Ming Dynasty digital currency
Publish: 2021-03-29 18:00:53
1. One liang of gold is about eight liang of silver is about 8000 copper coins. This is calculated and can't be regarded as an accurate figure. Taizu of Ming Dynasty issued banknotes because there was no reserve fund. Banknotes were equivalent to waste paper. This was converted by other people and can't be regarded as an accurate figure
2. The purchasing power of ancient gold, silver and copper has always been an interesting topic. This gossip water margin also transforms the currency of the Song Dynasty into today's RMB in line with the modern context. Master Wuzhai is not an expert in the study of currency in Song Dynasty. It is impossible to make a complete and accurate conversion. Only a rough estimate can be given here, so that readers can have a basic concept
generally speaking, gold, silver and copper coins (in fact, copper based alloys) were the main currencies in ancient China. The silver standard system in Song Dynasty is different from that in Ming and Qing Dynasty. It is copper standard system. Copper money is the main currency, and gold and silver are not used as currency. The basic unit of copper coin is "Wen" and "Guan (Luo)", which is consistent with 1000 Wen. In Song Dynasty, there were 800 Wen and 850 Wen when finance was tight. In addition, there are also discount two money, when three money, when ten money and other disguised inflation. For example, in the day when Yang Zhi killed Niu Er, Niu Er used to make Yang Zhi test his sword with three coins. As the name suggests, one coin is regarded as three coins. When Cai Jing was Prime Minister, he even offered ten coins. In order to simplify our calculation method, the owner of Wuzhai ignores these factors
when discussing ancient coins, we usually use such a hypothesis, that is:
1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan copper coin = 10000 Wen copper coin
although the exchange rate of gold, silver and copper has been floating, this assumption is basically reasonable. Wang Zengyu, a contemporary expert of Song Dynasty history, once mentioned in the chapter 7 "overcoming Xianghan" of his new biography of Yuefei that the imperial court wrote to Yuefei: "fourth, pay 60000 stone meters and 400000 Guan for military supplies. At that time, gold and silver had not been used as independent currency. Thus, it can be seen that 400000 Guan copper coins in the early Southern Song Dynasty are equivalent to 100000 taels of silver and 5000 taels of gold, which basically conforms to the above hypothesis in the order of magnitude
in order to discuss the purchasing power of money, we must first mention two famous methods. In his great history of China, Mr. Huang Renyu used the price of gold as the benchmark to calculate the value of copper coin today based on the assumption that 1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan In his book "hidden rules", Mr. Wang uses both rice price and silver price as the benchmark and gives two figures. However, Mr. Wang prefers to take the data converted from the rice price
then, according to the two gentlemen's method, let's take a look at the Song Dynasty's yiguanhe today (October 2004) how much RMB
1) gold benchmark
international price, the price of gold basically fluctuates around $400 an ounce. We'll take $400 an ounce. An ounce is 28.3 grams. In the Song Dynasty, one kilogram was 640 grams. One kilogram has 16 Liang, so in Song Dynasty, one liang is 40 grams today. In this way, gold in Song Dynasty is equivalent to 565 US dollars, and in today's US dollar to RMB 8.23, it is equivalent to 4650 yuan. According to the assumption that 1 liang of gold is 10 liang of silver, that is, 10 Guan coins, the copper coins in Song Dynasty are equivalent to 465 yuan
2) silver benchmark
international price, silver price basically fluctuates around 6 US dollars an ounce. Similar to the conversion of gold price, one or two silver, that is, copper coin, is equivalent to 70 yuan
3) the price standard of rice in Song Dynasty was 640 grams per catty. In the Song Dynasty, 1 stone is 92.5 Jin (Shen Kuo's Mengxi pen talk Volume 3 says, "if a stone weighs 92.5 Jin, it will weigh 341 Jin in the Han Dynasty.". Therefore, a stone of rice has 59200 grams, or 59.2 kilograms. If we do not consider the special famine years or harvest years, the price of rice in the early Northern Song Dynasty was about 300 Wen to 600 Wen per stone, in the middle period (Renzong years), it was between 600 Wen to 700 Wen, and in the early Southern Song Dynasty, it was about 2 Guan. So it is reasonable to calculate about one Guan per stone ring the Huizong period in the late Northern Song Dynasty. If the current price of rice is 2.5 yuan per kilogram, 59.2 kg of Yishi rice in Song Dynasty is 148 yuan, that is to say, one Guan copper coin is 148 yuan
so far, we have three prices: 465 yuan for gold, 70 yuan for silver and 148 yuan for grain. Since China is not a major procer of silver, and the cost of extracting silver has been greatly reced after instrialization, the value of ancient silver must be significantly higher than the present value. Obviously, it is unreasonable to use today's silver price as a reference. This can be seen from today's silver price of $6 and gold price of $400 an ounce. Today's one or two gold can be exchanged for 66 taels of silver, while the exchange rate of gold and silver in ancient China is assumed to be 1:10. The output of gold is stable, and it is still regarded as an important hard currency reserve by countries all over the world. So it's reasonable to use gold as a benchmark
in addition, with the rapid development of modern technology, the hybrid rice of Mr. Yuan Longping has greatly improved the grain yield, but today the population consuming grain has also increased greatly. According to the geographical records of the Song Dynasty, the population of the Northern Song Dynasty was less than 50 million, while today China has a population of 1.3 billion. Food is the first priority of the people, and the price of grain should still be an important benchmark
therefore, the owner of Wuzhai took an average value of 306.5 yuan of 465 yuan of gold price benchmark and 148 yuan of rice price benchmark, and adjusted it to 300 yuan of copper. Therefore, we have the following basic conversion:
1 Liang Jin = 3000 yuan
1 liang yin = 1 Guan Tong Qian = 300 yuan
1 Wen Tong Qian = 0.3 yuan
generally speaking, gold, silver and copper coins (in fact, copper based alloys) were the main currencies in ancient China. The silver standard system in Song Dynasty is different from that in Ming and Qing Dynasty. It is copper standard system. Copper money is the main currency, and gold and silver are not used as currency. The basic unit of copper coin is "Wen" and "Guan (Luo)", which is consistent with 1000 Wen. In Song Dynasty, there were 800 Wen and 850 Wen when finance was tight. In addition, there are also discount two money, when three money, when ten money and other disguised inflation. For example, in the day when Yang Zhi killed Niu Er, Niu Er used to make Yang Zhi test his sword with three coins. As the name suggests, one coin is regarded as three coins. When Cai Jing was Prime Minister, he even offered ten coins. In order to simplify our calculation method, the owner of Wuzhai ignores these factors
when discussing ancient coins, we usually use such a hypothesis, that is:
1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan copper coin = 10000 Wen copper coin
although the exchange rate of gold, silver and copper has been floating, this assumption is basically reasonable. Wang Zengyu, a contemporary expert of Song Dynasty history, once mentioned in the chapter 7 "overcoming Xianghan" of his new biography of Yuefei that the imperial court wrote to Yuefei: "fourth, pay 60000 stone meters and 400000 Guan for military supplies. At that time, gold and silver had not been used as independent currency. Thus, it can be seen that 400000 Guan copper coins in the early Southern Song Dynasty are equivalent to 100000 taels of silver and 5000 taels of gold, which basically conforms to the above hypothesis in the order of magnitude
in order to discuss the purchasing power of money, we must first mention two famous methods. In his great history of China, Mr. Huang Renyu used the price of gold as the benchmark to calculate the value of copper coin today based on the assumption that 1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan In his book "hidden rules", Mr. Wang uses both rice price and silver price as the benchmark and gives two figures. However, Mr. Wang prefers to take the data converted from the rice price
then, according to the two gentlemen's method, let's take a look at the Song Dynasty's yiguanhe today (October 2004) how much RMB
1) gold benchmark
international price, the price of gold basically fluctuates around $400 an ounce. We'll take $400 an ounce. An ounce is 28.3 grams. In the Song Dynasty, one kilogram was 640 grams. One kilogram has 16 Liang, so in Song Dynasty, one liang is 40 grams today. In this way, gold in Song Dynasty is equivalent to 565 US dollars, and in today's US dollar to RMB 8.23, it is equivalent to 4650 yuan. According to the assumption that 1 liang of gold is 10 liang of silver, that is, 10 Guan coins, the copper coins in Song Dynasty are equivalent to 465 yuan
2) silver benchmark
international price, silver price basically fluctuates around 6 US dollars an ounce. Similar to the conversion of gold price, one or two silver, that is, copper coin, is equivalent to 70 yuan
3) the price standard of rice in Song Dynasty was 640 grams per catty. In the Song Dynasty, 1 stone is 92.5 Jin (Shen Kuo's Mengxi pen talk Volume 3 says, "if a stone weighs 92.5 Jin, it will weigh 341 Jin in the Han Dynasty.". Therefore, a stone of rice has 59200 grams, or 59.2 kilograms. If we do not consider the special famine years or harvest years, the price of rice in the early Northern Song Dynasty was about 300 Wen to 600 Wen per stone, in the middle period (Renzong years), it was between 600 Wen to 700 Wen, and in the early Southern Song Dynasty, it was about 2 Guan. So it is reasonable to calculate about one Guan per stone ring the Huizong period in the late Northern Song Dynasty. If the current price of rice is 2.5 yuan per kilogram, 59.2 kg of Yishi rice in Song Dynasty is 148 yuan, that is to say, one Guan copper coin is 148 yuan
so far, we have three prices: 465 yuan for gold, 70 yuan for silver and 148 yuan for grain. Since China is not a major procer of silver, and the cost of extracting silver has been greatly reced after instrialization, the value of ancient silver must be significantly higher than the present value. Obviously, it is unreasonable to use today's silver price as a reference. This can be seen from today's silver price of $6 and gold price of $400 an ounce. Today's one or two gold can be exchanged for 66 taels of silver, while the exchange rate of gold and silver in ancient China is assumed to be 1:10. The output of gold is stable, and it is still regarded as an important hard currency reserve by countries all over the world. So it's reasonable to use gold as a benchmark
in addition, with the rapid development of modern technology, the hybrid rice of Mr. Yuan Longping has greatly improved the grain yield, but today the population consuming grain has also increased greatly. According to the geographical records of the Song Dynasty, the population of the Northern Song Dynasty was less than 50 million, while today China has a population of 1.3 billion. Food is the first priority of the people, and the price of grain should still be an important benchmark
therefore, the owner of Wuzhai took an average value of 306.5 yuan of 465 yuan of gold price benchmark and 148 yuan of rice price benchmark, and adjusted it to 300 yuan of copper. Therefore, we have the following basic conversion:
1 Liang Jin = 3000 yuan
1 liang yin = 1 Guan Tong Qian = 300 yuan
1 Wen Tong Qian = 0.3 yuan
3. 1 liang silver = 350 RMB = 1000 RMB
[convert to RMB] 1 RMB = 0.35 RMB
[convert to RMB] 1 RMB = 0.35 RMB
4.
In the Ming Dynasty, one or two silver was equivalent to 660.8 yuan. In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, one or two silver coins could buy two stones of rice of general quality. If one stone was about 94.4 kg at that time, one or two silver coins could buy 188.8 kg of rice, which was 377.6 kg; At present, the rice eaten by ordinary families in China ranges from 1.5 yuan to 2 yuan per catty, which can be calculated at the middle price of 1.75 yuan
Another example is that in the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, a bucket of rice was only sold for 5 Wen. Usually one or two silver was converted into 1000 Wen copper coins (also known as Guanyi). You can buy 200 Dou of rice. Ten Dou is a stone, that is, 20 stones. In the Tang Dynasty, a stone was about 59 kg. Based on today's average rice price of 1.75 yuan per Jin, one or two silver is equivalent to the purchasing power of 4130 yuan 
extended data:
ring the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the price of rice rose to 10 Wen / Dou, which was also one or two silver equivalent to 2065 yuan; According to the records of "before Xifeng, rice and stone were no more than six or seven hundred" in the history of the Song Dynasty and "thirty yuan for each bucket of rice" in the history of the Song Dynasty, the price of rice in the Taiping period was 600-300 yuan based on 2000 copper coins
1 liang silver can basically buy 4-8 stone rice, which is equivalent to nearly 924-1848 yuan in 66kg of Songshi
to sum up, on the issue of "how much RMB is one or two silver worth", we can basically draw the conclusion that one or two silver is worth about 150-220 yuan in the middle and late Qing Dynasty; In the middle of Ming Dynasty, it was worth 600-800 yuan; In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, it was worth 600-1300 yuan (or 1000-1800 yuan); In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it was worth 2000-4000 yuan
5. Before Ming Dynasty, because China was not rich in silver, the output of silver was very small, which could not meet the demand of circulation. By the Ming Dynasty, with the expansion of the scale of commodity transactions, the original copper money was inconvenient to transport and could not adapt to the large-scale circulation, so a more valuable metal currency was needed to supplement and replace it. At that time, because China had been in a huge trade surplus with the West for many years, the West used silver as the currency to pay, which greatly increased China's silver reserves, and eventually made silver become a universal currency< br />2
6. To put it simply:
1. In the early Tang Dynasty, the reform of the currency system, Tang Gaozu ordered "Abolishing the five baht money, opening the yuan and opening the treasure". The newly cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" became the currency of the Tang Dynasty, and later had a large circulation. It was the paradigm of money in the later dynasties. It is the earliest bank prototype in China, which is 600 or 700 years earlier than the European Mediterranean financial institutions< At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the main currency was paper money, and the subsidiary currency was copper money, so it was forbidden to trade gold and silver among the people. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, silver became the main currency in general circulation.
1. In the early Tang Dynasty, the reform of the currency system, Tang Gaozu ordered "Abolishing the five baht money, opening the yuan and opening the treasure". The newly cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" became the currency of the Tang Dynasty, and later had a large circulation. It was the paradigm of money in the later dynasties. It is the earliest bank prototype in China, which is 600 or 700 years earlier than the European Mediterranean financial institutions< At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the main currency was paper money, and the subsidiary currency was copper money, so it was forbidden to trade gold and silver among the people. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, silver became the main currency in general circulation.
7. It was different in different periods. Sometimes silver was more valuable than others. In the 300 years of Ming Dynasty, the purchasing power of silver has been fluctuating
if it is not so accurate, the purchasing power of one or two silver can be calculated at 700-1000 RMB.
if it is not so accurate, the purchasing power of one or two silver can be calculated at 700-1000 RMB.
8. How much is the ancient silver equivalent to the present RMB
the purchasing power of ancient currencies such as gold, silver and copper has always been an interesting topic. This gossip water margin also transforms the currency of the Song Dynasty into today's RMB in line with the modern context. Master Wuzhai is not an expert in the study of currency in Song Dynasty. It is impossible to make a complete and accurate conversion. Only a rough estimate can be given here, so that readers can have a basic concept
generally speaking, gold, silver and copper coins (in fact, copper based alloys) were the main currencies in ancient China. The silver standard system in Song Dynasty is different from that in Ming and Qing Dynasty. It is copper standard system. Copper money is the main currency, and gold and silver are not used as currency. The basic unit of copper coin is "Wen" and "Guan" (Luo), which is consistent with 1000 Wen. In Song Dynasty, there were 800 Wen and 850 Wen when finance was tight. In addition, there are also discount two money, when three money, when ten money and other disguised inflation. For example, in the day when Yang Zhi killed Niu Er, Niu Er used to make Yang Zhi test his sword with three coins. As the name suggests, one coin is regarded as three coins. When Cai Jing was Prime Minister, he even offered ten coins. In order to simplify our calculation method, the owner of Wuzhai ignores these factors
when discussing ancient coins, we usually use the following assumption: 1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan copper coins = 10000 Wen copper coins
although the exchange rate of gold, silver and copper has been floating, this assumption is basically reasonable. Wang Zengyu, a contemporary expert of Song Dynasty history, once mentioned in the chapter 7 "overcoming Xianghan" in his new biography of Yuefei that the imperial court wrote to Yuefei: "fourth, pay 60000 stone meters and 400000 Guan for military supplies. At that time, gold and silver had not yet been used as independent currency. ". Thus, it can be seen that 400000 Guan copper coins in the early Southern Song Dynasty are equivalent to 100000 taels of silver and 5000 taels of gold, which basically conforms to the above hypothesis in the order of magnitude
in order to discuss the purchasing power of money, we must first mention two famous methods. In his great history of China, Mr. Huang Renyu used the price of gold as the benchmark to calculate the value of copper coin today based on the assumption that 1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan.. In his book "hidden rules", Mr. Wang uses both rice price and silver price as the benchmark and gives two figures. And I don't know. Mr. Wang focuses on the data converted from the rice price
then, according to the two gentlemen's method, let's see how much yuan the Song Dynasty's consistent income is today
1) the benchmark international price of gold, which basically fluctuates around us $400 an ounce. We'll take $400 an ounce. An ounce is 28.3 grams. In the Song Dynasty, one kilogram was 640 grams (the jiadiao bronze unearthed in Xiangtan, Hunan Province in 1975, weighing 100 kilograms and 64 kilograms). One kilogram has 16 Liang, so in Song Dynasty, one liang is 40 grams today. In this way, gold in Song Dynasty is equivalent to 565 US dollars, and in today's US dollar to RMB 8.23, it is equivalent to 4650 yuan. According to the assumption that 1 liang of gold is 10 liang of silver, that is, 10 Guan coins, the copper coins in Song Dynasty are equivalent to 465 yuan
2) the benchmark international price of silver, which basically fluctuates around us $6 an ounce. Similar to the conversion of gold price, one or two silver, that is, copper coin, is equivalent to 70 yuan
3) the benchmark price of rice in Song Dynasty is 640g / kg. In the Song Dynasty, 1 stone is equal to 92.5 Jin. Therefore, a stone of rice has 59200 grams, or 59.2 kilograms. If we do not consider the special famine years or harvest years, the price of rice in the early Northern Song Dynasty was about 300 Wen to 600 Wen per stone, in the middle period (Renzong years), it was between 600 Wen to 700 Wen, and in the early Southern Song Dynasty, it was about 2 Guan. So it is reasonable to calculate about one Guan per stone ring the Huizong period in the late Northern Song Dynasty. If the current price of rice is 2.5 yuan per kilogram, 59.2 kg of Yishi rice in Song Dynasty is 148 yuan, that is to say, one Guan copper coin is 148 yuan
so far, we have three prices: 465 yuan for gold, 70 yuan for silver and 148 yuan for grain. Since China is not a major procer of silver, and the cost of extracting silver has been greatly reced after instrialization, the value of ancient silver must be significantly higher than the present value. Obviously, it is unreasonable to use today's silver price as a reference. It can be seen from today's silver price of $6 and gold price of $400 an ounce that one or two gold today can be exchanged for 66 taels of silver, while the exchange rate of gold and silver in ancient times is assumed to be 1:10. The output of gold is stable, and it is still regarded as an important hard currency reserve by all countries in the world today. So it's reasonable to use gold as a benchmark
in addition, although the rapid development of modern technology and the hybrid rice of Mr. Yuan Longping have greatly improved the grain yield, the number of people who consume grain has also increased. According to the geographical records of the Song Dynasty, the population of the Northern Song Dynasty was less than 50 million, while today China has a population of 1.3 billion. Food is the first priority of the people, and the price of grain should still be an important benchmark
therefore, the owner of Wuzhai took an average value of 306.5 yuan of 465 yuan of gold price benchmark and 148 yuan of rice price benchmark, and adjusted it to 300 yuan of copper. So we have the following basic conversion:
1 Liang Jin = 3000 yuan
1 liang yin = 1 Guan Tong Qian = 300 yuan
1 Wen Tong Qian = 0.3 yuan
take this exchange rate to see the salary of officials in Song Dynasty. According to the official records of the Song Dynasty, the salary of a prime minister in the Song Dynasty was 300 yuan per month, that is, 90000 yuan per month, with an annual salary of 1.08 million yuan. An ordinary county magistrate with eight grades earns 15 yuan a month, which is 4500 yuan, and an annual salary of 54000 yuan. Considering that a county magistrate in Song Dynasty only managed thousands of families, it's not bad. In Song Dynasty, besides salary, there were also salary, salary and salary,? Take a sip, There are various kinds of subsidies, such as kitchen materials, firewood and charcoal, additional payments, public money, coupons, and farmland. No wonder the Song Dynasty is said to be unparalleled for its officials. No wonder Song Jiang sharpened his head to recruit an official
from the specific cases of Water Margin, this exchange rate is also reasonable. When Wu Yong persuades San Ruan to join the gang and rob shengshengshenggang, Wu Yong asks Ruan Xiaoqi to buy a jar of wine, 20 jin of raw and cooked beef and a pair of big chickens for one or two silver. It's about 300 yuan for one or two silver. In addition, on the tenth visit to the fengxueshan temple in Linchong, Lu Qian took out a silver or two and ordered three or four bottles of good wine and dishes at Li Xiaoer's shop. Similarly, the 44th time when Dai Zong Yang Lin invited Shi Xiu to dinner, Yang Lin also threw a silver or two for the restaurant to serve food and wine. Generally speaking, an ordinary small restaurant, 300 yuan for three people, is really free to order
let's look at other examples of water margin. When Yang Zhi was selling knives in Tokyo, Niu Er once said, "what kind of bird knives? They cost a lot of money! I buy one for 30 Wen, and I can cut meat and tofu. 30 Wen a kitchen knife, that is 9 yuan, very reasonable. When Lu Zhishen was making trouble in Wutai Mountain, he used five taels of silver to customize a 62 Jin heavy water grinding Zen stick and a sword. He used very good iron. Considering that it was a top-grade weapon and specially made, 1500 yuan was not too much. But when he was born with a life plan, the white house sold to Yang Zhi's family wine had 5 yuan, and 1500 yuan was a bit too black. Maybe it was because the Baijiu liquor was a scarce commodity, and Baisheng was in a monopoly position. At the same time, Chao Jia group was competing to raise the price, so that the wine could be fry at a high price.
the purchasing power of ancient currencies such as gold, silver and copper has always been an interesting topic. This gossip water margin also transforms the currency of the Song Dynasty into today's RMB in line with the modern context. Master Wuzhai is not an expert in the study of currency in Song Dynasty. It is impossible to make a complete and accurate conversion. Only a rough estimate can be given here, so that readers can have a basic concept
generally speaking, gold, silver and copper coins (in fact, copper based alloys) were the main currencies in ancient China. The silver standard system in Song Dynasty is different from that in Ming and Qing Dynasty. It is copper standard system. Copper money is the main currency, and gold and silver are not used as currency. The basic unit of copper coin is "Wen" and "Guan" (Luo), which is consistent with 1000 Wen. In Song Dynasty, there were 800 Wen and 850 Wen when finance was tight. In addition, there are also discount two money, when three money, when ten money and other disguised inflation. For example, in the day when Yang Zhi killed Niu Er, Niu Er used to make Yang Zhi test his sword with three coins. As the name suggests, one coin is regarded as three coins. When Cai Jing was Prime Minister, he even offered ten coins. In order to simplify our calculation method, the owner of Wuzhai ignores these factors
when discussing ancient coins, we usually use the following assumption: 1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan copper coins = 10000 Wen copper coins
although the exchange rate of gold, silver and copper has been floating, this assumption is basically reasonable. Wang Zengyu, a contemporary expert of Song Dynasty history, once mentioned in the chapter 7 "overcoming Xianghan" in his new biography of Yuefei that the imperial court wrote to Yuefei: "fourth, pay 60000 stone meters and 400000 Guan for military supplies. At that time, gold and silver had not yet been used as independent currency. ". Thus, it can be seen that 400000 Guan copper coins in the early Southern Song Dynasty are equivalent to 100000 taels of silver and 5000 taels of gold, which basically conforms to the above hypothesis in the order of magnitude
in order to discuss the purchasing power of money, we must first mention two famous methods. In his great history of China, Mr. Huang Renyu used the price of gold as the benchmark to calculate the value of copper coin today based on the assumption that 1 liang gold = 10 Liang silver = 10 Guan.. In his book "hidden rules", Mr. Wang uses both rice price and silver price as the benchmark and gives two figures. And I don't know. Mr. Wang focuses on the data converted from the rice price
then, according to the two gentlemen's method, let's see how much yuan the Song Dynasty's consistent income is today
1) the benchmark international price of gold, which basically fluctuates around us $400 an ounce. We'll take $400 an ounce. An ounce is 28.3 grams. In the Song Dynasty, one kilogram was 640 grams (the jiadiao bronze unearthed in Xiangtan, Hunan Province in 1975, weighing 100 kilograms and 64 kilograms). One kilogram has 16 Liang, so in Song Dynasty, one liang is 40 grams today. In this way, gold in Song Dynasty is equivalent to 565 US dollars, and in today's US dollar to RMB 8.23, it is equivalent to 4650 yuan. According to the assumption that 1 liang of gold is 10 liang of silver, that is, 10 Guan coins, the copper coins in Song Dynasty are equivalent to 465 yuan
2) the benchmark international price of silver, which basically fluctuates around us $6 an ounce. Similar to the conversion of gold price, one or two silver, that is, copper coin, is equivalent to 70 yuan
3) the benchmark price of rice in Song Dynasty is 640g / kg. In the Song Dynasty, 1 stone is equal to 92.5 Jin. Therefore, a stone of rice has 59200 grams, or 59.2 kilograms. If we do not consider the special famine years or harvest years, the price of rice in the early Northern Song Dynasty was about 300 Wen to 600 Wen per stone, in the middle period (Renzong years), it was between 600 Wen to 700 Wen, and in the early Southern Song Dynasty, it was about 2 Guan. So it is reasonable to calculate about one Guan per stone ring the Huizong period in the late Northern Song Dynasty. If the current price of rice is 2.5 yuan per kilogram, 59.2 kg of Yishi rice in Song Dynasty is 148 yuan, that is to say, one Guan copper coin is 148 yuan
so far, we have three prices: 465 yuan for gold, 70 yuan for silver and 148 yuan for grain. Since China is not a major procer of silver, and the cost of extracting silver has been greatly reced after instrialization, the value of ancient silver must be significantly higher than the present value. Obviously, it is unreasonable to use today's silver price as a reference. It can be seen from today's silver price of $6 and gold price of $400 an ounce that one or two gold today can be exchanged for 66 taels of silver, while the exchange rate of gold and silver in ancient times is assumed to be 1:10. The output of gold is stable, and it is still regarded as an important hard currency reserve by all countries in the world today. So it's reasonable to use gold as a benchmark
in addition, although the rapid development of modern technology and the hybrid rice of Mr. Yuan Longping have greatly improved the grain yield, the number of people who consume grain has also increased. According to the geographical records of the Song Dynasty, the population of the Northern Song Dynasty was less than 50 million, while today China has a population of 1.3 billion. Food is the first priority of the people, and the price of grain should still be an important benchmark
therefore, the owner of Wuzhai took an average value of 306.5 yuan of 465 yuan of gold price benchmark and 148 yuan of rice price benchmark, and adjusted it to 300 yuan of copper. So we have the following basic conversion:
1 Liang Jin = 3000 yuan
1 liang yin = 1 Guan Tong Qian = 300 yuan
1 Wen Tong Qian = 0.3 yuan
take this exchange rate to see the salary of officials in Song Dynasty. According to the official records of the Song Dynasty, the salary of a prime minister in the Song Dynasty was 300 yuan per month, that is, 90000 yuan per month, with an annual salary of 1.08 million yuan. An ordinary county magistrate with eight grades earns 15 yuan a month, which is 4500 yuan, and an annual salary of 54000 yuan. Considering that a county magistrate in Song Dynasty only managed thousands of families, it's not bad. In Song Dynasty, besides salary, there were also salary, salary and salary,? Take a sip, There are various kinds of subsidies, such as kitchen materials, firewood and charcoal, additional payments, public money, coupons, and farmland. No wonder the Song Dynasty is said to be unparalleled for its officials. No wonder Song Jiang sharpened his head to recruit an official
from the specific cases of Water Margin, this exchange rate is also reasonable. When Wu Yong persuades San Ruan to join the gang and rob shengshengshenggang, Wu Yong asks Ruan Xiaoqi to buy a jar of wine, 20 jin of raw and cooked beef and a pair of big chickens for one or two silver. It's about 300 yuan for one or two silver. In addition, on the tenth visit to the fengxueshan temple in Linchong, Lu Qian took out a silver or two and ordered three or four bottles of good wine and dishes at Li Xiaoer's shop. Similarly, the 44th time when Dai Zong Yang Lin invited Shi Xiu to dinner, Yang Lin also threw a silver or two for the restaurant to serve food and wine. Generally speaking, an ordinary small restaurant, 300 yuan for three people, is really free to order
let's look at other examples of water margin. When Yang Zhi was selling knives in Tokyo, Niu Er once said, "what kind of bird knives? They cost a lot of money! I buy one for 30 Wen, and I can cut meat and tofu. 30 Wen a kitchen knife, that is 9 yuan, very reasonable. When Lu Zhishen was making trouble in Wutai Mountain, he used five taels of silver to customize a 62 Jin heavy water grinding Zen stick and a sword. He used very good iron. Considering that it was a top-grade weapon and specially made, 1500 yuan was not too much. But when he was born with a life plan, the white house sold to Yang Zhi's family wine had 5 yuan, and 1500 yuan was a bit too black. Maybe it was because the Baijiu liquor was a scarce commodity, and Baisheng was in a monopoly position. At the same time, Chao Jia group was competing to raise the price, so that the wine could be fry at a high price.
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