Loudi digital currency

1. Gansu Tianshui Wushan Luomen antique market

2. This paper summarizes some welfare benefits of civil servants from the Internet for your reference
1. Civil servants adopt the rank salary system, including basic salary, post salary, rank salary and length of service salary. The other is welfare, such as various allowances, bonuses and subsidies. During the probation period, there is only the basic salary, and only the position and grade salary can be obtained after the probation period< 2. Basic salary:
2800 yuan for clerks; 3000 yuan for section staff; 3100 yuan for deputy section level; 3300 yuan for the department level; 3600 yuan for deputy department level; RMB 4000 for the department level; 4400 yuan for deputy department level; 5000 yuan for the main hall level; 5500 yuan for vice ministry level; It's 6000 yuan at the ministerial level
clerks will be treated as section members in the third anniversary; Section members will be treated as deputy section level for five years; The tenth anniversary of the deputy section level is treated as the main section level; The tenth anniversary of the department level is treated as the deputy department level; The tenth anniversary of the deputy department level is treated as the principal department level; For the first time, the basic salary is determined according to the job benefits corresponding to the accumulated years
length of service wage:
60 yuan per year, calculated by virtual year, paid monthly. Every three years
reward salary:
300 yuan per month, which will be stopped in January of the next year for those who fail in the annual assessment, and will continue to be paid until January of the next year for those who pass the assessment. Every three years
subsidized salary:
car subsidy, paid monthly with salary, standard = basic salary ÷ Five, every one into ten
heating subsidy, paid once a year, standard = basic salary ÷ 3. Enter ten every time
attendance allowance: 30 yuan per day for normal work, 30 yuan per day for casual work, and 0 yuan for sick leave, personal leave and national holidays approved by the unit leader. Every three years
mountain area subsidy, rural and mountain civil servants enjoy mountain area subsidy, standard = basic salary ÷ 10. It is issued monthly and adjusted once every three years
regional differential subsidy, which is determined according to the actual situation
except that pension and Medicaid are implemented according to the current policies, all existing subsidies such as provident fund and one-child fee are abolished
the basic salary of new staff:
Senior High School, technical school and technical secondary school are determined by clerks; Junior college is determined by section members; The undergraate course is determined by the level of deputy section; The master's degree is determined by the rank of regular subject
retired civil servants and reference civil servant managers
retirement cost = pre retirement salary × 80% Every three years.

3. You are rich ~
if it is a real version, it will have a high collection value. Amazing!

4. Stock market is fictitious economy, what we usually see is real economy!! Banks and bond companies are also speculating in the virtual economy. The volume of the virtual economy in 2008 was about 10 to 15 times that of the real economy! The rise and fall of virtual economy is mainly determined by people's views on the future direction. For example, if people think that a stock has a good development prospect, it will rise, otherwise it will fall. It doesn't need so much real money to raise it
so many times, the stock market crash is just a stock disaster, not a financial crisis, and its losses are limited to various investors. It is called the financial crisis because the stock market crash has affected the real economy and people's daily life, but this financial crisis has no substantial impact on China's real economy, so the landlord should not worry too much
as for the fund itself mentioned by the landlord is the fund in the virtual market, it is not missing, but devalued! For example, you bought it for 100 yuan at that time, but now the world is not good, and your 100 yuan thing is only worth 50 yuan
the state's tax revenue is from the real economy, but it may be less e to the recent market downturn
this financial crisis is a rare event in a century, so basically there is no winner, because in addition to its large size, another reason is that it makes the neoliberal monetary economy, which the western society has been proud of for hundreds of years, a joke! Westerners from classical economics to neoclassical economics, then to Keynes Deficit Fiscal government intervention economy and Friedman's neoliberal monetary economy! Basically, they have thought that their capitalist system can overcome the so-called financial crisis, and this financial crisis completely broke their ideas. They began to face up to the book "capital", which says that capitalism can develop only through the financial crisis
the financial crisis in 2008 is far from over, so we don't know what kind of financial market reform will be in Europe, but we can be sure that we are lucky to be in an era of great reform of the financial system that is about to begin!!

5. The decline of the stock market index is caused by the decline of the stock (the stock index reflects the rise and fall of the stock)

stocks are not all zero sum games

zero sum game means that if someone pays for it, someone will make it. And the loss is equal to the profit, such as gambling, futures

the stock is a virtual economy. When the stock goes up, almost everyone makes money. When the stock goes down, almost everyone loses money
for example, if you have an antique, some experts say it's worth 100000 yuan. After a while, some people say it's worth 1 million yuan. Your wealth (virtual) has increased, but no one has lost money. After a period of time, it was said that it could only be worth 500000 yuan. Your wealth (virtual) decreased, but no one made money

the market is in a slump, and almost no one makes money. The money that shareholders lose is e to the re pricing of stocks

however, if you sell 1 million antiques and buy 500000 antiques, you should earn 500000, so the capital of the stock market is made a little by those who sell high and buy low or buy high.

6. In fact, there is no money missing. When you understand the principle of stocks, you will understand it.

let me give you a simple example:

a buys a stock, the purchase price is 10 yuan, and then the stock price rises to 50 yuan. A sells, and if it sells, it will buy. If a sells, it means B takes over, B takes over at 50 yuan, and then the stock price falls from 50 yuan to 10 yuan, The 40 yuan lost by B is earned by A.

of course, there is no such simple and complete transaction in the market. It is usually more complex, but the principle of capital flow is like this.
the money you said evaporated has already been transferred to the people who made profits some time ago when he started to fall

7. Tell you a story, you will understand the operation of the stock market and the evaporation of the problem is how to proce

suppose there are two people selling Shaobing in a market, and there are only two people. Let's call them Shaobing A and Shaobing B

assume that their pancake prices are not regulated by the price bureau

suppose that they can keep their capital (including their labor value) by selling one yuan for each pancake

suppose that they have the same number of pancakes

- all economic models are like this, and many assumptions are needed

suppose their business is very bad, and there is no one who buys Shaobing. So they stood bored for a long time

A says it's boring< B said it was boring

you who read the story say: it's boring

the market is very inactive at this time

in order to make everyone not bored, a said to B: shall we play a game? B: Yes

so the story begins

Party A pays one yuan for Party B's baked cake, and Party B pays one yuan for Party A's baked cake, which is delivered in cash

Party A will spend another two yuan on Party B's baked cake, and Party B will also spend two yuan on Party A's baked cake, which will be delivered in cash

Party A will pay another three yuan for Party B's baked cake, and Party B will pay three yuan for Party A's baked cake in cash

so in the eyes of the whole market (including you who read the story), the price of pancakes soared, and soon rose to 60 yuan per pancake. But as long as a and B have the same number of pancakes, no one will make money and no one will lose money, but their assets will be "increased" after revaluation! Party A and Party B have "wealth" many times higher than in the past. Their value has increased a lot and their market value has increased a lot

at this time, a passer-by named C. when he passed by an hour ago, he knew that Shaobing was one yuan a piece. Now he found that it was 60 yuan a piece. He was very surprised

an hour later, passer-by Bing was even more surprised to find that the Shaobing was already 100 yuan a piece

another hour later, passer-by Bing found that the price of Shaobing was 120 yuan. He did not hesitate to buy one because he was an investor and speculator. He was sure that the price of Shaobing would go up, and there was still room to go up. In addition, someone gave a "target price" of more than 200 yuan (in the stock market, he was called a shareholder, and the person who gave the target price was called a researcher)

under the demonstration effect of "making money" of Shaobing A and Shaobing B, and even the demonstration effect of passer-by C, there are more and more passers-by who buy Shaobing, more and more people participate in the business, and the price of Shaobing is rising. All people are very happy, because it's very strange: no one is losing money

at this time, you can imagine that the one who has less pancakes, that is, the one who has less assets, will really make money. Those who participate in the purchase will make money if they don't have pancakes! And those who sold it regretted it - because the price of pancakes is still rising rapidly
who lost money

the answer is: no one is losing money, because many people who pay a high price to buy Shaobing hold a recognized high-quality equivalent asset - Shaobing! And pancakes are obviously better than cash! How much interest can cash deposit bank have? Which is comparable to the soaring price of pancakes? Even we all agree that the market is short of demand for Shaobing. Can we buy Shaobing futures? So there are warrants

someone asked: will you never lose money when you buy Shaobing? It seems so. But the world is so strange. Suddenly, a man named Li Zi came to the market. Li Zi said, "when you lose money! Which day will everyone lose money

suppose one: there is a price department in the market, who thinks that the price of Shaobing should be one yuan each Hypothesis 2: there are a lot of pancakes in the market, and the price is one yuan each Hypothesis 3: there are many procts available for playing this game in the market Hypothesis 4: you suddenly find that this is just a pancake Value discovery)

Hypothesis 5: no one is willing to play the game of trading with each other any more The truth is clear)

if one day, any hypothesis appears, then on this day, people who have pancakes will lose money! So who made the money? Is the least possession of assets - pancake people

the story of selling pancakes is very simple. Everyone thinks that people who buy pancakes at high prices are fools, but let's look back at the people in our stock market. This is not the case with some of the so-called asset revaluation and asset injection in this market? In the case of high P / E ratio and high asset premium, the principle of asset injection is the same as that of selling pancakes. Whoever occupies the least assets is the one who makes money and the one who gains high returns

therefore, as an investor, we should treat asset revaluation and asset injection rationally, cheat others, not ourselves, especially our own money

for the asset injection under the high P / E ratio, especially for the backdoor listing of securities companies, the purchase of large shareholder's assets by additional issuance, the real estate of additional issuance and so on, we must polish our eyes and be cautious again

because you are likely to become a passer-by with high price pancakes.

8. In 1953, the second edition of RMB paper denomination was divided into the original version with Arabic numerals, a set of three brand-new procts with a price of about 1160 yuan (100 yuan, 60 yuan and 1000 yuan respectively). In the 1980s, the second edition only had Roman numerals, and a set of brand-new procts with a price of about 8 yuan. May refer to some price transaction.

9. Stock market evaporates 24 trillion, who makes money
the Shanghai stock index dropped sharply from 6124 points on October 16 last year to 1664.93 points, the lowest point of Shanghai stock index yesterday, with the biggest drop of nearly 73%; And with the stock index declining, the market value of the two cities is also like a flood, out of control. According to statistics, the market value has evaporated nearly 24 trillion since last year's peak. Lamented investors can not help but wonder, where has our real money gone

the amount of evaporation is amazing: 24 trillion

What does 24 trillion mean? 24 trillion, more than China's GDP in 2006; It is equivalent to building 18 Beijing Shanghai high-speed railways; Equivalent to the sum of nearly 344 assets of Warren Buffett, such a huge wealth has been virtually wiped out

not only the market value of the stock market, but also the wealth of the executives of many listed companies is rapidly "evaporated" e to the impact of the stock market crash. The stock market value of Huang Guangyu, the general manager of Gome, dropped from HK $10 billion to about HK $5 billion e to the sharp drop in the share price; Wang Shi, Vanke's chief executive, has lost nearly 100 million yuan in the market value of his shares. The market value of the shares in the accounts of more than 200 incentive objects has lost more than 1.59 billion yuan in total< There is an irrefutable scientific truth: energy is conserved and matter is immortal. That is to say, nothing will disappear without any reason. Matter is eternal. The same is true of stocks. Analysts say that although China's stock market claims to have evaporated 24 trillion yuan, it is actually only a few trillion yuan of actual investment. It is these trillions of funds that have increased the overall market value of a shares

Zhang Yong, chief analyst of Great Wall Securities, believes that the stock market is a virtual economy, and the stock price is just a currency symbol, representing different numbers at different points. Two thirds of the whole stock market is in the non circulation state, and the decline of circulation price proces a certain leverage effect“ As a matter of fact, the stock market is the 4 trillion yuan of liquidity, which drives 13 trillion yuan of capital flow. The market value calculated at that time did not mean that there were so many currencies in the stock market. "

to take a simple example, if you have three mu of land and sell one mu to others at the price of 10000 yuan, the market price is 10000 yuan, and if you have two mu, the value is 20000 yuan. Later, the man transferred the land to another person, and the transaction cost 20000 yuan, so the market price per mu rose to 20000 yuan. So your assets will have to be recalculated to 40000 yuan. In the end, that mu of land was repeatedly traded, and the person who finally took over spent 1 million yuan, so the latest market price reached 1 million yuan, and your assets have to be recalculated, you have 2 million yuan. Later, when the economy was depressed, the person who took over the offer was forced to sell the land for 10000 yuan, and the market price returned to 10000 yuan. Your assets return to their original shape, from 2 million yuan to the starting point of 20000 yuan, and 1.98 million yuan evaporated in the middle. In fact, it is a paper rich, there is no real loss of money

it can be seen that the evaporation of market value is not the same as the shrinkage of real wealth. The miracle of evaporation stems from the phenomenon of "marginal crowding". That is to say, only 10% of the stocks traded in a certain trading day can bring the stock price to an incredible height, and then the other 90% of the stocks that did not participate in the trading will automatically share this "crazy glory". So, Market value is a monster, it has its own exaggerated "digital leverage"

five types of "people" make money

then there are investors to ask, since not so much money has been evaporated, what about the money actually evaporated? Has anyone made money? The answer is yes. But it's not our retail investors who make money

What about the money in the stock market? Where is the money? Analysts say that there are five types of "people" who have made money. One is tax revenue and brokerage income; Second, the listed companies and the "big and small non" of the company; Third, those who master market information; Fourth, hot money; Fifth, very few retail investors

the first category

state tax and securities companies' income

needless to say, the state and securities companies make money as long as the stock market is still in operation, no matter whether they make money or lose money. It's just a matter of more or less. Every year, they range from hundreds of millions to tens of billions. In the first half of this year, the stamp ty on securities reached 83.6 billion yuan. In the first three quarters, the commission income of securities companies also reached 79.92 billion yuan. Of course, it's a matter of course. It's the same all over the world. I can only pray that the management can lower the tax rate a little bit<

the second category

listed companies and "big and small non" companies are also the main force to make money. In the first half of the year, the listed companies raised 224.4 billion yuan by various means. The latter relies on investors to cash out at a high price with real gold and silver. In the first eight months of this year, large and small non tradable shares cashed out 33.443 billion yuan< In this information age, information is wealth. In the stock market, which is an information asymmetry market, those who master the information can make money

there is a group of people who, after getting reliable inside information, lend tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of funds from the bank by virtue of their relationship, operate rapidly in a few weeks or months, make a big profit, then return it to the bank and exit the stock market. No wonder some people say that the richest people in China are not the entrepreneurs in public, but the "capitalists" behind the scenes who secretly mobilize billions or even tens of billions. Others say that there are mainly two types of people who have completed the accumulation of private original capital in China: one is people who have privatized state-owned assets; the other is people who have completed the accumulation of private original capital; Second, insider trading in the securities market. This may be a bit exaggerated, but it is really thought-provoking

the fourth type of hot money is fast in and fast out, which is hot money. It refers to the short-term assets flowing between financial markets in pursuit of high profits. It has the characteristics of strong speculation, fast liquidity and obvious tendency

the characteristic of hot money in the stock market is fast in and fast out. Generally, it only blocks the stocks with a rise of about 7%. After quickly pulling up the trading board, it hangs a huge order to block the trading board. If it has enough chips before the trading, then the blocking is just for the purpose of shipping tomorrow. The next day, they will use the funds to make the stock price open higher, then quickly pull up to attract more, and then quickly sell. Generally, the retail investors who are chasing up have not responded yet. They have retreated completely< Of course, since China's state-owned securities market, there have been investment masters with assets ranging from tens of thousands of yuan to hundreds of millions of yuan. However, that's only one in a million. For example, the famous stock god "Yang million", in fact, most of the retail investors who make money are lucky. However, more investors are "going to hell". Recently, Yiwu, a small investor in Loudi, Hunan Province, reported by the media, started to invest in stocks on March 13 last year. In one year, his savings and loans of 240000 yuan have shrunk by less than 7000 yuan, and his monthly salary is only more than 1000 yuan. According to the bill, the "stock god" has made 500 transactions and paid more than 30000 yuan in handling charges and stamp ty in just one year. His two companions have the same experience as him

there is a typical name for the funds of retail investors in the history of securities in the world called "stupid money". Walter Bagehot, editor in chief of the economist, once made a classic description of "stupid money" and said, "these wealth, which we call" stupid money ", are extremely huge and eager. If they throw in their arms, they will create upstarts; If they collide with anyone, there will be speculators; If they flee quickly, they leave behind fear and depression. "

Why do most retail investors' funds evaporate quickly< According to statistics, in the current A-share market, small and medium-sized investors with a market value of less than 1 million yuan account for 99.4% of the total, accounting for 50% of the total market value. These people are collectively referred to as "retail investors" in the instry. As an ordinary investor, it is impossible to keep the income from drought and flood as finance and securities companies do. It is impossible to have the low-cost advantage of "big and small non", and it is also impossible to "finance" from the stock market. Therefore, in order to succeed in the stock market, the only way for retail investors to make money is to buy at a low level and escape from the top at a high level

since the establishment of China's stock market, the media have reported that the lucky investment experts who speculated from tens of thousands of yuan to hundreds of millions of assets, however, this can only be counted in millions, and the probability of occurrence is not much higher than that of buying lottery tickets. What's more, a large number of investors made a little money in the initial stage of stock speculation, and finally lost all their old capital. Why do retail investors always become the last payer, but not the winner forever? The answer is that retail investors are only retail investors after all, which is "fate"

on the one hand, retail investors are afraid of falling and their principal is limited. Therefore, when the market really falls to the bottom, it is either too scared to enter the market, or it is because there is no money in hand, and it is not enough to "buy the bottom". As a result, it is difficult for retail investors to buy at a low price

moreover, retail investors like to follow suit and catch up with the market. When the stock market has gone up for a period of time and has accumulated a considerable increase, most ordinary investors begin to care about the stock market. At this time, there is no big cost advantage to speak of. With the stock market entering the main rising stage, the unique charm of "making fast money" began to attract more and more investors to join the stock market, and madly hyped those iconic hot stocks. Out of the greedy consideration of "earning a little more and leaving", most people who entered the high position were no longer willing to leave the market. As they are reluctant to leave the market, retail investors can only sink deeper and deeper in the subsequent bear market, and "make up positions" on bargain hunting until the last bullet is exhausted.

10. Citigroup, the banking giant, has developed three blockchains and tested a virtual currency called citicoin on them. Because Citibank wants to ensure that it is always at the forefront of high and new technology, how can it ignore blockchain, an innovative distributed accounting system technology? This will also facilitate Citibank's use of this technology in the future
according to Ken Moore, head of Citigroup's Innovation Lab, in the past few years, Citigroup has been observing blockchain technology, and has created "a technology project equivalent to bitcoin" in its lab, as well as its own token "citicoin"
Moore said: "we are running three independent systems inside the bank, which is actually equivalent to blockchain distributed general ledger technology. However, these systems are still in the testing stage and are not really used to manage funds. "
Citibank is exploring how to use blockchain technology to realize cross-border payment, Moore said: "because we are a global network and a global bank, we should explore how to use this technology to realize the circulation of funds between countries and in our banking network."
Moore said that Citibank has been engaged in dialogue with the government and regulators on the blockchain distributed general ledger technology, explaining to them the potential of this technology, or each government can create its own digital currency
in addition to Citibank, major financial institutions and banks, including Nasdaq, Santander and UBS, are exploring how they can use blockchain distributed general ledger technology. One of Australia's largest banks, Western Pacific Bank, recently announced that it will join coinbase through its reinventure venture capital fund