Total number of digital currencies available worldwide
There are only 21 million bitcoins
"graphics card mining" is a joke. In fact, it is running a specific algorithm to generate bitcoin through a large number of calculations
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extended materials:
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, the open source software was designed and released, and the P2P network on it was constructed. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
bitcoin can be cashed and converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
on February 26, 2014, Joe Manchin, a Democratic senator from West Virginia, issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the US federal government, hoping that the relevant authorities would pay attention to the status quo of bitcoin's encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency
from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major bitcoin platforms officially began to collect transaction fees
The total number of bitcoins is 21 million
in 2009, when bitcoin was born, block reward was 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the block reward will be halved to 25
when the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, i.e. 50% of 1050), the block reward will be further halved to 12.5. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to about 21 million
extended data
monetary characteristics
1. Decentralization: bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the whole network is composed of users without a central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of bitcoin's security and freedom
2. Global circulation: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin
3. Exclusive ownership: private key is needed to control bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself
4. Low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution
5, no hidden cost: as a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome limit of quota and proceres. If you know the other party's bitcoin address, you can pay
6. Cross platform Mining: users can explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms
according to incomplete statistics, more than 200 counterfeit coins have been proced since 2014, and more than 100 have survived. The life cycle of Shanzhai coin is generally about 2-3 months. Because the purpose of some Shanzhai coins is to earn money without any innovation. When the price is high enough, the makers will sell a lot to cash out. Without the support of the makers, this kind of counterfeit money will eventually die.
Let's start with a simple conclusion: a year ago, the data showed that there were about 500000 BTC
two American brothers, Cameron winkleworth and Taylor winkleworth, claiming that they owned 1% of bitcoin [1] 1% of the world's bitcoin? At present, the total amount of bitcoin in the world is about 12 million, that is to say, the two brothers hold about 120000 bitcoins< maybe you don't think it's worth much, but note that the starting price of bitcoin for these two people is less than $10 / bitcoin
Please note that entities are used instead of people. In the analysis method of this paper, bitcoin wallets that may belong to the same owner are divided into the same entity, which may be not only a person, but also a trading organization like Mt. GOx in addition, through the analysis of the most active entity table given in this paper, the income of the people with the most income (excluding expenses) is less than 700000 BTC. In other words, the person with the most bitcoin will hold no more than 700000 bitcoins. How many people in the world own bitcoins? The paper concludes that as of May 13, 2012, 1.85 million entities hold bitcoin. If we assume that bitcoin users have grown linearly since the advent of bitcoin (January 2009), the current number should be 2.5 million. Because the number of entities is counted on paper, the actual number of bitcoin holders should be a little less than this number, but not much smaller, because after all, there are not many large trading platforms
In addition to the above two problems, [3] also gives many interesting conclusions, such as: < UL >about 55% of bitcoin can be saved without money
in places like GOx mountain, almost all deals are small ones
before May 2012, almost all large single transactions (& gt; 50000 BTC) are subsequent transactions of 90000 BTC on November 8, 2011. There are very strange patterns in this long list of transactions. For example, an entity divides 90000 BTCs into different sizes, sends them back to itself three times, and then sells them on Mt. GOx. 90000 BTCs sold are sent back to the entity through 90 different bitcoin addresses, with 1000 bitcoins per address. These operations indicate that the entity appears to be trying to hide the relationship between these transactions
the development of this kind of digital currency depends on the quantity. There are more than 30 million digital currencies. Dogcoin is a typical example. Although dogcoin is the digital currency with the second largest number of users in the world after bitcoin, its recent development momentum is not optimistic. The total number of thousand gold cards is only 3 million, but the development momentum is good.
29 well-known companies in the world hold more than US $30 billion in digital assets
recently, a new trend has emerged, because many well-known companies have decided to use bitcoin (BTC) for reserves rather than traditional assets. After MicroStrategy bought $250 million worth of BTC, the trend became popular. Soon after, the company continued to buy more bitcoin. After several purchases, MicroStrategy has increased its holdings to 70470 BTC or. 336% of its supply. After the acquisition of MicroStrategy, square Inc. and other companies began to acquire. And ruffer investments joined the bitcoin buying trend
according to bitpointstudies.org, a portal, many companies hold more than 1.1 million bitcoins or more than $30 billion worth of encryption assets. After MicroStrategy, a billion dollar company, bought $250 million worth of bitcoin in August, the large amount of bitcoin reserves held by well-known companies began to expand. Now 29 companies hold cryptocurrency instead of traditional reserves such as stocks and cash
so far, a total of 29 companies have been listed on bitpointresearches.org, which divides all companies into three different parts. Publicly traded, private and ETF like holders
blockchain, Inc., bit digital, Inc., coin citadel Inc., advanced bitcoin Technologies AG, digitalx, hive blockchain, cypherpunk Holdings Inc., big digital assets Inc, The 15 publicly traded companies, Argo blockchain and frmo Corp., have a total market value of about 100003 and 160; BTC, the private company holding bitcoin funds, includes four private companies, including mtgox KK, block.one, tezos foundation and stone ridge holdings group. Among the reserves of all four companies, the total market value of private companies is 317383-160 more than that of listed companies; BTC
at the bottom of bitpointstudies.org, there are nine ETF like holders, including grayscale bitcoin trust, coinshares, ruffer investment, 3iq the bitcoin fund, grayscale digital large cap, bitwise 10 crypto index fund, WisdomTree bitcoin, 21shares AG, etc & 160; Group's bitcoin ETP
including tahini & x27, a Canadian restaurant chain; S and snappa, a Canadian graphics software company. Tahini's restaurant chain revealed that it converted all of its cash reserves into BTC, while snappa said it spent 40% of its cash reserves on bitcoin transactions. Mogo, a Canadian listed company, has just announced that it will invest 1.5% of its reserves in bitcoin and plans to buy more next year. When tahini decided to tell his financial adviser that he would buy bitcoin immediately, he suggested using gold. The owner of the restaurant said the precious metal gold has become a reliable haven
the company tweeted: &“ We looked at our financial adviser and told him that because of bitcoin, gold would become a scam. " Tashini added: "he laughed and condescended back to the 6000 year argument."
China: actively and steadily promote the implementation of the research on the central bank's digital currency
as early as 2014, the central bank set up a special research group on the issue of legal digital currency to demonstrate the feasibility of the central bank's issue of legal digital currency< On October 28, 2019, Huang Qifan, vice president of China Center for international economic exchange, said: "the people's Bank of China has studied DC / EP for five or six years, and I think it has become mature. The people's Bank of China is likely to be the first central bank in the world to launch a digital currency. "
on November 28, fan Yifei, vice governor of the people's Bank of China, said at the forum that at present, the central bank's legal digital currency DC / EP has basically completed the top-level design, standard formulation, function research and development, joint debugging and testing under the premise of adhering to double-layer delivery, M0 substitution and controllable anonymity. In the next step, we will follow the principle of steady, safe and controllable, reasonably select the pilot verification area, scene and service scope, continuously optimize and enrich the DC / EP functions, and steadily promote the introction and application of digital legal tender< European Central Bank: exploring the form and possibility of CBDC. 'we are analyzing what form CBDC may take in order to achieve its potential purpose and mitigate its potential negative impact on monetary stability and financial intermediation,' Mr. kindos said. On the stable coin, Mr jindos said that it was very uncertain whether the stable coin could deliver on its promise, and it was clear that it could bring risks to consumers and the financial system. So it is understandable that authorities around the world are calling for regulatory stability.
why
let's take a look at the current definition of DCEP
Digital legal tender
in addition to being different from legal paper money in carrier, it has the same function as paper money: value scale, circulation means, payment means and value storage
this is also the function of paper money
the issuance of DCEP is based on 100% reserve and will circulate with cash currency, that is, M0 issuance
although the central bank's digital currency was slowly launched after the rise of blockchain technology, it is not pure blockchain technology, but only uses some technologies related to blockchain
we all know that the commercial application of block chain technology still faces many problems, such as concurrency, data storage and so on
a country with a large population like ours, if we use blockchain technology in a strict sense, it will not be able to carry it at present<
Wanxiang blockchain analysis:
from the information disclosed by the people's Bank of China, DC / EP does not use the real blockchain like Libra
although digital currency is not a token in the blockchain, it is similar to the token in the blockchain in the key features of non double flower, anonymity, unforgeability, security, transitivity, separability and programmability
therefore, DC / EP still belongs to token paradigm rather than account paradigm
the central bank is responsible for the maintenance of the DC / EP issuance registration subsystem, which is centralized and does not need to run consensus algorithm, so it will not be subject to the performance bottleneck of the blockchain
in DC / EP, blockchain is used to confirm the right registration of digital currency and plays an auxiliary role
each country's base currency issuance is increasing every year
therefore, the central bank's digital currency improves the bearing property of money. Paper money is naturally suitable for the atomic world, and digital currency is more suitable for the consumption scenarios in the bit world
the supply is definitely the same as that of the previous monetary system, increasing every year.