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Research on the impact of digital currency on international trad

Publish: 2021-05-02 18:14:58
1. Let's first explain digital currency. The real digital currency is issued by the state, based on the national credit, and stored in the form of electronic data. This is the national legal currency that can be circulated. So far, no country has issued digital currency, so has China. Therefore, anyone claiming to be a digital currency issued by the state is a fraud. The function of legal digital currency is the same as that of paper currency. So there is no concept of investment. Just imagine, would you spend 100 yuan to buy a ten yuan RMB? bitcoin is still a virtual currency, not a real currency. Bitcoin is an encryption algorithm based on the blockchain, and the calculation results are obtained. The biggest characteristics are decentralization, uniqueness and finiteness. Because of these characteristics, it is impossible for a country to use bitcoin as legal tender. So I have no objection to using bitcoin as a target of speculation. But if bitcoin is promoted as a digital "currency", I think it is suspected of cheating, because it does not have the characteristics of national legal tender. Some people in the world are willing to accept bitcoin transaction. I think it is actually a "barter" transaction, not a real currency transaction. At present, bitnet exchange can provide the most trading pairs, and investors can participate in leveraged trading and perpetual contract trading.
2.

The digital RMB red envelope of 10 million yuan issued by Shenzhen city has brought the development of e-money back to the people's vision

in fact, since April 2020, small-scale pilot projects of digital RMB have been carried out in Shenzhen, Cheng, Suzhou and xiong'an, and the pilot scale will be expanded to 28 provinces and cities in August 2020

as a socially recognized "super outlet", in addition to the high investment of digital currency related enterprises, its impact on the financial market is also of great research value

Policy evolution of the development of digital RMB

as early as 2014, the central bank has concted research layout on digital RMB, and discussed the development framework of digital RMB with major international financial institutions and research institutions in the 2016 digital currency seminar

after six years of development, China has initially developed the "pbctfp blockchain platform" and continuously promoted the pilot activities of digital RMB. It can be predicted that as today's technology and policy outlet, digital RMB will have excellent development prospects and extremely fast development speed in the next few years

Figure 1: Policy Evolution of digital RMB

with the improvement of China's national strength, digital RMB provides an opportunity to establish a "new system of RMB cross border settlement", which can promote RMB payment activities around the world and realize the internationalization of RMB

3. The core value of CBDC can be summarized as four points: first, the original purpose is to let the central bank better manage money creation and supply, enhance the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism and better deal with the business cycle. Second, the construction of payment and clearing infrastructure based on blockchain related technologies can rece costs and increase efficiency. Digital currency can greatly rece the cost of currency issuance, circulation, use and other links, and realize banknote free transactions, which is also in line with the current trend of rapid development of electronic payment. Third, it has given the central bank stronger control over the monetary system, such as KFC, anti money laundering, anti-terrorism financing, and some targeted policies. Before the launch of Libra, the central bank attached importance to CBDC mainly for the above three purposes. But now, the significance of CBDC in promoting the internationalization of RMB has become more important than ever. This is the fourth purpose of the central bank. Judging from the current progress of RMB internationalization, there are indeed many difficulties. One is the US led encirclement and interception, and the other is the turbulence in the stock and exchange markets. In order to break the encirclement led by the United States, realize the normal development of the stock exchange market and the foreign exchange market, and realize the internationalization of RMB, it is really a good way for the central bank to issue digital currency. On the 10th anniversary of RMB internationalization, RMB internationalization has made remarkable achievements. 13 international financial institutions around the world began to pay attention to China's bond market. In the tide of interest rate rection in developed countries, negative interest rate has become a conventional means, and China's bonds are very competitive in the world. As of the second quarter of 2019, 38 countries have signed currency swap agreements with China, with a total amount of 3.67 trillion yuan. The one belt, one road, which one belt, one road to push forward, is continuously creating demand for RMB internationalization, and the export of RMB has become an important means of "one belt and one road" internationalization of RMB. In addition, RMB is one of the most active currencies in the global foreign exchange market, and London has surpassed Hong Kong as the world's largest offshore RMB foreign exchange trading center. With the steady development of China's economy, RMB assets will continue to be favored by all countries in the world< One belt, one road or other friendly country, was also shared by the Central Bank of China when it issued the CBDC. It shared some of the mint rights with br />
CBDC. How to participate? Including the following two cases, let's take Kazakhstan as an example. The first is that Kazakhstan can issue RMB denominated Kazakh government bonds. The issuer is Kazakhstan, but the RMB denominated bonds are sovereign bonds for Kazakhstan, which can also be sold to the Central Bank of China in exchange for CBDC. The second is that Kazakhstan issues treasury bonds denominated in its own currency, which are issued by Kazakhstan and priced in its own currency. This method is the easiest for Kazakhstan, because this is their own national debt, which is sold to the Central Bank of China, which gives it CBDC. The similarities between the two lie in that they both sell treasury bonds to the Central Bank of China, but the issuers of treasury bonds are not the same, and the pricing currencies of treasury bonds are not the same, so the requirements for Kazakhstan are not the same. In theory, these ways can be used as a political tool to influence and regulate the relationship between the Chinese government and Kazakhstan<

4 digital currency will become the biggest magic weapon of RMB internationalization

China is now facing the biggest challenge, in terms of currency, in fact, the internationalization of RMB. The monetary settlement system based on US dollar has brought great problems to the decision-makers outside the US dollar. The best way to rece the status of US dollar is to replace us dollar with a global digital currency to end the dominant advantage of US dollar. The Chinese version of CBDC is likely to become the biggest magic weapon to promote the internationalization of RMB and end the hegemony of US dollar. The opportunity for RMB internationalization lies in the trend of de dollarization. Therefore, we need friendly countries other than US dollars to participate in China's digital currency. Taking the lead in the use of digital currency in block trading and financial settlement to bypass the restrictions on trading in US dollar will certainly realize the development of de dollarization and form a new currency trading system dominated by China and participated by many parties. So how to achieve it? In essence, it is to transfer benefits, so that non dollarized friendly countries can participate in the issuance process of CBDC, and even share the seigniorage of RMB. It is the most effective magic weapon to embody the spirit of democratization and benefit sharing of blockchain and bitcoin in the design of sovereign currency, which is also the most practical way to realize the internationalization of RMB.
4.

Ruian took the bus to Wenzhou passenger transport center, told the driver to get off at Wenzhou University (a place called gooseneck head), there are many buses to Medical University, B104, 103, 53, 54 can take bus line: B104, the whole journey is about 3.7km, Get to the medical school station (or take bus 53)

5.

"I never thought that I would be able to use Alipay version of Alipay (PAYtm) back home. It's so exciting!" Chopra, a young boy who once studied in China and knows Alipay and WeChat, is satisfied with the current convenient consumption. Mobile phone payment makes him feel that life in Delhi is not much different from that in Shanghai. p>

the Indian government proposed the concept of "digital India" a few years ago, calling on people to use cashless payment in daily transactions. Subsequently, the order of banknote abolition accelerated the process of cashless payment to a certain extent

seeing the rise of China, they are all anxious to catch up< br />

6.

Digital currency is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the blockchain technology it relies on has been decentralized and can be used in other fields besides digital currency , which is one of the reasons why bitcoin is popular; On the other hand, if digital currency is widely used by the public as a kind of currency, it will have a huge impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy, financial infrastructure, financial market, financial stability and so on. Specific Wu Xiaoxia:

1. Impact on monetary policy

if digital currency is widely accepted and can play the role of currency, it will weaken the effectiveness of monetary policy and bring difficulties to policy-making

because digital currency issuers are usually unregulated third parties, money is created outside the banking system, and the amount of circulation depends entirely on the wishes of the issuers, which will lead to the instability of money supply. In addition, the authorities are unable to monitor the issuance and circulation of digital currency, which will lead to the inability to accurately judge the economic operation and bring trouble to policy-making, At the same time, it will weaken the effectiveness of policy transmission and implementation

2. Impact on financial infrastructure. The use of distributed ledgers also poses challenges to trading, clearing and settlement, as it promotes the disintermediation of traditional service providers in different markets and infrastructures. These changes may have potential impacts on market infrastructure other than retail payment systems, such as large payment systems, securities settlement systems or trading databases

3. The impact on financial intermediation and financial market in a broad sense. As a financial intermediary, banks perform the ties of acting supervisors and supervise borrowers on behalf of depositors

generally, banks also carry out liquidity and maturity conversion business to realize the financing from depositors to borrowers. If digital currency and distributed ledger are widely used, any subsequent disintermediation may have an impact on savings or credit evaluation mechanisms

4. The impact of security risks and financial stability

assuming that digital currency is recognized by the public, its use increases significantly and replaces legal currency to a certain extent, negative events such as network attacks on user terminals related to digital currency will lead to currency fluctuations, which will have an impact on the financial order and the real economy

in addition, the virtual currency based on blockchain technology is usually held by a few people at the beginning. For example, the first purchase of bitcoin in May 2010 was $25 pizza purchased by 10000 BTC, and the price of each bitcoin rose to $1200 in more than three years by the end of 2013

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extended materials

Amazon will launch digital currency project in Mexico. Amazon is recruiting software development managers for digital and emerging payments (DEP) to develop new payment procts that will enable customers to convert cash into digital currency

the digital and emerging payments sector intends to launch the proct in Mexico first. The follow-up will be extended to Brazil and India. It is reported that the digital currency project will completely focus on payment services in emerging markets

7. The construction of the e-money system has made slow progress. E-money is a kind of more secure electronic credit developed on the Internet. E-money is bound to have broader development prospects, circulation, use and other technical problems. In 2000, about 10% of people used e-money for business transactions< Third, it was not until the middle and late 1990s, with the deepening of the reform of the financial system, banks were pushed to the market, and the sense of survival and competition of the commodity economy forced the Chinese banking sector to think about the development strategy of e-money
in China, the focus of development is still on the credit card business. The first bank credit card in China was issued by Zhuhai branch of Bank of China in June 1985. Compared with foreign countries, the development history of bank credit card is very short. In recent years, China's bank card business has developed rapidly. Mondex is the electronic currency closest to cash at present. Consumers and businesses (i.e. buyers and sellers) input their various supply and demand wishes into the e-commerce network according to a certain format, with commercial electronic machines and various transaction cards as the media; Second, the issuers will be transformed from the central bank to other entities, and the construction of e-money system is slow, which also covers the scope of capital flow. In the payment process, there are also instry analysis, e-commerce will flourish. After the user opens an account in the bank which carries out e-cash business and stores money in the account, he can shop in the store which accepts e-cash< Second, the development of e-money
1, the indispensable role, such as e-cash, only a correct understanding of the advantages of e-money, more and more e-payment tools related to e-commerce. These payment instruments can be roughly divided into three categories: smart card payment card (such as Mondex) and digital currency file (such as e-cash and cyber coin). A brief description of e-commerce process. E-commerce is a kind of business mode adopting the most advanced information technology. The whole process of e-commerce is not a of business activities in the stage of instrial economy, a long-distance value transfer from person to business and person to bank. China's e-commerce is in its infancy, online financial services are less developed, with low preservation cost. Especially suitable for small amount of online purchase. E-money technology solves the problem of invisible money storage. 55 financial institutions across the country have opened bank card business, with a total amount of 3 cards issued, which reces the cost of currency issuance. There is a close relationship between e-money and e-commerce. In e-commerce, it has a complete set of business, such as information transmission, payment and collection. At the same time: one is electronic currency. At the same time, the online financial services driven by online e-money are developing rapidly in the world. According to statistics, online financial business accounted for 10% ~ 20% of the traditional financial business in 2000. In order to ensure the security of the transaction process, the certification authority certifies the buyers and sellers of online transactions to confirm their true identities. E-commerce essentially forms a virtual market exchange place
2. E-money and e-commerce. Mark Twain Bank of the United States is the first bank in the United States to provide e-money business. As early as April 1996, it obtained 10000 e-money customers
2. The main form of e-money is safe and efficient, and it can obtain the convenience of consultation and financing
e-cash is a digital currency developed by digicash for online transactions. The currency will include an "electronic digital pulse", among which the online financial business in the United States is the fastest growing. In our country, the development trend of electronic currency. At present, the development of electronic currency is very rapid. According to experts' prediction, 12% ~ 15% of transactions in the United States will be carried out by electronic means in the past ten years. It is inevitable that money payment or capital flow will be carried out through the network. By using electronic money, money can be stored on its own hard disk in anonymous form and used in the payment process safely and flexibly. It connects consumers and businesses (buyers and sellers) with banks. Consumers can open an account in the relevant banks. When they need to use e-money, they can install corresponding software or deposit cash in advance. However, after negotiation with businesses, consumers can use the corresponding e-money to pay for the goods they buy by signing an order contract. The certification authority ensures the security of the transaction process
3. Problems and solutions in application. The application and development of e-money make it possible to trade in cash and cash on the Internet, and promote the innovation of enterprise marketing structure, marketing mode and settlement mode; The convenient, fast and easy way of shopping will also greatly stimulate consumption and expand demand, bringing unlimited business opportunities to retailers; At the same time, e to the implementation of open network operation, the market competition is greatly intensified, prompting enterprises to provide high-quality and low-cost goods and high-quality and efficient services for the market
in e-commerce, the use of e-money for payment has many advantages compared with traditional currency payment. First of all, in the same space, the face value that electronic money can store is unlimited; The face value of traditional currency is limited. Secondly, e-money is limited by time and space, and can be transmitted in a short time through the communication system. Third, electronic money can be managed by computer, which makes up for the high cost of traditional money management. Fourth, the anonymity of e-money is stronger than that of traditional money, avoiding face-to-face transactions. In addition, the author also thinks that compared with the traditional currency, the electronic currency has the advantage of large information carrying capacity. Through the use of e-money in the transaction process, businesses, manufacturers and consumers can get more information than traditional transaction methods. For example, businesses can quickly and timely count the sales volume of hot-selling procts on the Internet, accurately find out the user information of browsing or purchasing through user registration information, and even conct follow-up market research in the form of telephone and e-mail, so as to provide more convenient services. At the same time, consumers can also get quick feedback and perfect after-sales service< However, as a payment tool, there are still some defects in the application of e-money in e-commerce. There are many views on this issue. For example, security problems, imperfect network infrastructure construction, immature development of e-commerce, system reliability, security and digital authentication technology, etc. these problems will have a great impact on the development of e-money. In order to make e-money develop rapidly and healthily, we must solve these problems as soon as possible. We should not only strengthen the construction of network infrastructure, but also improve the popularity of Internet; At the same time, we should actively develop e-commerce to promote the development of e-money; In addition, we should introce and improve the corresponding laws and regulations as soon as possible, provide the corresponding legal protection for the network security, standardize the online transaction proceres, and correctly use the digital certificate< In addition, through the study of e-money, the author thinks that the emergence and application of e-money poses new challenges to traditional value economics and monetary banking. In the future, e to the application of e-money, the central bank can no longer adjust the market economy by adjusting the amount of money issued. New value economics and monetary banking will come into being. Inflation and deflation will also have new interpretations to adapt to the future development of network economy. E-money will form a new discipline, which will impact the traditional theories and ideas of economic and financial circles< Conclusion: expanding the business of e-money is an inevitable requirement of economic development. With the accelerating process of economic globalization and the rapid development of information technology, the realization of electronic monetary and financial system will be an inevitable trend. At present, with the development of information technology related e-commerce, e-commerce, various online shopping systems based on secure data exchange protocol, supply chain management and network marketing, the original computer application system, management system and trade system structure can not keep up with the development and demand of the times. I believe that in the near future, driven by the continuous development of e-commerce, e-money will also get more comprehensive development in social and economic life< References:
1. Yu xutao, Sha Jizhang. Technical problems of e-money. Journal of Changzhou branch of Hehai University, 2000 (1)
2. Zhai Fengrong. E-money and e-payment. Value engineering, 2000 (5)
3. Bai Jing. On e-money and its development in China. Gansu academic journal, 2001 (5)
4, 2001
5. Xu Xiaoyong. The development of e-money and its risk prevention. Zhejiang finance, 2001 (2)
6. Pan Yu. Network economy -- the future direction of economic development. Journal of Nanjing University of Chemical Technology (zheshe Edition), 2000
7. Hu Guangwei, Pan Yu. Network enterprises and their influence on the development strategy of Chinese enterprises. Journal of Nanjing University of Chemical Technology (zheshe Edition), Zhou Jie and Pan Yu. A new way of business operation -- e-commerce. Journal of Nanjing University of Chemical Technology (Philosophy Society Edition), 2000. With the rapid development of electronic finance and Internet, network, as a new trade field, is graally becoming a major development trend of business. E-money system is the basis of e-commerce, e-wallet and so on. The former is mainly used for offline payment, while the latter is used for online payment, basic concepts and main forms of e-money
1. It is a kind of currency circulating in the form of data, and e-commerce is the combination of "communication service" and "data management service". Mondex card in addition to the characteristics of cash, the transmitter is installed in the mobile phone, cash withdrawal, deposit. On the whole; All financial institutions have installed 49000 automatic teller machines and 33 sales terminals. At the same time, it has a better feature than cash, that is, it can safely act as person to person through electronic channels (such as telephone, Internet, etc.), the payment method will tend to be simplified and unified, and the e-commerce network will meet the requirements of consumers, Search for relevant information and provide consumers with a variety of trading options. Once confirmed by consumers, e-commerce will assist in signing and classifying contracts< br />3
1; The other is electronic credit card, including smart card, debit card, telephone card, etc. The cash value is converted into a series of encrypted serial numbers, which are used to represent the currency value of various amounts in reality
Mondex is e-mondex (e-cash). Its main purpose is to replace banknotes and coins for daily small consumption, and to establish and improve the e-money system; There is another kind of electronic check, such as electronic check, electronic remittance (EFT), electronic transfer, etc. This paper will analyze and study the applicability of e-money, one of the tools of e-payment, in e-commerce?? In the face of the coming digital era, transfer, convenient and fast, the development of e-money in China is relatively late compared with the developed countries, and is still in the initial stage. The development of online financial services is less, so that we can really carry out e-commerce activities. 1. European countries are also developing vigorously; In Asia. Among them, the depth and breadth of the application of e-money as a payment tool directly affects the development of e-commerce. Through the process of e-commerce, we can see that e-commerce includes not only commodity flow, information flow and logistics, but also the basic concept of e-money. As the latest form of money, e-money,
8.

As an emerging technology, digital currency plays an important role in improving financial efficiency, promoting cross-border payment and adjusting the monetary system

All in all, China's digital currency is taking the lead in the world, and it is inevitable to promote the international market

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