What is the name of the third generation of digital currency
digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency (which can be used for real goods and services transactions)
digital currency has the main characteristics of network packets. This kind of data packet is composed of data code and identification code. The data code is the content we need to transmit, while the identification code indicates where the data packet comes from and goes
based on the characteristics of digital currency, the direct benefit of digital currency to the central bank is not only to save the cost of note issuance, circulation and settlement, but also to enhance the central bank's ability to control funds
Electronic money and virtual money are called digital money. According to the definition of the European Central Bank, virtual money is issued by non central banks, credit institutions and e-money institutions, which can be used as the numerical expression of the value of currency substitutes in some cases{rrrrrrr}
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the process of digital currency trading through the platform is as follows:
(1) investors should register accounts first, and obtain digital currency accounts and US dollar or other foreign exchange accounts at the same time
(2) users can buy and sell digital currency with the money in their cash account, just like buying and selling stocks and futures
(3) the trading platform will sort the buying requests and selling requests according to the rules and start to match them. If they meet the requirements, the transaction will be concluded
(4) e to the difference between the buy and sell volumes submitted by users, a buy or sell request may be partially executed
As of September 2019, the central bank's digital currency has not been issued
the development history of the central bank's digital currency is as follows
in 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research team to conct in-depth research on the framework of digital currency issuance and business operation, key technologies of digital currency, issuance and circulation environment, and legal issues faced
in January 2017, the central bank officially established the digital currency Research Institute in Shenzhen
in September 2018, the Institute of digital currency built a trade finance blockchain platform
On July 8, 2019, at the launching ceremony of the digital finance open research program and the first academic seminar, Wang Xin, director of the Research Bureau of the people's Bank of China, disclosed that the State Council has officially approved the research and development of the central bank's digital currency, and the central bank is engaged in corresponding work in organizing market institutionson August 2, 2019, the central bank said at the second half of 2019 work video conference that it would speed up the research and development of legal digital currency
on August 10, 2019, Mu Changchun, deputy director of the payment and Settlement Department of the central bank, said at the Yichun forum of 40 people of China finance that "the central bank's digital currency can be said to be ready"
on August 18, 2019, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued their opinions on supporting Shenzhen to build a leading demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which mentioned supporting innovative applications such as digital currency research in Shenzhen
on August 21, 2019, the official micro blog of the people's Bank of China released two articles on digital currency. One is fan Yifei, vice president of the people's Bank of China, who was published in January 2018, talking about some considerations of digital currency of the people's Bank of China. The other is mu Changchun, deputy director of the Department of payment and settlement, who delivered a speech in Yichun on August 10
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practical significance
the digitalization of central bank's currency helps to optimize the central bank's monetary payment function, improve the central bank's monetary status and the effectiveness of monetary policy. The central bank's digital currency can become an interest bearing asset to meet the holder's reserve demand for safe assets, and can also become the lower limit of bank deposit interest rate
can also become a new monetary policy tool. At the same time, the central bank can affect the bank's deposit and loan interest rate by adjusting the central bank's digital currency interest rate, and help break the zero interest rate lower limit
operation system
fan Yifei, vice governor of the people's Bank of China, said in the article that the digital currency of the people's Bank of China should adopt a two-tier operation system. This model does not change the relationship between creditor's rights and debt of currency in circulation, does not change the existing money supply system and al account structure, does not constitute a competition for commercial banks' deposit currency, and does not increase commercial banks' dependence on the interbank lending market
will not affect the lending ability of commercial banks, and will not lead to the phenomenon of "financial disintermediation". At the same time, because it does not affect the existing monetary policy transmission mechanism, it will not strengthen the pro cyclical effect under the pressure environment, and it can improve the convenience and security of payment, and it also has the credit advantage of central bank endorsement
for example, bitcoin is called "digital currency" or "cryptocurrency". It's hard to say that it's money, because it doesn't have the characteristics of money
currency speculation or currency circle refers to the so-called currency. Future money, fire money... All belong to the same category. They are digital symbols with no real value and no security. Don't touch them if you don't understand them
in my opinion, these so-called digital coins are the modern version of Dutch tulips, which will return to zero sooner or later and become air coins.
bitcoin is the originator of digital currency and the most valuable virtual currency. Because blackmail virus only takes bitcoin, it has entered the public view. The soaring price of bitcoin in 2017 has attracted a large number of investors to enter the digital money market. Because the number is small, it is only 21 million, which has a strong deflationary attribute
of course, I am extremely optimistic about the future of bitcoin. Of course, many people are not optimistic about digital currency. Here, it is most pertinent to quote Krugman's view:
"at least for now, buying bitcoin is still a good investment. But that doesn't mean the experiment was successful. The original intention of establishing a monetary system is not to make those who hold money rich, but to make transactions convenient and benefit the whole economy. And none of these bitcoins came to us. "
reborn currency
a protocol currency issued by reborn, which is the base currency of reborn network. It can circulate in the whole reborn network, with a total amount of 100 billion, and graally decreases with the increase of transactions. Reborn currency is the only common currency in ripple system, which is different from other currencies in ripple system, Ripple labs (formerly known as opencoin) is the operating company of ripple coin
unlike bitcoin, reborn is a kind of transaction protocol, which is called smart contract in technical terms. It supports people to pay in any currency, and does not need a central data exchange center, so the transaction confirmation time of ripple is only 35 seconds, while that of bitcoin is 10-40 minutes
Ethereum
Ethereum is the name of currency used in Ethereum, which is used for payment calculation in Ethereum virtual machine. Ethereum is a blockchain that can be used to deploy decentralized applications. It is an open source computer platform and blockchain platform. At the end of 2013, it was founded by vitalik buterin, a Russian programmer
there is a key difference between the blockchain technologies used by Ethereum and bitcoin. Ethereum's data processing speed is faster than that of bitcoin, because once agreed, Ethereum's system will automatically apply to the terms and conditions in the contract
unlike bitcoin, the value of Ethereum depends on whether the applications on the platform of Ethereum are prosperous or not, just like the price of oil will rise with more machines using oil
bitcoin cash
bitcoin cash is a branch of bitcoin. In order to solve the problem of long transaction time of bitcoin, at 20:20 on August 1, 2017, a small number of mining machines began to use 8m block to start mining, and the transaction confirmation speed was thousands of times faster than that of bitcoin using 1m block
strictly speaking, however, there are different opinions on whether this is a new branch of bitcoin or another kind of "counterfeit currency". But now the offer of bitcoin cash is nearly 20000 yuan, so it's not too much to use it as a kind of "Shanzhai coin" to divide bitcoin traffic
IDA coin, ADA in English, is a proct of Cardano project. The total amount of Aida is 4.5 billion yuan, and 3 billion yuan will participate in the subscription. Among them, 2.5 billion ADA will be used for platform subscription, 500 million for the financial support of the development company's operating company, and 1.5 billion ADA coins will continue to be issued in the form of block awards
Cardano is a project started in 2015 to change the way cryptocurrency is designed and developed. This project is aimed at technical reformers, technical improvements to bitcoin and existing platforms. If bitcoin, Ethereum and other projects have many other shortcomings, Cardano can solve them<
lightcoin
a currency based on bitcoin protocol, but it does not require very high computing power, and it can also be mined by ordinary computer. Lightcoin's algorithm comes from the algorithm designed by Dr Colin Percival for tarsnap secure online backup service (backup for Linux and other open source operating systems)
for a long time, there has been a voice that "lightcoin will replace bitcoin", which is impossible. In the future, there will probably be a variety of cryptography currencies in the world, but any kind of counterfeit currency can not replace the mainstream position of bitcoin, no matter how excellent its algorithm is compared with bitcoin<
stellar currency
stellar currency, a digital currency project initiated by Jed McCaleb, the former founder of ripple, is used to build a decentralized gateway between digital currency and legal tender. It will be provided to users in the form of free distribution, and its supply online is 100 billion, of which 95% of the amount of star coin is used for free distribution
star is a diversified team. The board members include Keith rabois, former COO of square, Patrick collison, CEO of stripe, Jackson Palmer, co-founder of dogcoin, and naval Ravikant, co-founder of angellist, who will be the consultant of the project< New economy movement, or NEM, was founded on January 19, 2014. The founder is a mysterious person in bitcointalk.org forum called utopianfuture. The original intention of utopian future was to build a second-generation digital currency NXT. He then realized that NXT's distribution model was unreasonable, so he devoted himself to NEM with egalitarian distribution
as a kind of cryptocurrency, new coin does not need much computing resources to maintain the operation of nodes. The proof of importance (POI) engine of NEM reces the threshold of computing resources to participate in non-traditional blockchain<
dascoin
formerly known as black coin, is a kind of counterfeit currency of bitcoin, which focuses on anonymous function. There are many innovations, such as master node network, fast payment, mixed currency anonymous technology, proposals can vote, and developers have fixed budget support. The core consists of a unique incentive P2P network. Miners are rewarded for maintaining blockchain security; The main node holders are rewarded for verifying transactions, storing data and providing a variety of services
the feature of anonymity meets the needs of some investors for absolute privacy. Although bitcoin is also widely used in money laundering and other illegal transactions e to its anonymity, it is only "pseudo anonymity", and the transaction of bitcoin can still be traced back to the traders themselves.
digital currency has the main characteristics of network packet. This kind of data packet is composed of data code and identification code. The data code is the content we need to transmit, while the identification code indicates where the data packet comes from and goes
based on the characteristics of digital money, the direct benefit of digital money to the central bank is not only to save the cost of paper money issuance, circulation and settlement, but also to enhance the central bank's ability to control funds.
1. Litecoin is similar to bitcoin, which is also an encrypted digital currency, and its price has risen sharply recently. It is a P2P open source digital currency, which can be regarded as a branch of bitcoin. However, although lightcoin is based on bitcoin protocol, it does not require very high computing power. It can also be mined using ordinary computers. Lightcoin's algorithm comes from the algorithm designed by Dr Colin Percival for tarsnap secure online backup service (backup for Linux and other open source operating systems)
2. Namecoin
namecoin is also based on bitcoin, which is another branch of open source. Namecoin is a distributed DNS protocol -- generally speaking, it can transform the website name (such as ifeng. Com) that can be understood by human into the address that can be understood by machine. As its own DNS, this kind of currency can operate outside the normal Internet, so it can break away from the control of ICANN
the monetary value and domain name of namecoin are stored in the user's blockchain records, limiting the total number to 21 million
3. Peercoin
peercoin is a peer-to-peer variant of bitcoin, which can improve mining efficiency and security, and improve safeguard measures to avoid group mining. Now, group mining has been considered as a potential defect of bitcoin. According to the statistics of emerging currencies by coinmarketcap.com, peercoin currently ranks fourth in the market value of digital currencies
4. Primecoin
primecoin is a cryptocurrency similar to bitcoin, but it uses a completely independent mining algorithm. Bitcoin uses the hashcash algorithm, while prime coin uses the long Cunningham chains to create the value of money - a sequence of prime numbers named after mathematician AJC Cunningham
in the process of bitcoin mining, as the amount of money goes on, the difficulty will increase sharply. But prime is different. Every time a primecoin is mined, the mining difficulty will increase slightly, and the process is much more stable< 5. Feathercoin
based on the design of litecoin, released in April 2013, can adjust the mining difficulty more frequently than litecoin. Feathercoin will be updated frequently, adding new features and improvements to eliminate malicious mining behavior
6. Novacoin
another P2P digital cryptocurrency. Novacoin is different from most other currencies in that it integrates a protection mechanism in the currency core, which can identify illegal mining activities
the total number of novacoin is limited to 2 billion, which is considerable. If necessary, the total can be adjusted upward
7, infinitech
published in June 2013. A by-proct of litecain. According to the mining situation and the total amount of money, infinite money can frequently adjust the mining difficulty ratio< Megacoin was only released in the fourth quarter of 2013, imitating bitcoin in the early stage. The total number of megacoin is limited to 42 million, which can be mined like other virtual currencies. Its biggest selling point is brand publicity, which other digital currencies lack< It was released in 2013 and is still in its infancy. In the security part of quarkcoin, nine independent loops are deployed and six different algorithms are used.
with the advent of the Internet financial trend, crypto digital currency is the inevitable proct to meet the needs of the times. Kitcoin is a new generation of decentralized encrypted digital asset currency after bitcoin, with only 65 million pieces, each of which is strongly supported by 9999 physical gold coins weighing 8 grams. Kitcoin uses the world's first turbowheel business model, the world's only original and most advanced two disk operation mode, so that it can only rise without falling. With the most advanced blockchain technology, kitcoin has become the only third-generation crypto digital asset currency that can seamlessly connect with bitcoin in the world and can really circulate. It integrates various advantages and makes it the only commodity favored by Nasdaq, one of the world's largest securities exchanges, and publicized by various mainstream platforms<
kitcoin is a great cause of mankind all over the world. It not only creates a world consortium to help people get rid of poverty and become rich, but also gathers the strength of the world consortium to contribute to the "world dream". Let kitcoin shine all over the world, make it a brilliant milestone in the development of human currency history, let the world listen to the voice of kitcoin's great cause, and let the world share the feast of kitcoin's scientific and technological wealth<
MA Rongshu, partner and President of Gemini, the US NASDAQ advertising company, who undertakes the important task of this release, has interviewed many presidents, prime ministers and presidents of the world's top 500 companies. At present, Ma Rongqiao is committed to helping China's outstanding enterprises to get on the world's largest screen, making the world appreciate China's intelligent manufacturing, and also arousing widespread concern in the domestic business community
KTR is a MLM coin, which has been reported in China for a long time. The third token refers to the applied digital currency, such as Ruitai, which is a kind of asset mortgage package. It is also an asset voucher
other currencies, which are known as the third generation of digital cryptocurrency but have no practical application, are basically unreliable. At most, they are marketing currencies