Yellow book of digital currency

1. Ethereum is a blockchain. Compared with bitcoin, it can increase smart contracts, complete Turing and faster network speed. Etherem has a lot of block chain procts with regional centralization, such as digix, gold Internet of things and so on.

2. [interpretation of new technology of auto home]? What is the most important component of the automatic driving system? Is it a sensor? Is it control software? Or processing chip? Personally, I think at the present stage, the processing chip is the most critical component, and its performance directly affects the quality of the automatic driving system. In the past, the top chip technology has been monopolized by foreign enterprises, but with the rapid catch-up of Chinese chip enterprises in recent years, the situation has changed. Today, let's talk about the level of China's automatic driving chip
● what is the autopilot chip for
although L3 level conditional autonomous vehicles have not yet landed in China, from some vehicles with high-level L2 driving assistance system, we can find that these vehicles are equipped with a large number of sensors to detect obstacles around the vehicle, so as to provide data support for control system decision-making. These sensors include millimeter wave radar, ultrasonic radar, camera and so on. These sensors will generate several GB (1GB = 1024MB = 10242kb) of data per second. The autopilot chip needs to process these data smoothly to ensure that the system can make correct decisions in time, so as to ensure the driving safety of the vehicle
maybe you don't have the concept of gigabytes per second. Here's an example from life. The peak reading speed of a common USB 3.0 interface U disk is close to 200MB / s. It takes about 5 seconds to read 1GB files from this U disk, which shows that the amount of data in GB / S is quite large
automatic driving system needs not only to solve the problem of large flow data transmission, but also to solve the problem of how to deal with these huge amounts of data quickly, and the powerful automatic driving chip is the right key.
● what is the level of foreign autopilot chips
although this article mainly talks about the development of China's autopilot chip, we should know ourselves well and win every battle. Before we examine the local situation, we should first understand the situation abroad. There are only three foreign autopilot chips that can really enter the mass proction car market on a large scale: NVIDIA, Mobileye (now acquired by Intel) and Tesla
among them, Mobileye, which takes a practical route, currently has a market share of more than 70%. The procts on the market are mainly eyeq3 chips (0.256tops, "tops" means trillions of operations per second), which are used in L2 driving assistance system, Unless otherwise specified, the computing power indicated in this paper refers to 8-bit integer computing power) and eyeq4 chip (computing power 2.5tops) with L3 level automatic driving ability. For example, Xiaopeng G3, Weilai ES6 / es8 and GAC new energy aion LX adopt eyeq4 chip as the core of their driving assistance system
compared with the computing power of drive PX Pegasus 320tops, the flagship of NVIDIA's previous generation automatic driving platform, the flagship configuration of the new drive AgX Orin platform has achieved multiple performance growth. In addition, the degree of flexibility of the drive AgX Orin platform is further improved compared with the previous platform, which can meet the requirements of different levels of vehicles from general driving assistance to L5 level fully automatic driving through the increase or decrease of hardware configuration
Tesla autopilot 1.0 system uses one NVIDIA tegra3 chip and one Mobileye eyeq3 chip; Autopilot 2.0 system uses one NVIDIA Tegra Parker chip and one Pascal architecture GPU chip; Autopilot 2.5 system uses two NVIDIA Tegra Parker chips and one Pascal architecture GPU chip
the self-developed FSD chip has been carried on the latest off-line Tesla models. The computing power of a single chip is 72tops. The full self driving computer integrates two FSD chips that work independently. One "hangs" and the other "goes up" immediately, which improves the security and stability of the whole system
of course, in addition to the above three enterprises, there are also many enterprises coveting the cake of autonomous driving chips, including Qualcomm, Xilinx, NXP, etc., but the autonomous driving chips that these enterprises are really going to mass proce cars are not large-scale. Limited to space, I will not introce them here
● the rapid rise of China's automatic driving chip Enterprises. Auto driving chip market is booming, and foreign technology giants rush to land. How about the strength of Chinese enterprises? Now let's take a look< The Cambrian China Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Cambrian") is a research group led by Chen Yunji and Chen Tianshi under the Institute of computing technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research group began to study neural network algorithm and chip in 2008, and began to publish research results in 2012
in 2016, diannaoyu, the instruction set of deep learning processor proposed by the above research group, was accepted by isca2016. Experiments show that the chip with this instruction set has two orders of magnitude performance advantages in neural network computing compared with the chip with traditional x86 instruction set. As the research results of the research group tend to mature, China Science and technology Cambrian science and Technology Co., Ltd. was officially established, and began to transform its chip and instruction set to the commercial field. Also in 2016, Cambrian released its first commercial deep learning processor, Cambrian 1a
after talking about the company's life experience, let's take a look at its procts. At present, there are two latest AI chip IP licenses in Cambrian, namely cambrian-1m and cambrian-1h. Cambricon-1m-4k, with the strongest performance index, has 8tops computing power at 1GHz clock frequency; Cambricon-1h8mini, with the weakest performance index, has 0.5tops computing power at 1GHz clock frequency. The detailed force calculation parameters of all models can be seen in the table below
cambricon-1m and cambricon-1h are defined as terminal intelligent processor IP. The applications such as face recognition, fingerprint recognition, obstacle recognition, road sign recognition and so on, which appear on mobile phones or cars, can be accelerated by integrating the above processor IP in the chip
the word "edge" mentioned above comes from "edge computing". Edge computing refers to providing network, storage, computing, application and other capabilities at the end close to intelligent devices (terminals) or data sources (cloud), so as to achieve faster network service response and more secure local data transmission. Edge computing can meet the requirements of real-time business, intelligent applications, security and privacy protection, and provide local intelligent services for users. Siyuan 220 plays the role of improving data security, recing processing delay and optimizing bandwidth utilization in edge computing
at present, Cambrian high computing power chip procts are defined as smart accelerators, which can be used to accelerate AI operations in servers. I believe you've heard that Google's alphago AI robot beat South Korea's world go champion Li Shishi. Behind the alphago AI robot is Google's self-developed TPU chip. The features and applications of Cambrian high computing power chip procts are similar to Google TPU. Of course, they can also be regarded as competitors
the difference is that Siyuan 270-s4 adopts a passive cooling design, with a maximum thermal design power consumption of 70W, and is positioned as a data center accelerator card with higher energy efficiency than that designed by artificial intelligence reasoning. This also means that the card will have a "power wall" setting, that is, when the power consumption of the accelerator card reaches the upper limit of the threshold, the computing power will be reced to ensure lower power consumption and heating
Siyuan 270-f4 is equivalent to "full blood version" Siyuan 270-s4, with a maximum thermal design power consumption of 150W and active cooling by turbofan. Good heat dissipation and sufficient power supply enable Siyuan 270-f4 to give full play to the full performance of Siyuan 270 chip. The positioning of the card is to provide data center level AI computing power for desktop environment. In short, it is a high-performance AI accelerator card for desktop
although Siyuan 270 only uses TSMC's 16nm process, the overall energy consumption ratio is quite good. Although the computing power of a single card is less than that of the latest NVIDIA flagship computing card, the peak computing power of five Siyuan 270-s4 / Siyuan 270-f4 parallel cards can also reach the level of NVIDIA A100. However, the more advanced process of NVIDIA A100 should have certain advantages in energy consumption
among them, Siyuan 100-c is equipped with video and image decoding units and adopts passive cooling mode, with the maximum thermal design power consumption of 110W; Siyuan 100-d is not equipped with video and image decoding unit, and adopts passive cooling mode, with the maximum thermal design power consumption of 75W. At present, Siyuan 100 series procts have been applied in didi cloud and Jinshan cloud in 2019. Didi cloud uses Siyuan 100 card to accelerate the elastic reasoning service, which is used for deep learning reasoning task; Jinshanyun uses Siyuan 100 card to accelerate the application of artificial intelligence such as voice, image and video
what I mentioned above is all about server level computing cards. Does this deviate from the topic of autopilot chip that we should talk about? Not really. As mentioned earlier, Cambrian is currently an enterprise focusing on the development of artificial intelligence chips, and the field of automatic driving is not deeply involved, but there are still some achievements through the cooperation with other domestic partners< The br / > WiseADCU CN1 automatic driving domain controller provides the computing power and the number of sensor connections required for L3 or above level automatic driving system, and realizes the self control of seven key control points of simulation, model, system, architecture, encoding, acceleration, and algorithm.
in fact, e to the weak performance competitiveness of processor procts, Weisheng group has long withdrawn from the competition in the mainstream x86 processor market, leaving Intel and AMD competing in the market. Since the establishment of megacore, it has mastered Viagra's x86 technology, made comprehensive improvement and Optimization on the basis of the latest processor architecture of Viagra at that time, and successively launched zx-a, zx-c, zx-c + and other processor procts
on June 2, the municipal Party committee of science and Technology Innovation Board announced the results of the 33rd review meeting in 2020, and the listing of Cambrian was approved. From acceptance to approval, it took only 68 days for Cambrian to refresh the review speed of science and technology innovation board. Cambrian has become the only AI chip company in A-share market since its listing. The market space in this field is expected to exceed 50 billion US dollars in 2022, with huge development potential. Can Cambrian, which has opened up A-share financing channels, further develop and grow with its unique technical advantages? No one can say for sure, but it is certain that the successful listing of the Cambrian period has won the confidence and hope of many companies engaged in this field, which may usher in the era of Chinese artificial intelligence chips
> horizon robot
OK, after talking about the Cambrian, let's talk about another AI chip enterprise, horizon robot technology research and Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Horizon"). Horizon is a company founded in 2015 by Yu Kai, former executive vice president of the online Deep Learning Institute, focusing on automatic driving and artificial intelligence chips. Yu Kai is also the originator of Internet autopilot
the horizon established by Yu Kai has always adhered to the direction of combining software and hardware. He believes that algorithms, chips and cloud computing will constitute the three core fulcrums of automatic driving. Compared with the Cambrian period, which focused on building high-performance hardware chips, horizon's business model focused on "algorithm + chip"

3.

Dot is not a coin“ "Dot" means that the tire meets the safety standards specified by the U.S. Department of transportation (DOT)“ The 11 digits and letters immediately after "dot" indicate the identification number or serial number of the tire. Dot is divided into three levels: A, B and C, of which the C level is the lowest, only reaching the minimum performance conditions specified by the U.S. Department of transportation (DOT). The other two levels are higher than the standard required by dot

extended data:

the application research of dot mainly focuses on the following aspects:

1. Optical breast imaging technology early diagnosis of breast tumor

2. Observation of oxygen supply and blood oxygen dynamics ring neonatal brain development

Brain functional imaging

4

4.

Generally, the following proceres should be followed: 1) valid passport

(2) fill in and submit the visa application form. Visa is different, the form is also different, most of them need to be filled in in foreign language, at the same time provide their own photos

(3) all kinds of documents related to the application, such as the certificates of birth, marital status, ecational background, work experience, etc

(4) meet with the officials of the embassy or consulate in the country. Some countries stipulate that all immigration applicants must be interviewed before they can make a decision; Some countries also require that non immigrant visa applicants also have to be interviewed

(5) after going to the competent department of the country for necessary examination and approval, the embassy and consulate in the country will be informed of the examination and approval opinions. If agreed, a visa will be issued. If rejected, the applicant will also be informed

(6) the embassies or consulates shall submit the completed visa application forms and necessary supporting materials to the domestic competent departments for examination and approval. The embassies and consulates of a few countries have the right to issue visa directly, but they still have to report to the mainland for record

(7) pay visa fee

(1) the general standard specifications for visa in various countries are: white background, 3.5 × 4.5cm, that is, European visa photos, passport photos are usually available

extended information:

visa is a kind of license issued by a government agency in accordance with its own laws for foreigners who apply for entry or exit or pass through its own country

according to the principles of international law, any sovereign state has the right to decide whether to allow foreigners to enter or leave its own country, and has the right to issue or refuse to issue a visa according to its own laws, or to revoke a visa that has been issued

The visa is usually attached to the passport or other international travel documents held by the applicant. Under special circumstances, valid passport or other international travel documents can be put on another paper. With the progress of science and technology, some countries have begun to issue e-visa and biological visa, greatly enhancing the anti-counterfeiting function of visa

Visa plays an important role in checking and controlling entry-exit personnel, protecting homeland security, preventing illegal immigrants and criminals

passport is the holder's nationality and identity certificate, while visa is the permission certificate of a sovereign state to allow foreign or domestic citizens to enter or pass through the country

generally, the visa is signed on the passport, some are signed on other travel documents instead of the passport, and some are issued with another visa. For example, the immigration visa of the United States and Canada is a piece of A4 paper, and Singapore also issues a different kind of visa to foreigners. Generally speaking, the visa must be used together with the passport to be valid

5.

In theory, 53 visa can be pasted on a passport, but it does not mean that 53 visa can be applied for. Some countries have requirements on the number of blank visa pages on the passport to apply for a visa, and require at least how many blank visa pages must be on the passport to apply for a visa. So it's really hard to put 53 visa stickers on your passport

extended information:

the proceres for going abroad with passport are as follows

1. The applicant should take the resident identity card or household register to the exit and Entry Administration Office of the public security bureau to get the "approval form for Chinese citizens going abroad for private purposes" in plicate, fill in it truthfully, and issue opinions and affix official seal according to the requirements. The applicant shall submit the application to the exit Entry Administration Office of the Public Security Bureau in person

2. Submit two 2-inch recent straight edge full face bareheaded color half body ID photos (see the description of the photos for details), one of which is pasted in the photo column of the application form by myself, and one is handed over to the receptionist when submitting the application

3. Submit the of household register and ID card (check the original)

4. When an indivial travels abroad, he / she must submit the proof of the expenses required for his / her travel; If the deposit period of the deposit certificate is less than 3 months, the deposit certificate issued by the bank shall be submitted at the same time. The public security organ shall keep the ; The certificate of deposit and certificate of deposit must be issued by the five major banks in the city (Bank of China, China Construction Bank, instrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China and Bank of Communications)

5. All the copies of application materials submitted are B5

minor passport

children under 16 years old need the following supplies to apply for a passport:

1. Children are present

2. The original and of household register, and the with seal on the first page

3. Original and of parents' ID card

Basic requirements for applying for passport

When getting the passport, the operator and the holder should carefully check the name, gender, birthplace, etc. on the passport, and check whether the Chinese pinyin is correct, and whether the steel seal, the seal and signature of the licensing authority are complete. The holder shall sign in the signature column of the passport holder with a pen. If the name on the passport is wrong, do not sign for the time being and report to the licensing authority

The passport is an important identity document for people going abroad, so the holder should keep it properly, and all items on the passport should not be defaced or altered

It is necessary to prevent the loss and theft of passport. If a passport is lost or stolen abroad, the party concerned shall immediately report in writing to our embassies and consulates abroad; If the passport is lost or stolen in China, it shall be reported to the relevant applicant or public security organ immediately, and the declaration in the newspaper shall be invalid. If you need to reissue, you should still go through the normal passport proceres

therefore, if an ordinary passport is stolen abroad, if it is necessary to apply for a new one, the applicant should provide a written report on the theft of his passport and relevant documents sufficient to prove that he really has Chinese nationality

5. The passport of a person who holds a valid ordinary business passport will be invalid after he / she returns to China. After returning to China, holders of multiple valid passports shall return their passports to the original licensing authority for unified custody. Those who do not go abroad for some reason after receiving the license should also return their passport to the original licensing authority

6. To borrow the old passport, the personnel who go abroad again must present the approval of the mission, the approval of the personnel who go abroad and the letter of introction from the dispatching department

e-passport

the national public security organs issued a unified e-ordinary passport on May 15, 2012. The security performance of the e-passport that has been used has been fundamentally improved, and fingerprint collection and other contents have been added to the handling procere

characteristics

e-ordinary passport is a new type of certificate which embeds an electronic chip in the traditional ordinary passport and stores the basic personal data, face image, fingerprint and other biological characteristics of the holder in the chip. The issuance of electronic ordinary passport marks that the international travel documents of Chinese citizens have entered a new era of full digitalization

e-ordinary passport has two characteristics:

first, the ability of passport anti-counterfeiting is more powerful

a large number of new high-strength anti-counterfeiting technologies and materials are used in e-ordinary passport. Dozens of anti-counterfeiting technologies, such as irregular rainbow printing, multi-level colorless fluorescent printing, multi-color wiring gravure printing, brilliant ink, laser perforated marking, high-resolution holographic protective film, can effectively prevent the occurrence of forged and altered passport and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the holder

Secondly, the passport design is more beautiful

the theme of electronic ordinary passport design is "brilliant China". The theme elements of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as three representative elements of national image, such as "Tian'anmen", "Great Wall" and "Temple of heaven", are selected respectively. Taking regional distribution as the main line, the spiritual concept of ethnic integration and harmonious coexistence is highlighted, It outlines the magnificent and vast mountains and rivers of the motherland, the long history and culture, and shows the glorious image of China today

6. 1. Man Kun's principles of Economics Volume 1 and Volume 2, 88 yuan. Translation by Professor Liang Xiaomin. Mankiw is a gifted student at Harvard. He belongs to the neo classical Keynesian school, and his research focuses on macroeconomic analysis

this book is written for freshmen. Its main features are simple writing, simple reasoning and interesting language. The interface is quite friendly, citing a large number of cases and Newspaper Abstracts, which is very close to life, such as the economics behind the Federal Reserve's existence, how it operates, and how Greenspan cut interest rates to cope with the economic downturn. The book uses almost no mathematics, and sums up the "ten principles of economics" by itself, which is very convenient for beginners to read. Learn this book, you can understand the basic thinking of economics, common basic principles, used to look at the economic phenomenon in life. We can see that the function and interest of economics are far beyond the imagination. Recommended for beginners and preferred reading. At present, some domestic professors have compiled the textbook of western economics based on this book, and the word "ten principles of economics" appears in the book, which can be seen as plagiarism at a glance< 2. Samuelson's economics

Samuelson, the representative of neoclassical comprehensive school, became the first American to win the Nobel Prize in economics in 1970. The research scope covers economics, statistics and mathematics, and has unique views on political economics, departmental economics and technical economics. At present, the analytical framework and methods used in various textbooks of economics mostly adopt the theoretical framework of "neo classical comprehensive school", which is developed from his 1947 "microeconomic analysis" and combines Keynesian and traditional microeconomics. He has been keen to apply mathematical tools to the analysis of static equilibrium and dynamic process, and to study economy in the way of physics and mathematical reasoning. At present, the Mathematicalization of economic theory is popular, which is the initiator of Weng Shi< Economics was first published in 1948 by McGraw hilltow company. Now the 16th edition has been published and is popular all over the world. It was translated by Professor Gao Hongye according to the 10th edition in 1950s and published by the commercial press in 1981. The 16th edition is co written with Nordhaus and translated by Professor Xiao Shen

the structure of the book is magnificent and the length is huge. It is broad and profound. Infiltrate Lao Sa's economic opinions for decades. Between the lines, a few words, each with deep meaning. Such words as "warm heart, cool head" and "relevance may not cause and effect" can be described as "Lao Tzu" of economics. After reading this book, you can understand the position and analytical framework of the issues discussed in economics, and have a complete understanding framework of economics. Knowledge is complex and has a systematic framework, which is suitable for further study in the future. The deeper we learn, the more we know the importance of this framework. Although the framework still has some faults in the micro basis of macroeconomics, it is a good framework. The English version of this book is available in China. It is recommended to read the English version directly< 3. Stiglitz's economics and a series of supplementary textbooks. Stiglitz has made great achievements in information economics. This book can be used as a supplement to the former two. The contents of the former two are mainly based on price theory and marginal analysis, excluding asymmetric information economics and uncertainty analysis. Stiglitz's economics can fill the gap between the former two

although the three authors have different policy orientations, the textbook reflects Keynesian characteristics a little more. Generally speaking, the textbook is quite objective and fair. It's very suitable to be an introctory textbook

4. Economics, principles, problems and policies, principles and problems of economics, economic cases, economic sketches, economic paradox, economics of social problems, etc. This kind of book is characterized by asking questions first and then discussing principles, mainly aiming at social common problems and graally explaining principles. Its level and content are mostly good, but lack of system and framework, which is suitable for supplementary study of scholars who have a little understanding of economics

5. The textbook of western economics compiled by domestic teachers: at present, the textbooks directly titled "western economics" or "principles of economics" compiled by domestic universities are all introctory textbooks. Such as Gao Hongye, Li Yining, song Chengxian, Liang Xiaomin, Zhu Xiqing, Yin Bocheng, Si Chunlin and so on. However, they are far inferior to foreign textbooks. Among them, the textbook of western economics written by song Chengxian uses a paragraph of Marx's theory of land rent in bold type to explain the mistakes of the knowledge he taught

notes:

1. The more basic a textbook is, the more profound it needs to be. Only by connecting complex and abstract principles with the reality of life, can it speak thoroughly and arouse the interest of beginners. For example, Mankiw's textbook is famous for its complete lack of mathematical formula, or it can be updated very quickly and absorb new knowledge in time, such as the addition of asymmetric information in Stiglitz's economics. Teaching materials written in a low hand are naturally eliminated by the market. Therefore, the basic teaching materials on the market are mostly written by great masters< 2. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the achievements of foreign economics research in the past 50 years before the 1980s have not been seen in China, except for the classical school part of the business series 100 years ago, which was approved by the government to be translated as a negative textbook of Marx's criticism. In the late 1980s, Mr. Zou Zhizhuang strongly advocated western economics. After Mr. Deng's approval, textbooks such as western economics graally appeared in China. Most of these textbooks are compiled from western works for the sake of advancement and promotion by new teachers. Due to the limited mechanism, they dare not add "reactionary" knowledge, and there is no competition mechanism. Most of the purchasers are their students. So the quality is very poor, if not for special purposes, such as postgraate entrance examination designated, careful not to buy< According to economics, it can be divided into low level, middle level and high level. Advanced refers to the use of mathematical tools and the argument of expounding views. More importantly, it is not superior to this knowledge. Just as higher mathematics is not necessarily higher than elementary mathematics. The more advanced it is, the more divergent it is. The more rigorous it is, the less practical it is. Elementary introctory textbooks are generally aimed at beginners, so most of them cite cases and phenomena to explain with words, and occasionally insert two-dimensional patterns. Advanced textbooks pay attention to mathematical logic, while two-dimensional patterns and words are difficult to express and solve the problems explained, so they often use mathematical proofs or algebraic equations, mixed with modern mathematical tools. The definition of intermediate textbooks is very vague. The difficulty and span of teaching materials vary greatly<

Second, intermediate micro teaching materials

intermediate teaching materials generally focus on micro and macro subjects, and also take other applied subjects. There is no distinction between macro economics and micro economics in traditional economics. Since Keynes' macro-economic analysis of nominal variables, there has been a branch of macro economics. Therefore, it has always been in the order of micro, macro and others

microeconomics is the foundation of all subjects. The analysis is based on Marshall's general equilibrium analysis and marginal analysis of marginal utility school, and then developed by Samuelson's mathematical method and framework. It covers a wide range of areas, including:

basic parts: traditional manufacturer theory (technology, profit, cost), traditional consumer theory (utility, preference, choice, demand) Partial equilibrium theory (stability of perfect competition market), general equilibrium theory (two theorems of welfare economics, exchange block diagram)

branches: oligarchic market theory (oligarchic, pricing, market segmentation), game theory (pure strategic equilibrium, mixed game, extensive structure, firm game, shaking hand), public goods theory (public goods Tax system design, voting, external effects), uncertainty economics (risk, gambling, insurance, investment), information economics (asymmetric information, adverse selection, signal), incentive theory (principal-agent theory, contract theory), law and Economics (institutional economics, enterprise nature analysis, law), auction theory (auction mechanism design), and so on Matching theory, etc

according to the above content, learners can compare it with the outline in the textbook, then they can know the focus of the textbook< There are several versions of management economics with different characteristics. Most of these textbooks are MBA Series. Compared with the intermediate micro textbook of economics, its purpose is to rece a small number of branches of the theory and increase the regression analysis and econometric statistics. At present, among the several versions, the translation of business administration classics published by the National People's Congress is the least difficult. Management Economics - strategy and decision, written by hayer of mechanical edition, is similar to the standard intermediate textbook in difficulty and content. Only the function expression has been used. Morris (English version and Chinese version, translated by Chen Zhangwu in Chinese) management economics is the most difficult one. Its emphasis content is quite different from that of intermediate textbook. In addition to regression analysis, which has used a lot of data and requires the establishment of models, the content is close to econometric prediction, the content involves al theory, diagrams of different substitution effects, and the appendix adopts differential method, which is more difficult. This kind of book focuses on the cross management of economics and management< [br / >
7. Pingdike's microeconomics, National People's Congress edition, is a standard intermediate microeconomics textbook. In the United States, many universities offer MBA programs. In China, the English version has Tsinghua version and the Chinese version has NPC version. The book is moderate in content and wide in theme. It is the main point of each part of the theory, not to mention other divergent contents. The pricing part is more detailed. Clear graphics and fluent language. The mathematical tools used are very shallow. There are functions, but not differentiation, only difference. The curve only uses standard strictly concave curve, which is inferior to quasi concave part and linear affine content, and the cost function is linear. It is suggested that this book should be read through and used as an advanced one<

8. The content, difficulty and price of Mansfield's Microeconomics are similar to pindick's, but the order of arrangement is different. The system is a little complicated, which is not as clear as Pingdike's, but also a popular teaching material abroad. If you are not sure about pingdik, you can refer to this textbook or other books published in China. For example, Zhou Huizhong's "microeconomics" of Peking University series textbooks, Zhu Shanli's "microeconomics" of Peking University Edition, etc. This book is not required

9. Applied microeconomics in the series of foreign economics textbook library, 32, Economic Science Press. There are a lot of cases and the application of microeconomic principles in this book, but very little mathematics is used. Reading this book can supplement the cases in Pingdike's textbook. Deepen the understanding of economics<

10 Microeconomics: a modern perspective, written by Varian, Hal R., translated by Fei Fangyu. According to the United States w.w. Norton books company 1990 edition translated, triple edition. This book is an intermediate micro textbook for economics majors. American MIT, Harvard, Berkeley economics undergraate designated textbook. 32, 800 pages. Easy to understand and deep

7. I don't know the so-called ~ ~

my prediction is as follows:

Politics: and crab

National Security: Security

Sports: 30 gold medals

situation: not very good ~ ~ ~ it's going to survive ~ ~ ~ it's going to survive, and then don't think about how to deal with Laozi ~ ~ ~

200 points is not much hope, but I got 2 points~~~