Digital currency Hsu

1. They don't care. There is a saying that we cherish each other. Different instries are all winners. There is no number one in the world.

2. "It is a famous proct in modern official coinage. In 1908, it was made by the Yinyuan Bureau of Jilin Province. Some scholars believe that this coin is a kind of sample coin made by Tianjin mint. On the front of the bead circle, the Chinese character "Qing Dynasty silver coin" is engraved, and the character "Ji" is engraved in the middle of the four characters. On the outside of the bead circle, the Manchu character "Guangxu nianzao" is cast, and the lower one "Kuping one or two" is cast; In the center of the back, there is a picture of a flat dragon. On the outside, there is a picture of Guangxu in English at the upper end, a picture of Kuping in English at the lower end, and six flower stars on both sides. There are two types of Kushen Jizi Da Qing silver coins, namely, the real weight Kushen Jizi Da Qing silver coins (45 mm in diameter) and the real weight Kushen Jizi Da Qing silver coins (39 mm in diameter), with the thickness of 2.5 mm. There are obvious differences between the two types of silver coin characters and dragon pictures. This proct is a real weight banknote with a diameter of 45mm. Due to the rarity, many experts have never seen the real silver coins. Ma Dingxiang, a master of coins, once found and collected one type of silver coins in Nanjing, which was lost in the cultural revolution and could not be found when Ma died. I have visited and investigated the modern mechanism silver coins for a long time. Fortunately, two types of silver coins have been uploaded on the Internet to share with our friends. "

few netizens discussed the coin on the website and published relevant articles. It may be that the coin is indeed rare and difficult to collect. Moreover, it is affected by the fact that Mr. Ma, the collector, once collected and owned it, but lost it. Now, as long as netizens ask for identification or discussion on the coin, the result is "counterfeit", This is understandable. There are plenty of people who are in vast territory and abundant resources, and there are many people who are not hiding. Many experts hold a wait-and-see attitude to see how they talk about the currency. Now I generous with your criticism and take the lead in discussing this currency.
first of all, the above-mentioned netizens mentioned that "there are two different formats of Wushen Jizi Qing silver coins in kuping-1-2... There are obvious differences between the" characters "and the" dragon map "of the two formats of silver coins." I have different opinions on this point - they should be the same, except for the differences in weight, the rest are the same. At that time, the Qing court suffered from internal and external troubles and was in chaos, There is no spare time for similar coins and different moles. Besides, the design concept and conception of this coin are extremely ingenious, which can not be completed in a short time. Therefore, I would like to explain "design concept, layout, secret notes, etc." of this coin< Second,
(1) the coin [obverse] - the Manchu "Guangxu nianzao" and the following Chinese "Kuping No.2" all have a little "left silver" phenomenon, especially the Manchu "Guangxu nianzao", where the left silver presents a small bead appearance. Many so-called star "appraisal teachers" conclude that it is "fake", which is not objective, This "feature" is described in detail later
(2) the surface of the coin is still very clean on the whole, surrounded by the inner bead circle, and many bead circle base points (contact points with the coin surface) are surrounded by small arc circles, which is difficult for any clever counterfeiter to do
(3) if you are familiar with the word "one" or two, it seems that it has appeared in many silver coins. Please look for it< (4) all the characters (positive and negative) on the coin are not bright and smooth, but are stacked and connected by many small arc lines with the same direction, which is very special from top to bottom< (5) there are no two star dots on the left and right sides of the coin (except for one or two households in Kuping and one or two Beiyang in Kuping). Except for the big four character font of "Qing Dynasty silver coin" in the middle, the other Manchu and Chinese characters are of the same size, and the width of the coin is the same. The purpose is to "balance" and "harmony" Kuping one or two households, Kuping one or two Beiyang, Chinese characters are much larger than Manchu font, you can refer to the comparison)
3,

(1), the coin [reverse dragon shape] - is very lively Let's not talk about the English alphabet for the moment). First, let's look at the design concept, coin configuration and "secret notes" of the whole dragon shape on the layout
first of all, we want to establish a concept that "we Chinese people stress" Yin, Yang "," golden mean "and" coordination "in Taiji. Of course, it is the same with the jade seals and coins of the state. Maybe we should pay more attention to" the upper is Yang and the lower is Yin, just as the heaven is Yang and the earth is Yin "
on the head of the coin is a fan-shaped dragon crown with a big head in the middle. There are two big dragon horns on the left and right sides. Next to the Dragon horns are dragon whiskers (two long and one short on the right). Why don't there be three dragon whiskers on the left? Isn't it unbalanced? Designers forget it! no, it isn't! Because the design experts placed the left dragon arm and dragon claw in the vacant space, there was no extra space. Therefore, through the ingenious design arrangement, they moved the three dragon whiskers down and placed them at the bend of the dragon body on the left side, that is, what we see now is the Chinese character "three". In this way, they are "symmetrical", impartial and fill in the extra space, One hundred percent perfect< (2) it's time to have a good talk about the Chinese character "three". Have you ever thought about why we don't just design it as a Chinese character? If you want to make three strokes in such a crooked way, it is meaningful and indicative. A. It stands for the three dragon whiskers on the left. It is a dragon whisker. Of course, it needs a curve to have meaning and beauty. B. At the same time, a "secret sign" is set up here. From the end of the third stroke of the "three" character (the point that hangs down), 45 degrees down, that is, the direction of 4 o'clock, we can find that there are three very round and bright "little beads" at the junction of the dragon's abdomen and the right lower arm. This is secret sign 1. Looking up from the "three" character to 11 o'clock, we can find that there are two dragon claws on the left, which are also made up of three small beads, with their backbone and joints. There are nine small dragon spines on the left and right sides of the dragon mouth, and nine dragon tails. In general, the shape of the dragon is closely related to the number of "three".

3. There are two main types of silver coins in Qing Dynasty: Kuping one or two coins and Kuping seven coins. One or two of them were cast in the early period, most of them are rare and precious. Qiqian Dichen was later recast to match the weight of foreign currency, generally with a large quantity. But at present, there are few silver coins with a weight of one or two. Many silver coins weighing one or two, such as Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Xinjiang, Kashgar, Taiwan and Guangxi, have not been introced. It is believed that silver coins weighing one or two in these provinces do not exist. However, the catalogue of precious coins purchased by a coin shop before the liberation on the Internet now includes "Guangxu Yuanbao Kuping one or two silver coins made in Guangxi Province". One or two silver coins of Guangxu Yuanbao Kuping in Anhui Province also exist. The Chinese characters on the front of the coin are different from those on the back. The writing of Pinyin is "an-hwei service". Here's "one tail.". The Pinyin characters and "33" numbers on the silver coins are the layout on the back of Guangxu Yuanbao in the 33rd year. This kind of silver coins is not the original real silver coins, but the Coiners before liberation deliberately coined the face molds of various silver coins of province a and the back molds of silver coins of Province C in order to cater to the hobby of collecting wrong type coins in the collection circle. This kind of phenomenon is very common in Kuping's one or two or seven cent silver coins. The material of this kind of silver coin is also silver, but they are not original silver coins, nor are they usually misprinted silver coins.

4. It's a fake. The weight of one or two silver coins of the Qing Dynasty official scale is really about 37 grams. This figure can be obtained by normal conversion according to the data at that time, and can be found on the Internet. But in fact, the one or two silver coins made by the government are not so heavy. The weight of Zhou Yeyong's one or two silver coins is just a forgery by the forgers according to the normal data. In the Qing Dynasty, one or two types of silver coins were generally about 35g, almost not reaching 36g, let alone weighing more than 36g close to 37G
in terms of the diameter, the diameter of one or two silver coins of various types in the silver coin market and in the museum collection: Hubei one or two silver coins, Yunnan Dafu silver coins, Yunnan Lutou silver coins, Xinjiang silver coins, Xinjiang Xiangping one or two silver coins is about 41mm and the thickness is 2.5mm. There is no one with a diameter of 45 mm
in this way, it is easy to understand the data of Zhou Yeyong's jizikuping one or two silver coins. If we want to press the silver coins with the same thickness as the real ones with materials that exceed the weight of the real ones and have different compositions from the real ones, then the diameter of this silver coin has to be much larger than that of the real ones?

5.

It means: in the 34th year of Guangxu reign, it appeared on the silver coins of the 34th year of Beiyang reign

the silver coin of Beiyang 34 is the silver coin of Beiyang government issued in 1908. The foundry is Beiyang steel works. It was the 34th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty

the small character version of Beiyang 34 silver coin refers to the number of 34 years, which is relatively small. In fact, it is not obvious that the dragon of this version is not a 34 year dragon, but the mint changed the version of Beiyang dragon of 33 years to 34 years, and then minted it. The 34th year of Beiyang was 1908, and the Guangxu silver yuan made by Beiyang was the predecessor of Beiyang Machinery Bureau, Tianjin arms Machinery Bureau

extended materials:

related historical origins:

in the late Qing Dynasty, the monetary system was disordered, the patterns and quality of silver coins made in different provinces were not consistent, the prices were high and low, and they could not be used in common, so the market circulation was extremely difficult and prone to malpractice

although the "rules of currency system" was issued in 1910, and the "silver coins of the Qing Dynasty in the third year of Xuantong" were coined in the following year, before they were issued, Wuchang Uprising happened, that is to say, they were used as military salaries, which only added one kind of silver to the market. The so-called "rules of currency system" also ended with the Qing Dynasty

6.

Obverse:

in the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, one or two silver coins of Kuping, the Yuanbao of Emperor Guangxu in Beiyang, were minted in the 33rd year of Emperor Guangxu (1907), Only one or two silver coins with a very small casting amount entered the circulation field

extended data:

Guangxu Yuanbao was one of the currency in circulation ring the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei Province, first introced the British coining machine to proce silver and copper coins, and then the provinces followed suit. There are 19 provincial bureaus casting, except for the central household department, local provinces casting copper yuan, all in its front edge engraved with the name of the province

Beiyang Longyang is a large series in the history of modern machine coinage in China. Its coinage lasted for a long time (from the 22nd year of Guangxu to the 34th year of Guangxu [1896-1908]). After more than ten years, the coinage has been replaced several times. Even in the same coinage, many factors, such as mold repair, coin material, technology, factory management, etc., often lead to extremely complicated editions

7. On the back of the coin, there is a pattern of two dragons grabbing pearls, hu-peh service in English, and one Manchu on the left and one on the right. Hu-peh service is Hubei Province, so it is an imitation set mold handicraft.
authentic: Kirin. - Shu kuoprng one, tael

8. There are no people who have nothing to ask for. At least 99.8% of them have different desires. It's just that you may not find what they're asking for. Desire never has an end, but different people express it in different ways. And managers must understand the needs of each subordinate, which can naturally stimulate them

in other words, what should we do when we really encounter 0.2% nothing. Generally speaking, they can be threatened. If they don't fight for what they have now, they may lose what they have now. Of course, this method is also universally applicable. Especially for civil servants. After all, high pay for clean government does not mean high pay. There must be a lot of constraints to achieve incentive effect.