The birth of the world's first central bank digital currency

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Policies and regulations

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Generally, the excellent digital currencies are mostly imported procts, such as bitcoin, Leyte coin, ether coin and so on. However, the domestic Yuanbao coin, Ruitai coin, bitcoin and the tokens of different crowdfunding projects of European crowdfunding are excellent digital currencies

< H2 > development materials

digital currency (English: digital currency) is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. At present, no central bank of any government has indicated that it will issue digital currency, and digital currency does not have to have a benchmark currency and a central bank

it is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography

3. Digital currency is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
China: actively and steadily promote the implementation of the research on the central bank's digital currency
as early as 2014, the central bank set up a special research group on the issue of legal digital currency to demonstrate the feasibility of the central bank's issue of legal digital currency< On October 28, 2019, Huang Qifan, vice president of China Center for international economic exchange, said: "the people's Bank of China has studied DC / EP for five or six years, and I think it has become mature. The people's Bank of China is likely to be the first central bank in the world to launch a digital currency. "
on November 28, fan Yifei, vice governor of the people's Bank of China, said at the forum that at present, the central bank's legal digital currency DC / EP has basically completed the top-level design, standard formulation, function research and development, joint debugging and testing under the premise of adhering to double-layer delivery, M0 substitution and controllable anonymity. In the next step, we will follow the principle of steady, safe and controllable, reasonably select the pilot verification area, scene and service scope, continuously optimize and enrich the DC / EP functions, and steadily promote the introction and application of digital legal tender< European Central Bank: exploring the form and possibility of CBDC. 'we are analyzing what form CBDC may take in order to achieve its potential purpose and mitigate its potential negative impact on monetary stability and financial intermediation,' Mr. kindos said. On the stable coin, Mr jindos said that it was very uncertain whether the stable coin could deliver on its promise, and it was clear that it could bring risks to consumers and the financial system. So it is understandable that authorities around the world are calling for regulatory stability.

4. On January 20, 2016, the people's Bank of China announced on its website that it held a seminar on digital currency. At the meeting, the central bank asked its digital currency research team to "strive for the early launch of the digital currency issued by the central bank". Similarly, central banks such as the Bank of England and the Bank of Canada are planning or considering issuing their own digital currencies. After the advent of bitcoin triggered a wave of private issue and de nationalization of digital currency, the digital currency issued by the central bank seems to have become a global trend

digital currency is a new technology, which is different from the traditional electronic payment tools used by online banking and third-party payment companies. It is developed on the basis of a series of new technologies - they are not tools to transmit money; They are money in themselves. Among them, digital currency based on cryptography is also called cryptocurrency. Bitcoin is a model of this kind of digital currency. After its birth, it inspired many similar systems. Some commercial banks and central banks have also begun to develop their own digital currency. According to the different issuers, we can divide digital currency into three types:
1. Digital currency issued by non-financial institutions

in November 2008, a man named Nakamoto Tsung invented a new technology called blockchain and designed a point-to-point e-cash system, namely bitcoin, for the first time. On January 3, 2009, Nakamoto completed the code development of bitcoin. Due to its point-to-point and electronic nature, bitcoin can be passed directly between two people without the need for a centralized settlement institution. Therefore, it is a fast, low-cost, borderless payment system
2. Digital currency issued by commercial banks

some large international financial institutions have taken a fancy to the low-cost, fast and safe characteristics of digital currency, and began to try to use its underlying technology, namely blockchain technology, to develop their own digital currency. For example, four of the world's largest banks, UBS, Deutsche Bank, Santander bank and New York Mellon bank, are already involved. Their digital currencies are similar to those mentioned above, but their issuers are different. It is particularly noteworthy that financial institutions develop digital currency to meet the needs of their own rapid clearing transactions, rather than challenge the financial situation by replacing the legal currency issued by the central bank. The domestic Puyin group also launched Puyin
3. Digital currency issued by the central bank

some central banks, such as the people's Bank of China and the Bank of England, also plan to launch their own central bank digital currency after some research on digital currency. Technically, CBDC is the same as the above two, but e to its special identity, CBDC will have a greater economic impact, which is the reason why the central bank wants to introce CBDC.

6. The significance of bitcoin mining: distribute the initial bitcoin
opponents of bitcoin accuse mining of wasting a lot of resources to make meaningless coin toss, while supporters take gold mining as an example. For the bitcoin system, the biggest significance of this kind of resource consumption mining is: to distribute 21 million initial bitcoins fairly, just like to consume resources to dig gold, the only way to distribute initial bitcoins fairly is to consume resources to dig bitcoins

bitcoin has thousands of plagiarists, competitors and improvers because of its open source code. Generally, those who simply and imitate bitcoin are called Shanzhai coins, and those who add certain new features to bitcoin are called competitive coins. Some coins add other functional moles such as smart contract to bitcoin, and call themselves "second generation coins". These thousands of coins try all the initial coin distribution modes you can imagine, such as the average distribution of the initial coin to each Icelandic, the distribution of the initial coin to the nextcoin of 73 crowd funding participants, and the slow distribution of the majority of the initial coin by the developer

but the fairness of all these ways of distributing initial coins is far weaker than the mode of burning money to obtain initial bitcoin, and fairness is the core problem of a monetary system. Therefore, although bitcoin mining consumes a lot of resources, it is a reasonable economic behavior just like consuming resources to mine gold.