KIK digital currency website
Publish: 2021-05-02 08:22:35
1. Kikv supermarket to join the problem needs to contact the kikv official understanding
response time: April 16, 2021. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
response time: April 16, 2021. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
2. It's always hard to break into the season at the first time. It's always hard to know that spring is coming only after the peach and plum trees are fully opened. It's hard to know that summer is really gone only after the trees are withered
3. Byte (byte / T / n. [C]) is a unit of measurement used by computer information technology to measure storage capacity. It also represents data types and language characters in some computer programming languages<
conversion
character and byte
ASCII code: one English letter (regardless of case) occupies one byte space, and one Chinese character occupies two bytes space. A binary number sequence, as a digital unit in the computer, is generally 8-bit binary number, converted to decimal system. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 255. For example, an ASCII code is a byte
UTF-8 encoding: one English character is equal to one byte, and one Chinese character (including traditional Chinese) is equal to three bytes
Unicode encoding: one English is equal to two bytes, and one Chinese (including traditional Chinese) is equal to two bytes
symbol: English punctuation takes up one byte and Chinese punctuation takes up two bytes. For example: English period "." takes 1 byte, Chinese period "." 2 bytes
between different orders of magnitude
data storage is expressed in decimal, data transmission is expressed in decimal, so 1KB is not equal to 1000B< br />1KB=1024B 1MB=1024KB=1024 × 1024B Where 1024 = 210
1B (byte) = 8 bit (see below)
1KB (kibibyte) = 1024b = 2 ^ 10B
1MB (megabyte, megabyte, megabyte for short) = 1024KB = 2 ^ 20b
1GB (gigabyte, gigabyte, also known as "Gigabyte") = 1024MB = 2 ^ 30b
1TB (terabyte, terabyte) = 1024gb = 2 ^ 40B
1PB (petabyte) = 1024tb = 2 ^ 50B
1eb (Exabyte) = 1024pb = 2 ^ 60b
1zb (zettabyte) = 1024eb = 2 ^ 70B
1yb (yottabyte) = 1024zb = 2 ^ 80B
1BB (brontobyte, 100 billion bytes) = 1024yb = 2 ^ 90B
1nb (nonabyte, 10 billion bytes) = 1024 BB = 2 ^ 100 B
1dB (doggabyte) = 1024 NB = 2 ^ 110 B[ 1]
storage type
take visual basic as an example to explain the bytes occupied by various data types
data type storage space size (unit: byte) range
byte 1 0 - 255
Boolean 2 true or false
integer 2 - 32768 ~ 32767
long
4 - 2147483648 ~ 2147483, 647
single
(single precision floating point)
4
negative range:
- 3.402823e38 ~ - 1.401298e-45
positive range:
1.401298e-45 ~ 3.402823e38
double
(double precision floating point)
8
negative range:
- 1.797693134862,32e308 ~
- 4.940656458412,47e-324
positive range:
4.940656458, 412,47e-324 ~
1.797693134862,32e308
currency
8
- 922337203685477.5808 ~
922337203685477.5807
decimal 14
without decimal point:
+ / - 79228162514264337593543950335
with decimal point:
+ / - 7.922816251426433759, 354395033,5
minimum non-zero value:
+ / - 0.0000000000, 1
date 8 January 1, 100 ~ December 31, 9999
object 4 any object reference
string (variable length) 10 length from 0 to about 2 billion
string (fixed length) 10 length from 1 to about 65400
variant (number) 16 any number value, The maximum range of double is
variant 22, which has the same range as the length of string.
user defined variable --
any data type array needs 20 bytes of memory space, plus the dimension of each array takes up 4 bytes, plus the space occupied by the data itself. The memory space occupied by data can be calculated by multiplying the number of data elements by the size of each element. For example, the data in a one-dimensional array composed of four 2-byte integer data elements takes up 8 bytes. These 8 bytes plus 24 extra bytes make the total memory space required for this array 32 bytes
a variant containing an array needs 12 bytes more than a single array[ 2]
2 related units
b and bit
data storage is based on "byte", data transmission is mostly based on "bit" (also known as "bit"), a bit represents a 0 or 1 (i.e. binary), every 8 bits (abbreviated as b) constitute a byte (abbreviated as b), which is the smallest level of information unit
b and IB
1KB (kibibyte) = 1024byte
1kib (kilobyte) = 1000byte
1MB (mebibyte) = 1048576byte
1mib (megabyte) = 1000000 byte
hard disk manufacturers calculate in gib (decimal system, i.e. the third power of 10 = 1000, such as 1mib = 1000KB), while computers (operating systems) calculate in GB (binary system, i.e. the tenth power of 2, such as 1MB = 1024KB), However, domestic users generally understand that 1mib = 1m = 1024 KB, so in order to facilitate the understanding of Chinese culture, it is also possible to translate MIB into MB
according to the different understandings of hard disk manufacturers and users for 1MB size, the actual capacity of many 160g hard disks is less than 160g according to the actual 1MB = 1024KB of the computer, which can also explain why the newly purchased hard disks are not as big as it indicates
note: 10TB is about equal to the storage capacity of a person's brain
[3]
3 data type
byte data type (byte type) is stored in one byte, which can distinguish 256 numbers, and the value range is 0 to 255. Byte is an unsigned type from 0 to 255, so it cannot represent a negative number. Refer to the data type for details<
4 language characters
the effect is equivalent to the type of unsigned char
typedef unsigned char byte
defines a new type of byte, which is actually unsigned char
in VC + +, the definition of byte type data is contained in the header file of windows. H, and the code # include & lt; needs to be added to call byte; windows.h>< In Java, byte is a key word
which indicates that a shaping constant takes up a byte in the content
the value range is - 128 ~ 127
5 confusing concept discrimination
word
in a computer, a string of numbers are processed or calculated as a whole, which is called a computer word, short for word. A word is usually divided into several bytes (each byte is usually 8 bits). In memory, each cell usually stores one word, so each word is addressable. The length of a word is expressed in digits
in the calculator and controller of a computer, it is usually transmitted in words. Words appearing at different addresses have different meanings. For example, the word sent to the controller is an instruction, and the word sent to the arithmetic unit is a number
word length
the number of digits contained in each word of a computer is called word length. According to the different computers, there are two kinds of word length: fixed and variable. Fixed word length, that is, the word length is fixed in any case; Variable word length is variable within a certain range
the calculated word length refers to the number of binary digits it can process at one time. The speed of computer processing data is naturally related to the number of bits it can process at one time and the speed of operation. If the word length of one computer is twice that of the other, even if the two computers have the same speed, the former can do twice as much work as the latter in the same time
generally, the word length of a large computer is 32-64 bits, that of a small computer is 12-32 bits, and that of a microcomputer is 4-16 bits. Word length is an important factor to measure computer performance
byte
a byte is a group of adjacent binary digits. Usually 8 bits as a byte. It is a small unit of information, and as a whole to participate in the operation, smaller than the word, is the unit of the word
in a microcomputer, the number of bytes is usually used to represent the storage capacity of the memory
for example, in the data type representation of C + +, char is usually 1 byte, int is 4 bytes, and double is 8 bytes
the key to understanding coding is to understand the concept of character and byte accurately. These two concepts are easy to be confused. Let's make a distinction here:
concept description example
character a mark used by people, a symbol in the abstract sense&# 39; 1'， &# 39; Chinese&# 39; a'， &# 39;$&# 39;， &# 39; ￥' ……
the unit of data storage in a byte computer, an 8-bit binary number, is a very specific storage space. 0x01, 0x45, 0xfa...
string
in memory, if "character" exists in the form of ANSI encoding, a character may be represented by one or more bytes, then we call this string ANSI string or multi byte string. For example, & quot; Chinese 123 & quot 8 bytes, including a hidden & # 92; 0
character set
for ANSI encoding, there are different charsets. The same byte sequence represents different characters in different character sets. In order to parse an ANSI string correctly, it is necessary to choose the correct character set, otherwise it may lead to the so-called garbled phenomenon. Different language versions of the operating system, there is a default character set. Without specifying a character set, the system uses this character set to parse ANSI strings. That is to say, if we open an ANSI text file saved by the Japanese operating system in the simplified Chinese version of windows, we will see garbled code. However, if we use a text editor with encoding selection such as visual studio to open this file and select the correct character set, we will see its original appearance. Note: the codes of traditional Chinese characters in simplified Chinese character set and traditional Chinese characters in traditional Chinese character set are not necessarily the same (it seems that they are completely different)
each character set has a unique number, which is called code page. The code page of simplified Chinese (GB2312) is 936, while the code page of the system default character set is 0, which means to select an appropriate character set according to the language setting of the system
Unicode
string is in memory. If "character" exists as serial number in Unicode, then we call it Unicode string or wide byte string. In Unicode, each character takes up two bytes. For example, & quot; Chinese 123 & quot 10 bytes)
the difference between Unicode and ANSI is equivalent to the difference between "full angle" and "half angle" in input method
because different ANSI codes have different standards (different character sets), for a given multi byte string, we must know which character set it uses before we can know what character set it contains
conversion
character and byte
ASCII code: one English letter (regardless of case) occupies one byte space, and one Chinese character occupies two bytes space. A binary number sequence, as a digital unit in the computer, is generally 8-bit binary number, converted to decimal system. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 255. For example, an ASCII code is a byte
UTF-8 encoding: one English character is equal to one byte, and one Chinese character (including traditional Chinese) is equal to three bytes
Unicode encoding: one English is equal to two bytes, and one Chinese (including traditional Chinese) is equal to two bytes
symbol: English punctuation takes up one byte and Chinese punctuation takes up two bytes. For example: English period "." takes 1 byte, Chinese period "." 2 bytes
between different orders of magnitude
data storage is expressed in decimal, data transmission is expressed in decimal, so 1KB is not equal to 1000B< br />1KB=1024B 1MB=1024KB=1024 × 1024B Where 1024 = 210
1B (byte) = 8 bit (see below)
1KB (kibibyte) = 1024b = 2 ^ 10B
1MB (megabyte, megabyte, megabyte for short) = 1024KB = 2 ^ 20b
1GB (gigabyte, gigabyte, also known as "Gigabyte") = 1024MB = 2 ^ 30b
1TB (terabyte, terabyte) = 1024gb = 2 ^ 40B
1PB (petabyte) = 1024tb = 2 ^ 50B
1eb (Exabyte) = 1024pb = 2 ^ 60b
1zb (zettabyte) = 1024eb = 2 ^ 70B
1yb (yottabyte) = 1024zb = 2 ^ 80B
1BB (brontobyte, 100 billion bytes) = 1024yb = 2 ^ 90B
1nb (nonabyte, 10 billion bytes) = 1024 BB = 2 ^ 100 B
1dB (doggabyte) = 1024 NB = 2 ^ 110 B[ 1]
storage type
take visual basic as an example to explain the bytes occupied by various data types
data type storage space size (unit: byte) range
byte 1 0 - 255
Boolean 2 true or false
integer 2 - 32768 ~ 32767
long
4 - 2147483648 ~ 2147483, 647
single
(single precision floating point)
4
negative range:
- 3.402823e38 ~ - 1.401298e-45
positive range:
1.401298e-45 ~ 3.402823e38
double
(double precision floating point)
8
negative range:
- 1.797693134862,32e308 ~
- 4.940656458412,47e-324
positive range:
4.940656458, 412,47e-324 ~
1.797693134862,32e308
currency
8
- 922337203685477.5808 ~
922337203685477.5807
decimal 14
without decimal point:
+ / - 79228162514264337593543950335
with decimal point:
+ / - 7.922816251426433759, 354395033,5
minimum non-zero value:
+ / - 0.0000000000, 1
date 8 January 1, 100 ~ December 31, 9999
object 4 any object reference
string (variable length) 10 length from 0 to about 2 billion
string (fixed length) 10 length from 1 to about 65400
variant (number) 16 any number value, The maximum range of double is
variant 22, which has the same range as the length of string.
user defined variable --
any data type array needs 20 bytes of memory space, plus the dimension of each array takes up 4 bytes, plus the space occupied by the data itself. The memory space occupied by data can be calculated by multiplying the number of data elements by the size of each element. For example, the data in a one-dimensional array composed of four 2-byte integer data elements takes up 8 bytes. These 8 bytes plus 24 extra bytes make the total memory space required for this array 32 bytes
a variant containing an array needs 12 bytes more than a single array[ 2]
2 related units
b and bit
data storage is based on "byte", data transmission is mostly based on "bit" (also known as "bit"), a bit represents a 0 or 1 (i.e. binary), every 8 bits (abbreviated as b) constitute a byte (abbreviated as b), which is the smallest level of information unit
b and IB
1KB (kibibyte) = 1024byte
1kib (kilobyte) = 1000byte
1MB (mebibyte) = 1048576byte
1mib (megabyte) = 1000000 byte
hard disk manufacturers calculate in gib (decimal system, i.e. the third power of 10 = 1000, such as 1mib = 1000KB), while computers (operating systems) calculate in GB (binary system, i.e. the tenth power of 2, such as 1MB = 1024KB), However, domestic users generally understand that 1mib = 1m = 1024 KB, so in order to facilitate the understanding of Chinese culture, it is also possible to translate MIB into MB
according to the different understandings of hard disk manufacturers and users for 1MB size, the actual capacity of many 160g hard disks is less than 160g according to the actual 1MB = 1024KB of the computer, which can also explain why the newly purchased hard disks are not as big as it indicates
note: 10TB is about equal to the storage capacity of a person's brain
[3]
3 data type
byte data type (byte type) is stored in one byte, which can distinguish 256 numbers, and the value range is 0 to 255. Byte is an unsigned type from 0 to 255, so it cannot represent a negative number. Refer to the data type for details<
4 language characters
the effect is equivalent to the type of unsigned char
typedef unsigned char byte
defines a new type of byte, which is actually unsigned char
in VC + +, the definition of byte type data is contained in the header file of windows. H, and the code # include & lt; needs to be added to call byte; windows.h>< In Java, byte is a key word
which indicates that a shaping constant takes up a byte in the content
the value range is - 128 ~ 127
5 confusing concept discrimination
word
in a computer, a string of numbers are processed or calculated as a whole, which is called a computer word, short for word. A word is usually divided into several bytes (each byte is usually 8 bits). In memory, each cell usually stores one word, so each word is addressable. The length of a word is expressed in digits
in the calculator and controller of a computer, it is usually transmitted in words. Words appearing at different addresses have different meanings. For example, the word sent to the controller is an instruction, and the word sent to the arithmetic unit is a number
word length
the number of digits contained in each word of a computer is called word length. According to the different computers, there are two kinds of word length: fixed and variable. Fixed word length, that is, the word length is fixed in any case; Variable word length is variable within a certain range
the calculated word length refers to the number of binary digits it can process at one time. The speed of computer processing data is naturally related to the number of bits it can process at one time and the speed of operation. If the word length of one computer is twice that of the other, even if the two computers have the same speed, the former can do twice as much work as the latter in the same time
generally, the word length of a large computer is 32-64 bits, that of a small computer is 12-32 bits, and that of a microcomputer is 4-16 bits. Word length is an important factor to measure computer performance
byte
a byte is a group of adjacent binary digits. Usually 8 bits as a byte. It is a small unit of information, and as a whole to participate in the operation, smaller than the word, is the unit of the word
in a microcomputer, the number of bytes is usually used to represent the storage capacity of the memory
for example, in the data type representation of C + +, char is usually 1 byte, int is 4 bytes, and double is 8 bytes
the key to understanding coding is to understand the concept of character and byte accurately. These two concepts are easy to be confused. Let's make a distinction here:
concept description example
character a mark used by people, a symbol in the abstract sense&# 39; 1'， &# 39; Chinese&# 39; a'， &# 39;$&# 39;， &# 39; ￥' ……
the unit of data storage in a byte computer, an 8-bit binary number, is a very specific storage space. 0x01, 0x45, 0xfa...
string
in memory, if "character" exists in the form of ANSI encoding, a character may be represented by one or more bytes, then we call this string ANSI string or multi byte string. For example, & quot; Chinese 123 & quot 8 bytes, including a hidden & # 92; 0
character set
for ANSI encoding, there are different charsets. The same byte sequence represents different characters in different character sets. In order to parse an ANSI string correctly, it is necessary to choose the correct character set, otherwise it may lead to the so-called garbled phenomenon. Different language versions of the operating system, there is a default character set. Without specifying a character set, the system uses this character set to parse ANSI strings. That is to say, if we open an ANSI text file saved by the Japanese operating system in the simplified Chinese version of windows, we will see garbled code. However, if we use a text editor with encoding selection such as visual studio to open this file and select the correct character set, we will see its original appearance. Note: the codes of traditional Chinese characters in simplified Chinese character set and traditional Chinese characters in traditional Chinese character set are not necessarily the same (it seems that they are completely different)
each character set has a unique number, which is called code page. The code page of simplified Chinese (GB2312) is 936, while the code page of the system default character set is 0, which means to select an appropriate character set according to the language setting of the system
Unicode
string is in memory. If "character" exists as serial number in Unicode, then we call it Unicode string or wide byte string. In Unicode, each character takes up two bytes. For example, & quot; Chinese 123 & quot 10 bytes)
the difference between Unicode and ANSI is equivalent to the difference between "full angle" and "half angle" in input method
because different ANSI codes have different standards (different character sets), for a given multi byte string, we must know which character set it uses before we can know what character set it contains
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