Decentralization and edge computing
Digital money is legal
digital currency itself is legal in China. Digital currency is defined as Internet goods in China, but the relevant supervision is still blank, and digital currency is still in the gray area in China. Well known digital currencies include bitcoin, Leyte coin, Ruitai coin, thousand gold card, dog coin, etc
however, there are also some non developers who use the cover of digital currency to carry out pyramid schemes, such as the Vicat scheme, treasure scheme, Porter scheme and so on
development materials:
digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography. It is characterized by the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate currency. In theory, it avoids bureaucratic examination and approval, so that everyone has the right to issue currency
The hottest things this year are "bitcoin", "Ethereum" and all kinds of cryptocurrencies, so hot that even aunts and uncles are about to start talking about them. It is no exaggeration to say that 2017 is the first year of the development of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology
as the underlying technology behind bitcoin, the concept of blockchain has only been mentioned in the past two or three years, although as early as 2009, "Nakamoto Tsung" released bitcoin. After this wave of digital currency boom, the concept of blockchain technology has really entered the eyes of all walks of life. I'm afraid it's too early to mention the wide application of blockchain technology, which is still in a very early stage of development. However, e to the arrival of the boom, many technicians and teams have contributed their efforts to build some blockchain concept projects“ Needless to say, as the first application of blockchain technology, bitcoin of "Zhongben cong" has realized the function of distributed ledger, which can realize the first decentralized value transmission of human beings. It can be said that it is "blockchain 1.0". Then Ethereum invented the smart contract, which extended the function of blockchain technology to build applications. It is well deserved to be defined as "blockchain 2.0". However, the blockchain concept projects that came out later did not realize this leap forward role, but only improved to a certain extent at the application level, so they can not be called "blockchain 3.0"
so what is "blockchain 3.0"? Maybe bitcoin OS is the answer: an operation system that is completely based on blockchain technology and follows the concept of blockchain technology. In the 1980s, before Microsoft released the windows operating system, personal computers and Internet technology were still in a non systematic state and could not be popularized. After the release, personal computers were allowed to enter ordinary people's homes, making PC and Internet universal application procts. Recently, bitcoin OS team announced the implementation of the bifurcations of bitcoin and Ethereum on Christmas day, so as to officially publish the plan of developing blockchain OS
anyone who knows a little bit about blockchain technology knows that bitcoin solves the problem of account book, while Ethereum is a smart contract to realize application expansion. Later, a team will launch a distributed storage project. But these systems with only a single functional mole are not "operating systems". The traditional definition of operating system is a huge management and control program, which includes five management functions: process and processor management, job management, storage management, device management and file management. In fact, the OS based on blockchain does not need to change all the five functional blocks into distributed ones, as long as the parts related to the external transmission of value and information can be decentralized and distributed. Therefore, the blockchain operating system should have at least three functions of "account system management, computing resource management and storage resource management", which can realize distributed ledger, edge computing and edge storage. Although it is still too early to define the instry standard in this way, bitcoin OS team is committed to realizing the blockchain OS possessed by these three functional blocks first, and then improving it through iteration
according to the bitcoin OS team, the name "bitcoin OS" is actually "blockchain OS", which is named after "bitcoin", which is also a tribute to the inventor "Satoshi Nakamoto". At present, from the technical details given by the bitcoin OS team, we may be able to see some aspects of this "blockchain 3.0" project
firstly, the management function of the account book system supports locating the ownership of resources according to the account ID, such as the private key; Computing resource management can obtain corresponding computing resources according to the demand, support edge computing, and share distributed computing power. In addition, storage resource management can use storage resources according to the demand, and support edge storage. Compared with bitcoin OS, Ethereum only supports account system and smart contract, which can not meet the distribution of distributed computing tasks. Ethereum only supports the fair execution of contract code, let alone the management of storage resources. So Ethereum is only a custom calculator
in addition, it is worth mentioning that bitcoin OS self customized enhanced smart contract. It supports two modes, which are more flexible and efficient
1. Central computing mode: the outgoing node is responsible for executing the smart contract, and both the incoming parameters and the output results support sipfs to be stored in the storage node
Distributed computing mode: ordinary nodes can claim computing tasks, input parameters and output results support sipfs storage to storage nodesfinally, we also need to mention the built-in sipfs super interstellar file system of bitcoin OS. Sipfs can realize the decentralized storage of technical input parameters and output parameters. At the same time, the file has a life cycle, and the DNA description of the file descriptor is recorded on the blockchain. The file descriptor of sipfs does not exist on the blockchain, but it will be stored in a separate file descriptor data file. After the end of the file life cycle, the blockchain will automatically delete the file descriptor, Realize the intelligent slimming of blockchain
"blockchain 3.0" is worth looking forward to, and bitcoin OS team, as the vanguard, is worth paying attention to and encouraging. We are looking forward to the real blockchain operating system
the core idea of cloud computing is & quot; Centralization;, Imagine that the future terminal itself no longer needs high-performance CPU, GPU, and storage space. All terminals are connected to the cloud, and every mirror and mobile phone are the entrance to the cloud. They do not (do not need) calculate and process data, and all of them are handed over to the cloud computing center for processing. The access terminal is only input and output. This idea is very good, but it is still a very distant goal for a long time to come
at this stage, the most practical and practical solutions are edge computing (front and back end mixed computing), decentralized distributed computing and fog computing. All terminals can become distributed computing nodes, and all terminals in a zone chain have parallel permissions. At present, this design idea has been applied in the development of cloud desktop.
at this stage, the most practical and practical solutions are edge computing (front and back mixed computing), decentralized distributed computing and fog computing. All terminals can become distributed computing nodes, and all terminals in a zone chain have parallel permissions. At present, this design idea has been applied in the development of cloud desktop.
like cloud computing, fog computing is very vivid. Clouds float in the sky, high above, out of reach, deliberately abstract; But the fog is realistic, close to the ground, right beside you and me. Fog computing is not made up of powerful servers, but of weaker and more dispersed computers, which infiltrate into factories, automobiles, electrical appliances, streetlights and all kinds of things in people's material life
the core idea of cloud computing is & quot; Centralization;, Imagine that the future terminal itself no longer needs high-performance CPU, GPU, and storage space. All terminals are connected to the cloud, and every mirror and mobile phone are the entrance to the cloud. They do not (do not need) calculate and process data, and all of them are handed over to the cloud computing center for processing. The access terminal is only input and output. This idea is very good, but it is still a very distant goal for a long time to come
at this stage, the most practical and practical solutions are edge computing (front and back end mixed computing), decentralized distributed computing and fog computing. All terminals can become distributed computing nodes, and all terminals in a zone chain have parallel permissions. At present, this design idea has been applied in the development of cloud desktop.
cloud computing is a computing mode that uses the Internet to achieve anytime, anywhere, on-demand, convenient use of shared computing facilities, storage devices, applications and other resources
cloud computing system is composed of cloud platform, cloud storage, cloud terminal and cloud security. As the basis of providing cloud computing services, cloud platform manages a large number of CPU, memory, switches and other hardware resources. It uses virtualization technology to integrate the resources of a data center or multiple data centers, shield the differences of different underlying devices, and provide users with computing environment, development platform, and service platform in a transparent way Software applications and other services
generally, cloud platform can be divided into public cloud, private cloud and hybrid cloud from the perspective of users
public cloud: a cloud platform where third-party providers provide services for users, and users can access the public cloud through the Internet
private cloud: it is set up for a single user and has high requirements for data storage, processing capacity and security
hybrid cloud: it combines the advantages of public cloud and private cloud
furthermore, from the level of service provision, it can be divided into infrastructure as a service (IAAs), platform as a service (PAAS) and software as a service (SaaS)<
fog computing
compared with cloud computing, fog computing is closer to the ground, right beside you and me. We know that it is more complex to import and export data from the cloud than people think. Because there are more and more access devices, the bandwidth is not enough to transmit data and obtain information, which provides space for the generation of fog computing
the concept of fog computing was put forward in 2011. It is not a powerful server, but a kind of computer with weaker performance and more scattered functions, which infiltrates into electrical appliances, factories, cars, street lights and various items in people's lives. Fog computing is between cloud computing and personal computing. It is a semi virtualized service computing architecture model, which emphasizes the number, no matter how weak the capacity of a single computing node is
fog computing has several obvious characteristics: low latency, location awareness, wide geographical distribution, adaptability to mobile applications, and support more edge nodes. These features make the deployment of mobile services more convenient and meet a wider range of node access
compared with cloud computing, the architecture of fog computing is more distributed and closer to the network edge. Fog computing concentrates data, data processing and applications on devices at the edge of the network, rather than storing almost all of them in the cloud as cloud computing does. Data storage and processing rely more on local devices than servers. Therefore, cloud computing is a new generation of centralized computing, while fog computing is a new generation of distributed computing, which is in line with the "decentralized" characteristics of the Internet
edge computing
edge computing refers to an open platform that integrates the core capabilities of network, computing, storage and application at the edge of the network near the object or data source, and provides edge intelligent services nearby, so as to meet the key needs of instry digitization in agile connection, real-time business, data optimization, application intelligence, security and privacy protection. At this point, do you think edge computing is similar to fog computing
generally speaking, the difference between fog computing and edge computing is that fog computing has a more hierarchical and flat architecture, in which several layers form a network, while edge computing depends on the indivial nodes that do not form a network. Fog computing has a wide range of peer-to-peer interconnection capabilities between nodes. Edge computing runs its nodes in an isolated island and needs to achieve peer-to-peer traffic transmission through the cloud
what is the difference between edge computing and cloud computing? Both of them are the ways of computing big data. But the difference is that this time, the data can be solved on the edge side without being sent to the remote cloud, which is more suitable for real-time data analysis and intelligent processing, and more efficient and safe
if the core of the Internet of things is to let each object connect and run intelligently, then edge computing is to realize the sensing, interaction and control between things through data analysis and processing“ As an architecture that extends computing, network and storage capacity from the cloud to the edge of Internet of things, edge computing follows the mode of "business application at the edge, management in the cloud".
bitcoin is a consensus network, contributing to a new payment system and a fully digital currency. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network, which is controlled by its users without a central management organization or middleman. From the user's point of view, bitcoin is much like Internet cash. Bitcoin can also be regarded as the most outstanding three style bookkeeping system
there are no relevant mainstream and instry media reports on MBL barter currency. It is suspected that it is a pyramid scheme, and there are also articles on the Internet revealing that it is a pyramid scheme. Before, bitcoin home, the mainstream bitcoin media website in the coin circle, reported similar pyramid schemes. You can check and compare them.