in 1513. Build a new county with Confucius Temple as the center. In the 22nd year of Wanli (1594 AD), the gate of worshiping the sage was opened in front of the Confucius Temple to show respect for Confucius. In the old days, the Yangsheng gate was only allowed to be opened to meet the emperor, receive imperial edicts or major rituals. The gate was destroyed in the 1930 war and rebuilt in 1989. The lintel of Yangsheng gate is engraved with the four characters of "Wanren palace wall" written by Hu Zanzhong in Ming Dynasty, which is now a of Qianlong's book of Qing Dynasty“ "Wanren" symbolizes not only the magnificence of Confucius Temple, but also the supremacy of Confucianism represented by Confucius thought in feudal society< The Panshui bridge was built in the 16th year of Emperor Kangxi. It is a single hole bridge with two steps of dragon. The clear water under the bridge is semicircular, which is called Panshui. In the past, scholars in the imperial examination were called Jinxue, which is also called "Rupan". There are two stone tablets in the East and West behind the Panshui bridge, which are engraved with "officials waiting to dismount here" and called "dismount tablet". It was erected in 1191 ad (the second year of jinmingchang). In the past, civil and military officials and common people passed by and had to dismount to cross the bridge to show their dignity
Beijing Palace Museum is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is located in the center of Beijing. It was called the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Forbidden City in 1925. It covers an area of 20000 square meters, with more than 980 existing buildings, more than 8700 houses and a construction area of 150000 square meters. It is the largest and best preserved ancient palace complex in the world. It is also a masterpiece of the highest level of ancient Chinese architecture. In 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In 1987, it was listed on the world heritage list by UNESCO
Chengde summer resort is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, the people's Republic of China. It used to be the summer palace of the Qing emperor. It's 230 kilometers from Beijing. It is composed of the Imperial Palace, royal gardens and magnificent temples. The summer resort is located in the narrow valley on the West Bank of Wulie River to the north of Chengde downtown. It was built in 1703 and took 89 years to complete after three emperors of Qing Dynasty: Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong. The architectural layout of the villa can be divided into two parts: palace area and garden area. The garden area can be divided into three parts: Lake area, plain area and mountain area. There are 72 scenes appointed by Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong. It has more than 100 buildings, such as halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, temples and so on. Its biggest characteristic is that there are gardens in the mountains and mountains in the gardens<
the summer resort is a place for the emperors of Qing Dynasty to spend summer and deal with government affairs. It is a famous ancient imperial palace in China. It was first built in 1703, the 42nd year of Kangxi reign, and was completed in the 55th year of Qianlong reign, lasting 87 years. Covering an area of 5.64 million square meters, the summer resort is the largest existing classical Royal Garden in China, with a total of 10000 meters of winding palace walls around the resort. It's twice the size of the summer palace and eight Beihai parks. Compared with the Forbidden City in Beijing, the summer resort is the largest ancient imperial palace in China, which is characterized by simple and elegant countryside, natural landscape and the scenery of the South and north of the Yangtze River.
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