Time to market of digital currency proton
Publish: 2021-05-03 14:07:49
1. 1. Walk about 260 meters from Panyu Shiqiao bus station (Qiaoxing Avenue) to Shiqiao bus station, back door station (Panyu), take No. 310 (take No. 16) to Yingzhou ecological park station, then take No. 35 (take No. 7) to the University City terminus (Science Center). Walk about 330 meters to Guangdong Science Center (University City)
2. Take Metro Line 3 (Panyu Square Tianhe passenger station) (take No. 6) from Shiqiao station to Kecun station, then take Metro Line 2 Take Metro Line 4 (take 5 stops) to Wanshengwei station, transfer to Metro Line 4 (take 2 stops) and get off at entrance a of Metro University City North Station. Go ahead to comprehensive commercial North District Station (University City), transfer to no.383 (take 3 stops) and get off at University City terminus (Science Center). Walk about 330 meters to Guangdong Science Center (University City)
2. Take Metro Line 3 (Panyu Square Tianhe passenger station) (take No. 6) from Shiqiao station to Kecun station, then take Metro Line 2 Take Metro Line 4 (take 5 stops) to Wanshengwei station, transfer to Metro Line 4 (take 2 stops) and get off at entrance a of Metro University City North Station. Go ahead to comprehensive commercial North District Station (University City), transfer to no.383 (take 3 stops) and get off at University City terminus (Science Center). Walk about 330 meters to Guangdong Science Center (University City)
2. You can't take the subway to Guangzhou Polytechnic College of science and technology in Shiqiao.
the bus route from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Guangzhou Polytechnic College of science and technology:
1. Take No.310 (No.14) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Tuhua village memorial archway temporary station (No.310) to Huajing Avenue East Station, then take no.270 (No.1) to Tuhua (Baiwei manor) station. Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 1) 5 km) to Guangzhou Polytechnic of science and technology
2. Take a taxi: a total of 16.6 km, the cost is 48.00 yuan. Note: the information is for reference only, and can not be used as the basis of payment. This fee does not include toll and Bridge toll, Traffic jam and other factors may increase the cost significantly
3. From Panyu Shiqiao bus station, take No. 310 (15 stops) to xiaozhoucunkou station, then take No. 507 (7 stops), No. 468 (7 stops) Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 1.6 km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
4. Take No. 310 (14 stops) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Tuhua village memorial archway temporary station (310 stops) to Huajing Avenue East Station, then take No. 270 (4 stops) to toy factory station. Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 1.6 km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
5 Take No.308 (7 stops) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Haizhu bus station, and then take No.221 (3 stops), No.59 (4 stops) and No.70 (4 stops) from Haizhu bus station across the road to Lijiao village bus station. Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 2.1km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
6. Take No.308 (7 stops) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Haizhu bus station, Take a taxi (9.00 yuan / 2.5km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
7. From Panyu Shiqiao bus station, take No. 301 (Shiqiao bus station Zhanqian Road) (21 stops) to shangchong south station, and then take No. 565 (4 stops) to shangchong South Station Take a taxi (9.00 yuan / 2.5km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
8. Walk 580 meters from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to KANGLEYUAN station (Panyu), take No. 309 (19) to Haizhu passenger station, and then take No. 221 (3), No. 70 (4) to Haizhu passenger station across the road Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 2.1km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
9. From Panyu Shiqiao bus station, take No. 310 (16 stops) to Yingzhou ecological park station, and then take No. 565 (9 stops), No. 35 (9 stops) to Yingzhou ecological Park station Take bus 86 (take 9 stops) to refractory factory station. Take a taxi (9.00 yuan / 2.4km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
the bus route from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Guangzhou Polytechnic College of science and technology:
1. Take No.310 (No.14) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Tuhua village memorial archway temporary station (No.310) to Huajing Avenue East Station, then take no.270 (No.1) to Tuhua (Baiwei manor) station. Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 1) 5 km) to Guangzhou Polytechnic of science and technology
2. Take a taxi: a total of 16.6 km, the cost is 48.00 yuan. Note: the information is for reference only, and can not be used as the basis of payment. This fee does not include toll and Bridge toll, Traffic jam and other factors may increase the cost significantly
3. From Panyu Shiqiao bus station, take No. 310 (15 stops) to xiaozhoucunkou station, then take No. 507 (7 stops), No. 468 (7 stops) Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 1.6 km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
4. Take No. 310 (14 stops) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Tuhua village memorial archway temporary station (310 stops) to Huajing Avenue East Station, then take No. 270 (4 stops) to toy factory station. Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 1.6 km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
5 Take No.308 (7 stops) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Haizhu bus station, and then take No.221 (3 stops), No.59 (4 stops) and No.70 (4 stops) from Haizhu bus station across the road to Lijiao village bus station. Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 2.1km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
6. Take No.308 (7 stops) from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to Haizhu bus station, Take a taxi (9.00 yuan / 2.5km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
7. From Panyu Shiqiao bus station, take No. 301 (Shiqiao bus station Zhanqian Road) (21 stops) to shangchong south station, and then take No. 565 (4 stops) to shangchong South Station Take a taxi (9.00 yuan / 2.5km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
8. Walk 580 meters from Panyu Shiqiao bus station to KANGLEYUAN station (Panyu), take No. 309 (19) to Haizhu passenger station, and then take No. 221 (3), No. 70 (4) to Haizhu passenger station across the road Take a taxi (8.00 yuan / 2.1km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
9. From Panyu Shiqiao bus station, take No. 310 (16 stops) to Yingzhou ecological park station, and then take No. 565 (9 stops), No. 35 (9 stops) to Yingzhou ecological Park station Take bus 86 (take 9 stops) to refractory factory station. Take a taxi (9.00 yuan / 2.4km) to Guangzhou Institute of science and technology
3. 1. Description of target customers and their relationship with the company, including customer value proposition (customer value orientation)
2. Description of procts and services provided by the enterprise
3. Description of the business process required for the proction and sale of procts and services
4. List of required resources, and identify which resources can be used, which resources need to be developed, and which resources need to be obtained
5. Describe the supply chain of the enterprise, including suppliers and other business partners
6. Description of expected income (income model), expected cost, capital source and profit estimation (financial viability).
2. Description of procts and services provided by the enterprise
3. Description of the business process required for the proction and sale of procts and services
4. List of required resources, and identify which resources can be used, which resources need to be developed, and which resources need to be obtained
5. Describe the supply chain of the enterprise, including suppliers and other business partners
6. Description of expected income (income model), expected cost, capital source and profit estimation (financial viability).
4. Hello, e-commerce (e-business, e-commerce, e-trade) literally means to use the current advanced electronic technology to engage in various business activities. The essence of e-commerce should be a complete network business operation and management information system. More specifically, it is the use of existing computer hardware, software and network infrastructure, through a certain protocol connected to the electronic network environment for a variety of business activities. This is a relatively strict definition. To put it more simply, e-commerce generally refers to a way of using the Internet for business activities, such as online marketing, online customer service, online advertising, online survey, etc
e-commerce
e-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information service, transaction and payment. The main contents include: e-commerce advertising; Electronic purchase and transaction, exchange of electronic transaction voucher; Electronic payment and settlement as well as after-sales online services. There are two main types of transaction: the transaction between enterprises and indivials (B to c) and the transaction between enterprises (B to b). There are four types of entities participating in e-commerce: customers (indivial consumers or enterprise groups), merchants (including sellers, manufacturers, depositors and carriers), banks (including issuers and collectors) and certification centers
e-commerce is the direct proct of the explosive development of Internet and a new development direction of network technology application. The Internet itself has the characteristics of openness, globality, low cost and high efficiency, which has also become the internal characteristics of e-commerce, and has greatly surpassed the value of e-commerce as a new form of trade. It will not only change the proction, operation and management activities of enterprises themselves, but also affect the economic operation and structure of the whole society< E-commerce makes the traditional business process electronic and digital. On the one hand, it replaces the real logistics with e-Flow, which can greatly rece the human and material resources and rece the cost; On the other hand, it breaks through the limitation of time and space, so that trading activities can be carried out at any time and any place, which greatly improves the efficiency
2. The open and global characteristics of e-commerce create more trade opportunities for enterprises
3. E-commerce enables enterprises to enter the global electronic market at similar cost, which makes it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to have the same information resources as large enterprises, and improves the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises< E-commerce redefines the traditional circulation mode, reces the intermediate links, and makes the direct transaction between procers and consumers possible, thus changing the operation mode of the whole social economy to a certain extent< On the one hand, e-commerce breaks down the barriers of time and space, on the other hand, it provides abundant information resources, which provides more possibilities for the re combination of various social and economic elements, which will affect the economic layout and structure of the society
e-commerce refers to the use of simple, fast and low-cost means of electronic communication, buyers and sellers do not meet to carry out a variety of business activities. E-commerce can be accomplished by various means of electronic communication. Simple, for example, if you conct business activities with customers by telephone or fax, it seems that it can also be called e-commerce; However, the e-commerce discussed by people is mainly completed by EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and Internet. Especially with the increasing maturity of Internet technology, the real development of e-commerce will be based on Internet technology. Therefore, some people call e-commerce IC (Internet Commerce) for short
from the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links, thus e-commerce can be divided into two levels, the lower level of e-commerce, such as e-commerce, e-trade, E-contract, etc; The most complete and advanced e-commerce should be able to carry out all the trade activities by using Internet, that is, to realize the information flow, business flow, capital flow and part of the logistics on the Internet. That is to say, you can start from looking for customers, all the way to negotiation, ordering, online payment (Collection), issuing electronic invoice and even electronic customs declaration Electronic tax payment and so on through the Internet at one go
in order to achieve complete e-commerce, there are many aspects involved, in addition to buyers and sellers, banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions should join. Because all parties involved in e-commerce do not meet each other physically, the whole process of e-commerce is not a of the business activities in the physical world. Conditions such as online banking, online electronic payment, data encryption, electronic signature and other technologies play an important and indispensable role in e-commerce
1.1 classification and mode of e-commerce
1.1.1 classification according to the operation mode of commercial activities
(1) complete e-commerce: that is to say, the whole transaction process can be realized and completed completely through e-commerce
(2) incomplete e-commerce refers to the transaction that cannot be realized and completed completely by e-commerce, and it needs to rely on some external factors, such as transportation system, to complete the transaction
1.1.2 classified by the scope of e-commerce application services
(1) business to consumer (also known as business to indivial customer or business organization to consumer) e-commerce. E-commerce of commercial institutions to consumers is basically equivalent to e-retail. At present, various types of business centers have been spread all over the Internet, providing a variety of goods and services, mainly flowers, books, computers, cars and other goods and services
(2) business to business (also known as business to business or business to business) e-commerce. The e-commerce of business organization to business organization refers to that the business organization (or enterprise or company) orders and pays the supplier (enterprise or company) with Internet or various business networks. Business to business e-commerce has been developing fastest for many years, especially through the EDI running on the value added network (Van), the e-commerce of enterprise to enterprise has been rapidly expanded and promoted. Companies may use the network to order and accept orders, contracts and other documents and payments< (3) e-commerce between enterprises and government agencies can cover many affairs between companies and government organizations. At present, some local governments in China have implemented online procurement< (4) the government will extend e-commerce to welfare payment, self-assessment and personal tax collection< (5) consumer to consumer e-commerce
1.1.3 classified by the scope of information network for electronic transactions
(1) local e-commerce usually refers to the use of information networks in the city or the region to achieve e-commerce activities, the geographical scope of electronic transactions is small. The local e-commerce system is a network system connecting the following systems by using Internet, intranet or private network: 1. The e-commerce information system of all parties involved in the transaction, including the e-commerce information system of the buyer, the seller and other parties; 2、 Electronic information system of banking and financial institutions; 3、 Insurance company information system; 4、 Commodity inspection information system; 5、 Tax management information system; 6、 Cargo transportation information system; 7、 Local EDI central system (actually, local EDI central system connects the centers of various information systems). Local e-commerce system is the basic system to develop remote domestic e-commerce and global e-commerce
(2) remote domestic e-commerce refers to the online e-commerce activities carried out within the scope of the country. Its trading area is large, and it has high requirements for software, hardware and technology. It requires the nationwide realization of electronic commerce and automation, and the realization of electronic finance. All parties of the transaction have certain e-commerce knowledge, economic ability and technical ability, And has certain management level and ability
(3) global e-commerce refers to the electronic trading activities carried out all over the world, and all parties involved in the electronic trading trade through the network. Related systems involving all parties involved in the transaction, such as the buyer's national import and export company system, customs system, banking and financial system, tax system, transportation system, insurance system, etc. The contents of global e-commerce business are complex and the data exchange is frequent. The e-commerce system is required to be strict, accurate, safe and reliable. The world's unified e-commerce standards and e-commerce (trade) agreements should be formulated to ensure the smooth development of global e-commerce
1.2 functions of e-commerce
e-commerce can provide the whole process services such as online transaction and management. Therefore, it has the functions of advertising, consultation and negotiation, online ordering, online payment, electronic account, service delivery, opinion consultation, transaction management and so on
1.2.1 advertising
e-commerce can send and broadcast all kinds of business information on the Internet with the help of enterprise web server and customer browsing. Customers can quickly find the proct information they need with the help of online search tools, while businesses can use the home page and e-mail to advertise around the world. Compared with all kinds of advertising in the past, the cost of online advertising is the lowest, but the amount of information to customers is the most abundant
1.2.2 consultation and negotiation
e-commerce can use non real-time e-mail, news group and real-time chat to understand market and commodity information and negotiate transaction affairs. If there is further demand, online whiteboard conference can also be used to exchange real-time graphic information. Online consultation and negotiation can go beyond the limitation of face-to-face negotiation and provide a variety of convenient forms of remote conversation
1.2.3 online ordering
e-commerce can realize online ordering with the help of Interactive Mail Transmission in the web. Online ordering usually provides very friendly order prompt information and order interactive format box on the proct introction page. When the customer fills in the purchase order, the system will usually reply to the confirmation information sheet to ensure the receipt of the order information. The order information can also be encrypted, so that the business information of customers and businesses will not be leaked
1.2.4 online payment
e-commerce should become a complete process. Online payment is an important link. Customers and businesses can use credit card account to implement payment. The direct use of electronic payment means on the Internet will omit the cost of many people in the transaction. Online payment will need more reliable information transmission security control to prevent cheating, eavesdropping, fraud and other illegal acts
1.2.5 electronic account
online payment must be supported by e-finance, that is, banks, credit card companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions should provide online operation services for financial services. Electronic account management is the basic part of it. A credit card number or a bank account number is a mark of an electronic account
e-commerce
e-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information service, transaction and payment. The main contents include: e-commerce advertising; Electronic purchase and transaction, exchange of electronic transaction voucher; Electronic payment and settlement as well as after-sales online services. There are two main types of transaction: the transaction between enterprises and indivials (B to c) and the transaction between enterprises (B to b). There are four types of entities participating in e-commerce: customers (indivial consumers or enterprise groups), merchants (including sellers, manufacturers, depositors and carriers), banks (including issuers and collectors) and certification centers
e-commerce is the direct proct of the explosive development of Internet and a new development direction of network technology application. The Internet itself has the characteristics of openness, globality, low cost and high efficiency, which has also become the internal characteristics of e-commerce, and has greatly surpassed the value of e-commerce as a new form of trade. It will not only change the proction, operation and management activities of enterprises themselves, but also affect the economic operation and structure of the whole society< E-commerce makes the traditional business process electronic and digital. On the one hand, it replaces the real logistics with e-Flow, which can greatly rece the human and material resources and rece the cost; On the other hand, it breaks through the limitation of time and space, so that trading activities can be carried out at any time and any place, which greatly improves the efficiency
2. The open and global characteristics of e-commerce create more trade opportunities for enterprises
3. E-commerce enables enterprises to enter the global electronic market at similar cost, which makes it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to have the same information resources as large enterprises, and improves the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises< E-commerce redefines the traditional circulation mode, reces the intermediate links, and makes the direct transaction between procers and consumers possible, thus changing the operation mode of the whole social economy to a certain extent< On the one hand, e-commerce breaks down the barriers of time and space, on the other hand, it provides abundant information resources, which provides more possibilities for the re combination of various social and economic elements, which will affect the economic layout and structure of the society
e-commerce refers to the use of simple, fast and low-cost means of electronic communication, buyers and sellers do not meet to carry out a variety of business activities. E-commerce can be accomplished by various means of electronic communication. Simple, for example, if you conct business activities with customers by telephone or fax, it seems that it can also be called e-commerce; However, the e-commerce discussed by people is mainly completed by EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and Internet. Especially with the increasing maturity of Internet technology, the real development of e-commerce will be based on Internet technology. Therefore, some people call e-commerce IC (Internet Commerce) for short
from the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links, thus e-commerce can be divided into two levels, the lower level of e-commerce, such as e-commerce, e-trade, E-contract, etc; The most complete and advanced e-commerce should be able to carry out all the trade activities by using Internet, that is, to realize the information flow, business flow, capital flow and part of the logistics on the Internet. That is to say, you can start from looking for customers, all the way to negotiation, ordering, online payment (Collection), issuing electronic invoice and even electronic customs declaration Electronic tax payment and so on through the Internet at one go
in order to achieve complete e-commerce, there are many aspects involved, in addition to buyers and sellers, banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions should join. Because all parties involved in e-commerce do not meet each other physically, the whole process of e-commerce is not a of the business activities in the physical world. Conditions such as online banking, online electronic payment, data encryption, electronic signature and other technologies play an important and indispensable role in e-commerce
1.1 classification and mode of e-commerce
1.1.1 classification according to the operation mode of commercial activities
(1) complete e-commerce: that is to say, the whole transaction process can be realized and completed completely through e-commerce
(2) incomplete e-commerce refers to the transaction that cannot be realized and completed completely by e-commerce, and it needs to rely on some external factors, such as transportation system, to complete the transaction
1.1.2 classified by the scope of e-commerce application services
(1) business to consumer (also known as business to indivial customer or business organization to consumer) e-commerce. E-commerce of commercial institutions to consumers is basically equivalent to e-retail. At present, various types of business centers have been spread all over the Internet, providing a variety of goods and services, mainly flowers, books, computers, cars and other goods and services
(2) business to business (also known as business to business or business to business) e-commerce. The e-commerce of business organization to business organization refers to that the business organization (or enterprise or company) orders and pays the supplier (enterprise or company) with Internet or various business networks. Business to business e-commerce has been developing fastest for many years, especially through the EDI running on the value added network (Van), the e-commerce of enterprise to enterprise has been rapidly expanded and promoted. Companies may use the network to order and accept orders, contracts and other documents and payments< (3) e-commerce between enterprises and government agencies can cover many affairs between companies and government organizations. At present, some local governments in China have implemented online procurement< (4) the government will extend e-commerce to welfare payment, self-assessment and personal tax collection< (5) consumer to consumer e-commerce
1.1.3 classified by the scope of information network for electronic transactions
(1) local e-commerce usually refers to the use of information networks in the city or the region to achieve e-commerce activities, the geographical scope of electronic transactions is small. The local e-commerce system is a network system connecting the following systems by using Internet, intranet or private network: 1. The e-commerce information system of all parties involved in the transaction, including the e-commerce information system of the buyer, the seller and other parties; 2、 Electronic information system of banking and financial institutions; 3、 Insurance company information system; 4、 Commodity inspection information system; 5、 Tax management information system; 6、 Cargo transportation information system; 7、 Local EDI central system (actually, local EDI central system connects the centers of various information systems). Local e-commerce system is the basic system to develop remote domestic e-commerce and global e-commerce
(2) remote domestic e-commerce refers to the online e-commerce activities carried out within the scope of the country. Its trading area is large, and it has high requirements for software, hardware and technology. It requires the nationwide realization of electronic commerce and automation, and the realization of electronic finance. All parties of the transaction have certain e-commerce knowledge, economic ability and technical ability, And has certain management level and ability
(3) global e-commerce refers to the electronic trading activities carried out all over the world, and all parties involved in the electronic trading trade through the network. Related systems involving all parties involved in the transaction, such as the buyer's national import and export company system, customs system, banking and financial system, tax system, transportation system, insurance system, etc. The contents of global e-commerce business are complex and the data exchange is frequent. The e-commerce system is required to be strict, accurate, safe and reliable. The world's unified e-commerce standards and e-commerce (trade) agreements should be formulated to ensure the smooth development of global e-commerce
1.2 functions of e-commerce
e-commerce can provide the whole process services such as online transaction and management. Therefore, it has the functions of advertising, consultation and negotiation, online ordering, online payment, electronic account, service delivery, opinion consultation, transaction management and so on
1.2.1 advertising
e-commerce can send and broadcast all kinds of business information on the Internet with the help of enterprise web server and customer browsing. Customers can quickly find the proct information they need with the help of online search tools, while businesses can use the home page and e-mail to advertise around the world. Compared with all kinds of advertising in the past, the cost of online advertising is the lowest, but the amount of information to customers is the most abundant
1.2.2 consultation and negotiation
e-commerce can use non real-time e-mail, news group and real-time chat to understand market and commodity information and negotiate transaction affairs. If there is further demand, online whiteboard conference can also be used to exchange real-time graphic information. Online consultation and negotiation can go beyond the limitation of face-to-face negotiation and provide a variety of convenient forms of remote conversation
1.2.3 online ordering
e-commerce can realize online ordering with the help of Interactive Mail Transmission in the web. Online ordering usually provides very friendly order prompt information and order interactive format box on the proct introction page. When the customer fills in the purchase order, the system will usually reply to the confirmation information sheet to ensure the receipt of the order information. The order information can also be encrypted, so that the business information of customers and businesses will not be leaked
1.2.4 online payment
e-commerce should become a complete process. Online payment is an important link. Customers and businesses can use credit card account to implement payment. The direct use of electronic payment means on the Internet will omit the cost of many people in the transaction. Online payment will need more reliable information transmission security control to prevent cheating, eavesdropping, fraud and other illegal acts
1.2.5 electronic account
online payment must be supported by e-finance, that is, banks, credit card companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions should provide online operation services for financial services. Electronic account management is the basic part of it. A credit card number or a bank account number is a mark of an electronic account
5. 1. The concept and definition of e-commerce
e-commerce (e-business, e-commerce, e-trade) literally means to engage in various business activities by using the current advanced electronic technology. The essence of e-commerce should be a complete network business operation and management information system. More specifically, it is the use of existing computer hardware, software and network infrastructure, through a certain protocol connected to the electronic network environment for a variety of business activities. This is a relatively strict definition. To put it more simply, e-commerce generally refers to a way of using the Internet for business activities, such as online marketing, online customer service, online advertising, online survey, etc
e-commerce
e-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information service, transaction and payment. The main contents include: e-commerce advertising; Electronic purchase and transaction, exchange of electronic transaction voucher; Electronic payment and settlement as well as after-sales online services. There are two main types of transaction: the transaction between enterprises and indivials (B to c) and the transaction between enterprises (B to b). There are four types of entities participating in e-commerce: customers (indivial consumers or enterprise groups), merchants (including sellers, manufacturers, depositors and carriers), banks (including issuers and collectors) and certification centers
e-commerce is the direct proct of the explosive development of Internet, and it is a new development direction of network technology application. The Internet itself has the characteristics of openness, globality, low cost and high efficiency, which has also become the internal characteristics of e-commerce, and has greatly surpassed the value of e-commerce as a new form of trade. It will not only change the proction, operation and management activities of enterprises themselves, but also affect the economic operation and structure of the whole society
1. E-commerce makes the traditional business process electronic and digital. On the one hand, it replaces the real logistics with e-Flow, which can greatly rece human and material resources and rece costs; On the other hand, it breaks through the limitation of time and space, so that trading activities can be carried out at any time and any place, which greatly improves the efficiency< The open and global characteristics of e-commerce create more trade opportunities for enterprises
3. E-commerce enables enterprises to enter the global electronic market at similar cost, which makes it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to have the same information resources as large enterprises, and improves the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises
4. E-commerce redefines the traditional circulation mode, reces the intermediate links, and makes the direct transaction between procers and consumers possible, thus changing the operation mode of the whole social economy to a certain extent< On the one hand, e-commerce breaks down the barriers of time and space, on the other hand, it provides abundant information resources, providing more possibilities for the re combination of various social and economic elements, which will affect the economic layout and structure of the society
e-commerce refers to the use of simple, fast and low-cost means of electronic communication, buyers and sellers do not meet to carry out a variety of business activities. E-commerce can be accomplished by various means of electronic communication. Simple, for example, if you conct business activities with customers by telephone or fax, it seems that it can also be called e-commerce; However, the e-commerce discussed by people is mainly completed by EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and Internet. Especially with the increasing maturity of Internet technology, the real development of e-commerce will be based on Internet technology. Therefore, some people call e-commerce IC (Internet Commerce) for short
from the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links, thus e-commerce can be divided into two levels, the lower level e-commerce, such as e-business information, e-trade, E-contract, etc; The most complete and advanced e-commerce should be able to carry out all the trade activities by using Internet, that is, to realize the information flow, business flow, capital flow and part of the logistics on the Internet. That is to say, you can start from looking for customers, all the way to negotiation, ordering, online payment (Collection), issuing electronic invoice and even electronic customs declaration Electronic tax payment and so on through the Internet at one go
in order to achieve a complete e-commerce, there are still many aspects involved, in addition to buyers and sellers, banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions should join. Because all parties involved in e-commerce do not meet each other physically, the whole process of e-commerce is not a of the business activities in the physical world. Conditions such as online banking, online electronic payment, data encryption, electronic signature and other technologies play an important and indispensable role in e-commerce<
1.1 classification and mode of e-commerce
(2) incomplete e-commerce: it refers to the transaction that cannot be completely realized and completed by e-commerce, and it needs to rely on some external factors, such as transportation system, to complete the transaction
1.1.2 by the domain of e-commerce application services
(1) business to consumer (also called business to indivial customer or business organization to consumer) e-commerce. E-commerce of commercial institutions to consumers is basically equivalent to e-retail. At present, various types of business centers have been spread all over the Internet, providing a variety of goods and services, mainly flowers, books, computers, cars and other goods and services
(2) business to business (also known as business to business or business to business) e-commerce. The e-commerce of business organization to business organization refers to that the business organization (or enterprise or company) orders and pays the supplier (enterprise or company) with Internet or various business networks. Business to business e-commerce has been developing fastest for many years, especially through the EDI running on the value added network (Van), the e-commerce of enterprise to enterprise has been rapidly expanded and promoted. Companies may use the network to order and accept orders, contracts and other documents and payments
(3) e-commerce between enterprises and government agencies
e-commerce between enterprises and government agencies can cover many affairs between companies and government organizations. At present, some local governments in China have implemented online procurement< (4) consumers' e-commerce to government agencies
the government will extend e-commerce to welfare payment, self-assessment and personal tax collection
(5) consumer to consumer e-commerce
1.1.3 classified by the scope of information network for electronic transactions
(1) local e-commerce usually refers to the use of information networks in the city or the region to achieve e-commerce activities, the geographical scope of electronic transactions is small. The local e-commerce system is a network system connecting the following systems by using Internet, intranet or private network: 1. The e-commerce information system of all parties involved in the transaction, including the e-commerce information system of the buyer, the seller and other parties; 2、 Electronic information system of banking and financial institutions; 3、 Insurance company information system; 4、 Commodity inspection information system; 5、 Tax management information system; 6、 Cargo transportation information system; 7、 Local EDI central system (actually, local EDI central system connects the centers of various information systems). Local e-commerce system is the basic system to develop remote domestic e-commerce and global e-commerce
(2) remote domestic e-commerce refers to the online e-commerce activities carried out within the scope of the country. Its trading area is large, and it has high requirements for software, hardware and technology. It requires the nationwide realization of e-commerce and automation, and the realization of e-finance. All parties in the transaction have certain e-commerce knowledge, economic ability and technical ability, And has certain management level and ability
(3) global e-commerce refers to the electronic trading activities carried out all over the world, and all parties involved in electronic trading trade through the network. Related systems involving all parties involved in the transaction, such as the buyer's national import and export company system, customs system, banking and financial system, tax system, transportation system, insurance system, etc. The contents of global e-commerce business are complex and the data exchange is frequent. The e-commerce system is required to be strict, accurate, safe and reliable. The world's unified e-commerce standards and e-commerce (trade) agreements should be formulated to ensure the smooth development of global e-commerce
1.2 functions of e-commerce
e-commerce can provide the whole process services such as online transaction and management. Therefore, it has the functions of advertising, consultation and negotiation, online ordering, online payment, electronic account, service delivery, opinion consultation, transaction management and so on
1.2.1 advertising
e-commerce can broadcast all kinds of business information on the Internet with the help of enterprise web server and customer browsing. Customers can quickly find the proct information they need with the help of online search tools, while businesses can use the home page and e-mail to advertise around the world. Compared with all kinds of advertising in the past, the cost of online advertising is the lowest, but the amount of information to customers is the most abundant
1.2.2 consultation and negotiation
e-commerce can use non real-time e-mail, news group and real-time chat to understand market and commodity information and negotiate transaction affairs. If there is further demand, online whiteboard conference can also be used to exchange real-time graphic information. Online consultation and negotiation can go beyond the limitation of face-to-face negotiation and provide a variety of convenient forms of remote conversation
1.2.3 online ordering
e-commerce can achieve online ordering with the help of interactive mail delivery in the web. Online ordering usually provides very friendly order prompt information and order interactive format box on the proct introction page. When the customer fills in the purchase order, the system will usually reply to the confirmation information sheet to ensure the receipt of the order information. The order information can also be encrypted, so that the business information of customers and businesses will not be leaked
1.2.4 online payment
e-commerce should be a complete process. Online payment is an important link. Customers and businesses can use credit card account to implement payment. The direct use of electronic payment means on the Internet will omit the cost of many people in the transaction. Online payment will need more reliable information transmission security control to prevent cheating, eavesdropping, fraud and other illegal acts
1.2.5 electronic account
online payment must be supported by e-finance, that is, banks, credit card companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions should provide online operation services for financial services. Electronic account management is the basic part of it. A credit card number or bank account number is a sign of an electronic account. And its credibility should be matched with necessary technical measures
e-commerce (e-business, e-commerce, e-trade) literally means to engage in various business activities by using the current advanced electronic technology. The essence of e-commerce should be a complete network business operation and management information system. More specifically, it is the use of existing computer hardware, software and network infrastructure, through a certain protocol connected to the electronic network environment for a variety of business activities. This is a relatively strict definition. To put it more simply, e-commerce generally refers to a way of using the Internet for business activities, such as online marketing, online customer service, online advertising, online survey, etc
e-commerce
e-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information service, transaction and payment. The main contents include: e-commerce advertising; Electronic purchase and transaction, exchange of electronic transaction voucher; Electronic payment and settlement as well as after-sales online services. There are two main types of transaction: the transaction between enterprises and indivials (B to c) and the transaction between enterprises (B to b). There are four types of entities participating in e-commerce: customers (indivial consumers or enterprise groups), merchants (including sellers, manufacturers, depositors and carriers), banks (including issuers and collectors) and certification centers
e-commerce is the direct proct of the explosive development of Internet, and it is a new development direction of network technology application. The Internet itself has the characteristics of openness, globality, low cost and high efficiency, which has also become the internal characteristics of e-commerce, and has greatly surpassed the value of e-commerce as a new form of trade. It will not only change the proction, operation and management activities of enterprises themselves, but also affect the economic operation and structure of the whole society
1. E-commerce makes the traditional business process electronic and digital. On the one hand, it replaces the real logistics with e-Flow, which can greatly rece human and material resources and rece costs; On the other hand, it breaks through the limitation of time and space, so that trading activities can be carried out at any time and any place, which greatly improves the efficiency< The open and global characteristics of e-commerce create more trade opportunities for enterprises
3. E-commerce enables enterprises to enter the global electronic market at similar cost, which makes it possible for small and medium-sized enterprises to have the same information resources as large enterprises, and improves the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises
4. E-commerce redefines the traditional circulation mode, reces the intermediate links, and makes the direct transaction between procers and consumers possible, thus changing the operation mode of the whole social economy to a certain extent< On the one hand, e-commerce breaks down the barriers of time and space, on the other hand, it provides abundant information resources, providing more possibilities for the re combination of various social and economic elements, which will affect the economic layout and structure of the society
e-commerce refers to the use of simple, fast and low-cost means of electronic communication, buyers and sellers do not meet to carry out a variety of business activities. E-commerce can be accomplished by various means of electronic communication. Simple, for example, if you conct business activities with customers by telephone or fax, it seems that it can also be called e-commerce; However, the e-commerce discussed by people is mainly completed by EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and Internet. Especially with the increasing maturity of Internet technology, the real development of e-commerce will be based on Internet technology. Therefore, some people call e-commerce IC (Internet Commerce) for short
from the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links, thus e-commerce can be divided into two levels, the lower level e-commerce, such as e-business information, e-trade, E-contract, etc; The most complete and advanced e-commerce should be able to carry out all the trade activities by using Internet, that is, to realize the information flow, business flow, capital flow and part of the logistics on the Internet. That is to say, you can start from looking for customers, all the way to negotiation, ordering, online payment (Collection), issuing electronic invoice and even electronic customs declaration Electronic tax payment and so on through the Internet at one go
in order to achieve a complete e-commerce, there are still many aspects involved, in addition to buyers and sellers, banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions should join. Because all parties involved in e-commerce do not meet each other physically, the whole process of e-commerce is not a of the business activities in the physical world. Conditions such as online banking, online electronic payment, data encryption, electronic signature and other technologies play an important and indispensable role in e-commerce<
1.1 classification and mode of e-commerce
(2) incomplete e-commerce: it refers to the transaction that cannot be completely realized and completed by e-commerce, and it needs to rely on some external factors, such as transportation system, to complete the transaction
1.1.2 by the domain of e-commerce application services
(1) business to consumer (also called business to indivial customer or business organization to consumer) e-commerce. E-commerce of commercial institutions to consumers is basically equivalent to e-retail. At present, various types of business centers have been spread all over the Internet, providing a variety of goods and services, mainly flowers, books, computers, cars and other goods and services
(2) business to business (also known as business to business or business to business) e-commerce. The e-commerce of business organization to business organization refers to that the business organization (or enterprise or company) orders and pays the supplier (enterprise or company) with Internet or various business networks. Business to business e-commerce has been developing fastest for many years, especially through the EDI running on the value added network (Van), the e-commerce of enterprise to enterprise has been rapidly expanded and promoted. Companies may use the network to order and accept orders, contracts and other documents and payments
(3) e-commerce between enterprises and government agencies
e-commerce between enterprises and government agencies can cover many affairs between companies and government organizations. At present, some local governments in China have implemented online procurement< (4) consumers' e-commerce to government agencies
the government will extend e-commerce to welfare payment, self-assessment and personal tax collection
(5) consumer to consumer e-commerce
1.1.3 classified by the scope of information network for electronic transactions
(1) local e-commerce usually refers to the use of information networks in the city or the region to achieve e-commerce activities, the geographical scope of electronic transactions is small. The local e-commerce system is a network system connecting the following systems by using Internet, intranet or private network: 1. The e-commerce information system of all parties involved in the transaction, including the e-commerce information system of the buyer, the seller and other parties; 2、 Electronic information system of banking and financial institutions; 3、 Insurance company information system; 4、 Commodity inspection information system; 5、 Tax management information system; 6、 Cargo transportation information system; 7、 Local EDI central system (actually, local EDI central system connects the centers of various information systems). Local e-commerce system is the basic system to develop remote domestic e-commerce and global e-commerce
(2) remote domestic e-commerce refers to the online e-commerce activities carried out within the scope of the country. Its trading area is large, and it has high requirements for software, hardware and technology. It requires the nationwide realization of e-commerce and automation, and the realization of e-finance. All parties in the transaction have certain e-commerce knowledge, economic ability and technical ability, And has certain management level and ability
(3) global e-commerce refers to the electronic trading activities carried out all over the world, and all parties involved in electronic trading trade through the network. Related systems involving all parties involved in the transaction, such as the buyer's national import and export company system, customs system, banking and financial system, tax system, transportation system, insurance system, etc. The contents of global e-commerce business are complex and the data exchange is frequent. The e-commerce system is required to be strict, accurate, safe and reliable. The world's unified e-commerce standards and e-commerce (trade) agreements should be formulated to ensure the smooth development of global e-commerce
1.2 functions of e-commerce
e-commerce can provide the whole process services such as online transaction and management. Therefore, it has the functions of advertising, consultation and negotiation, online ordering, online payment, electronic account, service delivery, opinion consultation, transaction management and so on
1.2.1 advertising
e-commerce can broadcast all kinds of business information on the Internet with the help of enterprise web server and customer browsing. Customers can quickly find the proct information they need with the help of online search tools, while businesses can use the home page and e-mail to advertise around the world. Compared with all kinds of advertising in the past, the cost of online advertising is the lowest, but the amount of information to customers is the most abundant
1.2.2 consultation and negotiation
e-commerce can use non real-time e-mail, news group and real-time chat to understand market and commodity information and negotiate transaction affairs. If there is further demand, online whiteboard conference can also be used to exchange real-time graphic information. Online consultation and negotiation can go beyond the limitation of face-to-face negotiation and provide a variety of convenient forms of remote conversation
1.2.3 online ordering
e-commerce can achieve online ordering with the help of interactive mail delivery in the web. Online ordering usually provides very friendly order prompt information and order interactive format box on the proct introction page. When the customer fills in the purchase order, the system will usually reply to the confirmation information sheet to ensure the receipt of the order information. The order information can also be encrypted, so that the business information of customers and businesses will not be leaked
1.2.4 online payment
e-commerce should be a complete process. Online payment is an important link. Customers and businesses can use credit card account to implement payment. The direct use of electronic payment means on the Internet will omit the cost of many people in the transaction. Online payment will need more reliable information transmission security control to prevent cheating, eavesdropping, fraud and other illegal acts
1.2.5 electronic account
online payment must be supported by e-finance, that is, banks, credit card companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions should provide online operation services for financial services. Electronic account management is the basic part of it. A credit card number or bank account number is a sign of an electronic account. And its credibility should be matched with necessary technical measures
6. Many banks in Hong Kong can invest in foreign exchange
for example, we are familiar with Bank of China, CCB Asia (that is, CCB's company in Hong Kong), Standard Chartered Bank, DBS Bank, Bank of East Asia, Bank of communications, and many others, so we will not describe them one by one.
for example, we are familiar with Bank of China, CCB Asia (that is, CCB's company in Hong Kong), Standard Chartered Bank, DBS Bank, Bank of East Asia, Bank of communications, and many others, so we will not describe them one by one.
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