Types and identification of digital currency
bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
bitcoin is very similar to cash
the advantages of bitcoin are: no freezing, no tracking, no taxes, and extremely low transaction costs. Compared with people who speculate in currency, it is wealth, and people outside the currency circle may think it is a fraud
bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcash, EOS, REBO, etc. are the mainstream digital currencies, which can be properly invested. All transactions have risks. You can invest cautiously. You can search online for fire coin, coin security, OK, dobby trading platforms, etc. all of which can trade bitcoin. These are relatively large trading platforms, investing in mainstream digital currencies, and Don't invest in counterfeit money or air money.
definition of digital currency:
the alternative currency in the form of electronic currency belongs to digiccy
digital currency is a kind of unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as the digital expression of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency, but because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, and can also be transferred, stored or traded electronically
digital currency can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm
the core characteristics of digital currency are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, e to some open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing subject, so no one or institution can control its issuing; ② Because the number of algorithm solutions is fixed, the total amount of digital currency is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by the overuse of virtual currency; ③ Because the transaction process needs the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough
the emergence of bitcoin poses a great challenge to the existing monetary system. Although it belongs to the generalized virtual currency, it is essentially different from the virtual currency issued by network enterprises, so it is called digital currency. This paper compares digital currency with electronic currency and virtual currency from the aspects of issuing subject, scope of application, issuing quantity, storage form, circulation mode, credit guarantee, transaction cost and transaction security.
digital currency is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
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1. Litecoin is similar to bitcoin, which is also an encrypted digital currency, and its price has risen sharply recently. It is a P2P open source digital currency, which can be regarded as a branch of bitcoin. However, although lightcoin is based on bitcoin protocol, it does not require very high computing power. It can also be mined using ordinary computers. Lightcoin's algorithm comes from the algorithm designed by Dr Colin Percival for tarsnap secure online backup service (backup for Linux and other open source operating systems)
2. Namecoin
namecoin is also based on bitcoin, which is another branch of open source. Namecoin is a distributed DNS protocol -- generally speaking, it can transform the website name (such as ifeng. Com) that can be understood by human into the address that can be understood by machine. As its own DNS, this kind of currency can operate outside the normal Internet, so it can break away from the control of ICANN
the monetary value and domain name of namecoin are stored in the user's blockchain records, limiting the total number to 21 million
3. Peercoin
peercoin is a peer-to-peer variant of bitcoin, which can improve mining efficiency and security, and improve safeguard measures to avoid group mining. Now, group mining has been considered as a potential defect of bitcoin. According to the statistics of emerging currencies by coinmarketcap.com, peercoin currently ranks fourth in the market value of digital currencies
4. Primecoin
primecoin is a cryptocurrency similar to bitcoin, but it uses a completely independent mining algorithm. Bitcoin uses the hashcash algorithm, while prime coin uses the long Cunningham chains to create the value of money - a sequence of prime numbers named after mathematician AJC Cunningham
in the process of bitcoin mining, as the amount of money goes on, the difficulty will increase sharply. But prime is different. Every time a primecoin is mined, the mining difficulty will increase slightly, and the process is much more stable< 5. Feathercoin
based on the design of litecoin, released in April 2013, can adjust the mining difficulty more frequently than litecoin. Feathercoin will be updated frequently, adding new features and improvements to eliminate malicious mining behavior
6. Novacoin
another P2P digital cryptocurrency. Novacoin is different from most other currencies in that it integrates a protection mechanism in the currency core, which can identify illegal mining activities
the total number of novacoin is limited to 2 billion, which is considerable. If necessary, the total can be adjusted upward
7, infinitech
published in June 2013. A by-proct of litecain. According to the mining situation and the total amount of money, infinite money can frequently adjust the mining difficulty ratio< Megacoin was only released in the fourth quarter of 2013, imitating bitcoin in the early stage. The total number of megacoin is limited to 42 million, which can be mined like other virtual currencies. Its biggest selling point is brand publicity, which other digital currencies lack< It was released in 2013 and is still in its infancy. In the security part of quarkcoin, nine independent loops are deployed and six different algorithms are used.
1. Bitcoin
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
2. Litecoin (LTC) is an improved version of digital currency inspired by bitcoin. It was designed and implemented by a programmer who worked in Google. It was released on November 9, 2011. Lightcoin and bitcoin have the same implementation principle in technology, but the creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol, which is not managed by any central organization
extended data
characteristics of bitcoin currency:
1. Decentralization: bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the whole network is composed of users without a central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of bitcoin's security and freedom
2. Global circulation: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin
3. Exclusive ownership: private key is needed to control bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself
4. Low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution
made by Changsha Bureau of land and resources
mining right contract
Article 1 both parties of this Contract:
transferor: Changsha Bureau of land and resources, Hunan Province, people's Republic of China
transferee:
according to the mineral resources law of the people's Republic of China, the Interim Provisions on the administration of mining right transfer, the According to the contract law of the people's Republic of China and other laws and regulations, both parties enter into this contract on the principle of equality, voluntariness, compensation and good faith
Article 2 the transferor transfers the mining right according to the authorization of the law, and the ownership of the mineral resources transferred belongs to the people's Republic of China. The state has jurisdiction and administrative power conferred by the Constitution and the law, as well as other powers exercised by the state in accordance with the laws of the people's Republic of China and rights and interests necessary for the interests of the public. The state ownership of mineral resources does not change with the land ownership or the right to use. The land use right attached to mineral resources does not belong to the scope of mining right transfer
Article 2 the mineral resources transferred to the transferee under this contract are located in
, and the inflection point coordinates of the mining area are shown in the annex for details, with the mining area of square kilometers and the mining depth of meter meter meter
Article 4 the main mineral species of the mineral resources transferred under this contract are: the mining method is mining, and the mining method is mining method< Article 5 the transferor agrees to deliver the transferred mineral resources to the transferee before (mm / DD / yyyy). According to the resource reserve evaluation report provided by the geological exploration unit, the transferred resource reserves under this contract are recoverable reserves tons
Article 6 according to the approved development and utilization plan of mineral resources and the mineral resources reserves within the mining scope, the service life of the transferred mine under this contract is years, and the proction scale of the mine is tons / year
Article 7 according to the relevant provisions on payment of mining right price, the price of the transferred mining right under this contract is RMB (in figures). Among them, yuan was handed over to the Provincial Department of land and resources; Turn over to Changsha Bureau of land and resources yuan; Turn in county (city)
yuan. However, the price of mining right stipulated in this contract does not include registration fee, mining right use fee and mineral resource compensation fee, and the transaction expenses of mining right have been dected
Article 8 the transferee agrees to pay the price of the mining right to the transferor in accordance with the provisions of paragraph () of this article, and pay it separately according to the amount determined by the transferor
(1) within days from the date of signing this contract, the above mining right price shall be paid in one lump sum
(2) pay the above mining right price to the transferor in installments according to the following time and amount
the first installment is RMB in words (in figures), and the payment time is before mm / DD / yyyy
the second installment of RMB in words (in figures), payment time: before mm / DD / yyyy
the third installment of RMB in words (in figures), payment time: before mm / DD / yyyy
the fourth installment of RMB in words (in figures), payment time: before (mm / DD / yyyy)
in case of policy adjustment, the new policy shall be implemented< Article 9 the grantee agrees to complete the infrastructure construction of the mine and start mining mineral resources before
if the mineral resources cannot be mined on schele, it shall be reported to the transferor in advance
Article 10 the grantee must organize proction in strict accordance with the mining area, mining types, proction scale, mining methods and mining methods specified in the approved plan for the development and utilization of mineral resources, so as to ensure the rational and effective utilization of mineral resources and the safe proction of the mine< Article 11 in case of any of the following circumstances ring the period of validity of the mining license, the transferee shall go through the change registration with the original license issuing authority:
(1) expand or narrow the scope of the mining area
(2) change of main mining minerals< (3) change of mining method< (4) change the name of mining enterprises
Article 12 the Grantee shall not transfer the mining right to another person for mining operation by means of contracting. If it is necessary to transfer the mining right, both parties to the transfer must apply to the original license issuing authority and go through the change registration proceres after examination and approval
Article 13 the transferee must take the initiative to accept the supervision and management of the transferor and submit the annual report to the transferor. If the grantee needs to continue mining after the expiration of the mining license, he shall apply to the original license issuing authority for registration of renewal 30 days before the expiration of the mining license
Article 14 in case of any potential safety hazard or damage to geological environment ring mining, the transferee shall immediately stop proction, report to the local people's government and relevant competent departments in time, and do a good job in rectification of potential safety hazard and treatment of geological environment
Article 15 the transferor shall not take back the mining right legally obtained by the transferee before the expiration of the service life stipulated in this contract. Under special circumstances, if the mining right needs to be withdrawn in advance according to the social and public interests, the transferor shall apply for approval in accordance with the legal proceres, and give corresponding compensation to the transferee
Article 16 Any party shall not be responsible for the partial or total failure to perform this contract e to force majeure, but shall take all necessary remedial measures to rece the losses caused by force majeure if conditions permit. If force majeure occurs after a party's delay in performance, he shall not be exempted from liability
Article 17 in case of force majeure, the party shall inform the other party of the event in written form such as letter, telegram, telex, fax, etc. within 48 hours, and submit to the other party a report on the reasons why the contract cannot be performed or partially cannot be performed or needs to be delayed within 3 days after the event< Article 18 the transferee must pay the price of the mining right on time in accordance with the contract. If the transferee fails to pay the price of the mining right on time, it shall pay the late fee to the transferor at the rate of 3 ‰ of the delayed payment every day from the date of late payment. If the delayed payment exceeds six months, the transferor has the right to terminate the contract and recover the mining right. The transferee has no right to ask for the return of the paid price, and the transferor can ask the transferee to compensate for other losses caused by breach of contract< Article 19 If the transferee pays the price of the mining right as agreed in the contract, the transferor must provide the mineral resources available for mining on time as agreed in the contract. If the mining right can not be provided for the reason of the transferor for more than six months, the transferee has the right to terminate the contract, the transferor shall double the paid price, and the transferee may request the transferor to compensate for other losses caused by the breach of contract
the transferor specially reminds us that the risk of mining investment is high, and what the transferor transfers on behalf of the state is the right of mining, so the scale, shape, reserves and grade of the ore body may be different from the actual mining, and the transferor will not bear any responsibility for this
Article 20 if the transferee violates the provisions of Articles 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the contract, the transferor has the right to terminate the contract and investigate the relevant legal liabilities of the transferee< Article 21 the conclusion, validity, interpretation, performance and dispute settlement of this contract shall be governed by the laws of the people's Republic of China< Article 22 this contract shall come into force from the date when the transferor issues the mining license to the transferee
Article 23 this contract is made in quadruplicate, with the same legal effect. The transferor and the transferee shall hold two copies respectively< Article 24 this contract is signed in Changsha Bureau of land and resources, Hunan Province, the people's Republic of China on
Article 25 matters not covered in this contract can be agreed by both parties as an appendix to the contract, which has the same legal effect as this contract< br />
to register a Singapore company, the following information is required:
1. The company can be registered after the proposed name is approved
2 the identity of the registrant is correct, the passport
3 the business scope
4 the registration time is generally 15 working days< br />
after the company is registered, we will submit the application form in the name of the company: the current application time is from January 28 to February 27, 2020
if you are worried that your application is not successful, you can send the information to the agent in advance, register the company first, and enter the application queue. So as not to delay the application time.