Caesar digital currency exchange
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
On the evening of April 17, Zheng, the principal criminal of a huge network pyramid selling case in the guise of "blockchain", was escorted back to Xi'an by Xi'an police from Shanghai, and the "4.5" huge network pyramid selling case was solved
It is reported that since August last year, Xi'an Public Security Bureau has carried out large-scale crackdown and rectification of pyramid schemes for five times, with a total police force of 12000, destroyed 1058 pyramid schemes, ecated and repatriated more than 3000 participants in pyramid schemes, and rescued 30 college students and other deceived peoplenow these currencies are the most unreliable.
With the advent of digital currency, the encryption algorithm of currency is becoming more and more important. What are the types of passwords
classical cipher types mainly include transposition cipher and rearrangement of alphabetic order messages. For example, "Hello world" becomes "ehlol owrdl"
Diffie Hellman and RSA algorithms have been widely used except for the first public example of high quality public key algorithms. Other asymmetric key algorithms include Cramer schup cryptosystem, ElGamal encryption and various elliptic curve techniquessome well-known cryptosystems include RSA encryption, Schnorr Signature, El Gamal encryption, PGP and so on. More complex password systems include e-cash system, signcryption system, etc. Now more cryptosystems include interactive proof systems, such as zero knowledge proof, which is used for secret sharing
for a long time, information collection and law enforcement agencies have been interested in cryptography. The importance of secret communication is self-evident. Because cryptography promotes privacy protection, it also attracts great interest of cryptography supporters. Therefore, there is a history of controversial legal issues around cryptography, especially since the emergence of cheap computers makes it possible to widely use high-quality cryptography
nowadays, cryptocurrency transactions are semi anonymous, which makes them very suitable for a series of illegal activities, such as money laundering and tax evasion. However, the proponents of cryptocurrency often attach great importance to the anonymity of digital currency and think that it can protect the privacy of users. Some cryptocurrencies are more private than others
Cryptocurrency is a new type of digital asset, which is based on the network distributed on a large number of computers. This decentralized structure enables them to exist outside the control of the government and central authorities. The term "cryptocurrency" also comes from the encryption technology used to protect the networkblockchain is an organization method to ensure the integrity of digital currency transaction data, and it is an important part of many cryptocurrencies. Many experts believe that blockchain and related technologies will subvert many instries, including finance and law. Cryptocurrencies have been criticized for many reasons, including their use for illegal activities, exchange rate fluctuations and the vulnerability of the infrastructure that underpins them. However, digital currency is also praised for its portability, divisibility, anti inflation and transparency
is a fraud
when it comes to azure exchange, some fans may know something about it. Azure exchange, formerly known as the exchange, also issued platform currency Caesar coin (CAC) at that time to engage in private placement and spend money to buy mining machines to trick investors to dig for money. Moreover, a number of air coins were launched online, which cut off many investors at that time
in July this year, the stock exchange was renamed azure exchange, and the Jiujiu community established the order brushing mode. The Jiujiu community claimed that it was founded last year. In fact, some shareholders of azure exchange established several groups called Jiujiu community. At that time, I engaged in all kinds of private placement and made a lot of money
Hunan zhongzonglian Information Technology Co., Ltd., the main company of azure exchange, is located in Lugu information port, Changsha. The chairman is the former CEO of CSS Greater China and CTO of CSS China. We've got all this information in a search. As the main body, the company issues virtual currency, with a lot of negative information 
extended information:
the mode of order brushing for breakeven trading has been launched by several exchanges before. The torch plan of EXX exchange and the fire bull plan of q.com are all the mode of order brushing for breakeven trading. In the end, they have collapsed. Recently, azure exchange is also a joint venture with 99 community, and it has also completed the harvest with the help of bill brushing
when it comes to azure exchange, some fans may know something about it. Azure exchange, formerly known as the exchange, also issued platform currency Caesar coin (CAC) at that time to engage in private placement and spend money to buy mining machines to trick investors into digging up coins. Moreover, a number of air coins were launched online, which cut off many investors at that time
in July this year, the stock exchange was renamed azure exchange, and the Jiujiu community established the order brushing mode. The Jiujiu community claimed that it was founded last year. In fact, some shareholders of azure exchange established several groups called Jiujiu community. At that time, I engaged in all kinds of private placement and made a lot of money
source of reference: Hexun azure exchange | Lianhe 99 community slashes billions of investors, police
Established in 2012, azure exchange was formerly known as the exchange. At that time, it also issued platform currency Caesar (CAC) to engage in private placement and spend money to buy mining machines to trick investors to dig for coins. Moreover, a number of air coins were launched online, which cut off many investors at that time
the exchange should announce azure exchange in the revised edition in July this year, merge the old wine community, and then launch the single subscription mode. Ninety nine communities were announced last year. In fact, some shareholders of azure exchange call it "longevity community.". At the time, he was involved in various private equity deals
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as long as the investment of network platform is cheated and the following requirements are answered, you can call the police 1 2. The transaction record is within one year 3 4. There are chat or guidance records between teachers and customers (if you can't pay, you don't need guidance records) 5. The platform has not been put into operation yet; We are confident that the above conditions will be met within 3-15 working days from the recovery time
when it comes to viruses, CIH is second to none. It's powerful is that other viruses damage the computer software (at best, the operating system, data file level), and CIH damage the computer hardware (so that the computer can't boot)! At that time, the recovery method, in addition to completely clearing the hard disk data, also need to use professional tools to rewrite the motherboard BIOS. It is also from that era that anti-virus manufacturers came up with the so-called special killing tools, and motherboard manufacturers also developed some wonderful designs such as al BIOS
2. Red code (2001)
"red code" virus is a kind of network worm found on July 15, 2001, which infects the computer running Microsoft IIS Web server. The technology used in its dissemination can fully reflect the ingenious combination of network security and virus in the network era. It integrates network worms, computer viruses and Trojan horse programs, and creates a new way of network virus dissemination, which can be called epoch-making virus. If a little modification, it will be a very deadly virus, can completely obtain all the permissions of the computer and do whatever you want, can steal confidential data, a serious threat to network security<
red code virus
3. Shockwave (2003)
shockwave virus was spread by using the RPC vulnerability published on July 21, 2003, which broke out in August of that year. When the virus is running, it will constantly use IP scanning technology to find the computer on the network whose system is WIN2000 or XP. After it is found, it will use DCOM / RPC buffer vulnerability to attack the system. Once the attack is successful, the virus body will be transmitted to the other computer for infection, which will make the system operate abnormally, restart continuously, and even cause the system to crash. In addition, the virus will also carry out a denial of service attack on the system upgrade website, leading to the blockage of the website, so that users can not upgrade the system through the website. As long as there is RPC service on the computer and there is no security patch on the computer, there are RPC vulnerabilities. The specific operating system involved is: Windows 2000 & # 92; XP\ Server 2003\ NT4.0< 4. Shockwave (2004)
"shockwave" is still lingering, and "shockwave" is coming again. A year later, another computer virus similar to shockwave is coming back to netizens' computers. From the name point of view, the two viruses do not seem to be very different, and even the restart prompt looks the same. But in fact, the shock wave exploits the system RPC vulnerability, while the shock wave exploits the system LSASS vulnerability. No matter how to say it, anyway, these two viruses are always nightmares of that era< Panda Shaoxiang (2006)
when it comes to pandas, we always think of their simple and lovely appearance. Who would have thought that they would turn into a frightening computer virus? In just two months from the end of 2006 to the beginning of 2007, a virus named "panda burning incense" swept across the whole land of China. At that time, all major websites and personal computers were covered by a very strange virus icon - a panda burning incense. In addition to the icon, panda burning incense will also change some system files, resulting in the loss of personal data. And its originator, Li Jun from Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei, was also sentenced to four years' imprisonment that year< Many people have seen "panda burning incense"
6. Disk drive (2007)
disk drive virus, also known as mmycom virus, is the fastest spreading, fastest variant and most destructive virus in recent months. According to 360 security center statistics, more than 1001000 users are infected with disk virus every day“ At present, there are more than 100 variants of "disk drive". At present, the virus infection and spread range are showing the trend of spread. The damage and loss caused by the virus is 10 times that of "panda burning incense"< Super factory virus (2010)
Stuxnet worm (super factory virus) is the first destructive virus specially written for instrial control system in the world, which can exploit seven vulnerabilities of windows system and Siemens SIMATIC WinCC system. Especially for Siemens SIMATIC WinCC monitoring and data acquisition (SCADA) system attack, because the system is widely used in many important instries in our country, it is used for human-computer interaction and monitoring in iron and steel, electric power, energy, chemical and other important instries. Route of transmission: the virus is mainly transmitted through U disk and LAN. Historical "contribution": it caused Iran's nuclear power plant to delay generating electricity. 2010-09-25, entering China<
the "super virus" Stuxnet was popular in those years
8. Wannacry
wannacry (want to cry, also known as wanna decryptor), a kind of "worm like" blackmail virus software, with the size of 3.3mb, was spread by criminals using the dangerous vulnerability "eternal blue" leaked by NSA (National Security Agency)
the malware will scan the TCP 445 port (server message block / SMB) on the computer, spread in a worm like way, attack the host and encrypt the files stored on the host, and then ask for ransom in the form of bitcoin. The amount of extortion ranged from $300 to $600
on May 14, 2017, a variant of wannacry blackmail virus appeared: wannacry 2.0, which cancelled the kill switch and spread faster. As of May 15, 2017, wannacry has caused cyber attacks in at least 150 countries, which has affected the financial, energy, medical and other instries, causing serious crisis management problems. Some windows operating system users in China are infected. Campus network users bear the brunt of the infection. A large number of laboratory data and graation projects are locked and encrypted
at present, the security instry has not been able to effectively break the malicious encryption behavior of the blackmail software. Brad Smith, President and chief legal officer of Microsoft, said that the U.S. national security agency did not disclose more security vulnerabilities, which gave criminal organizations an opportunity to take advantage of, and eventually brought the blackmail virus that attacked 150 countries this time<
wannacry Eternal Blue virus
written at the end
throughout the development history of computer virus in these years, it is not difficult to find that although the virus is a proct generated simultaneously with the computer and the Internet, with the popularity of various security protection tools and the improvement of people's security awareness, In recent years, the malignant virus like "panda burning incense" has become more and more rare. However, the recent outbreak of wanna cry still gives us a wake-up call. It is never an outdated topic to patch and back up important data regularly! Keep the alarm ringing, make a good backup!
Amount in words: seven hundred thousand yuan only
number in Chinese characters: seven hundred thousand yuan only
Check Writing: ￥ 700000 yuan (in words) seven hundred thousand yuan only
the words "RMB" should be marked before the amount in words in Chinese, and the amount in words should be filled in immediately after the words "RMB", without blank space
when there is "0" in Arabic numerals, Chinese capital should be written according to the rules of Chinese language, the composition of amount and the requirements of preventing alteration
For example, ￥ 206000.75 should be written as RMB two hundred and six thousand and seventy-five cents, or RMB two hundred and six thousand and seventy-five centstable of Arabic numerals corresponding to capital letters:
{rrrrrrr}
< H2 > extended data:notes of RMB capital letters:
Chinese capital amount should be filled in block letters or running script, such as one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, million, ten thousand, hundred million, yuan, Jiao, Fen, zero, whole (positive), etc
it is not allowed to use one, two (two), three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, twenty, Mao, another (or 0), and it is not allowed to make simplified words. If complex characters such as Er, Lu, Yi, Wan and Yuan are used in the writing of capital numbers from one to ten, they should also be accepted
The capitalization of numbers began in Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang issued a decree because of a major corruption case "Guo Huan case" at that time, which clearly required that the number of bookkeeping must be "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand"changed to "one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred (MO), thousand (Qian)" and other complex Chinese characters to increase the difficulty of altering the account books. Later, "Mo" and "Qian" were rewritten as "Bai, Qian", and have been used until now