How much is Fus digital currency EAC
Berkshire; Berkshire Hathaway (BRKa, BRKB) was founded by Warren & Chen 8226; Founded in 1956 and headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, USA, Warren Buffet is a diversified equity investment holding company. Sixty years later, Berkshire has become an investment holding group with far-reaching influence all over the world. It is a financial kingdom with stocks, bonds, cash, e-money and precious metals, At the same time, it has many instrial companies all over the world. Members of Berkshire's board of directors are all world-class millionaires, including bill, the world's richest man; Bill Gates signed a letter of intent at the New York Public Library on June 25, 2006, and officially decided to donate 85% of his wealth to five charitable foundations, about 37.5 billion US dollars and nearly 300 billion yuan. This is the largest charitable donation in the history of the United States and the world. And strongly called on the rich all over the world to donate most of their assets to charity to help more people. Warren Buffett has always been known as the perpetual motion machine for creating wealth. The shareholders who bought the shares of his company without exception have become tens of millions of millionaires. Among all the companies in the world, the net equity assets of the shareholders rank first in the world (that is, if you gave Warren 10000 dollars in 1956; Today, Warren Buffet is about 270 million US dollars, equivalent to 1.8 billion RMB; Berkshire, however, did not; Today, the share price of Berkshire Hathaway is as high as 204600 US dollars, equivalent to 1.3 million RMB per share, which is not for ordinary people to participate in the transaction. Warren; Warren Buffet has been working hard to find a dark horse company with more potential in the future to create more value. BBK is also the only digital currency company selected in the world.
Fus international digital currency trading platform reminds you:
risk warning: according to the relevant regulations of the people's Bank of China and other relevant ministries and commissions, bitcoin and other digital currencies are special virtual commodities. As a commodity trading behavior on the Internet, ordinary people have the freedom to participate in it at their own risk. At present, there are many uncertain and uncontrollable risk factors in the digital currency instry (such as pre excavation, sharp rise and fall, manipulation of the banker, team dissolution, technical defects, etc.), which lead to high risk in the transaction. If you can't accept it, please don't trade!
it is reported that under the current new normal of China's economy, digital currency assets have more advantages than traditional banknotes. The cost of traditional banknotes in issuance and circulation is relatively high, and the issue of digital assets can better solve this problem, thus recing costs and improving China's payment system. The mobile phone has become a trend. Three years ago, no one could have imagined that nowadays, with a cell phone, a WeChat or Alipay can be downloaded and paid whenever and wherever possible. The demand for cash is less and less. For China, only the electronic currency is difficult to meet the future demand. No matter from the perspective of security or RMB internationalization, only the electronic currency still can not get rid of the central settlement system, and can not proce competitive advantage in the international market and trust higher than the US dollar. The latter is the direction and end point. Then the paperless currency is a trend. This paperless currency has two meanings: one is to make the existing currency electronic, the other is to completely change the system and issue new digital currency to replace the existing currency. This is also the biggest challenge of issuing digital currency.
KM6 solar simulator adopts off-axis collimating optical system, which is determined after full investigation of foreign large solar simulator
in the 1970s, the advanced solar simulators in the United States all used off-axis collimating optical system. In the 1980s, Germany also developed a large-scale solar simulator with advanced technology by using off-axis collimating optical system [2]. According to the theoretical analysis, the off-axis collimating optical system can achieve better irradiation uniformity
the structure of KM6 solar simulator is composed of lamp chamber (including bracket, concentrating system and water cooling baffle), plane mirror assembly, optical integrator, vacuum sealed window and collimating mirror, as shown in Figure 1. The concentrating system consists of 19 xenon lamp units. Each xenon lamp unit uses 25kW water-cooled short arc xenon lamp as light source. Each light source is equipped with a water-cooled ellipsoidal condenser and adjusting mechanism. The 19 xenon lamp units collect the light from 19 xenon lamps into the optical integrator. The optical integrator makes the irradiation uniform and radiates the light to the collimator through a vacuum sealed window, and the collimator reflects the light to form a parallel beam. Among them, the collimator is placed in the auxiliary vacuum container, and the other components are placed outside the vacuum container. The vacuum sealing window is responsible for vacuum sealing and introcing light into the vacuum container
in order to obtain stable irradiation, the xenon lamp power supply adopts high-power programmable power supply, single 30kW. The programmable power supply adopts constant current mode, which can automatically control the intensity and stability of output current according to the command of computer
Instrial Ethernet is used for communication of KM6 solar simulator control system. In addition to detecting the performance of KM6 solar simulator in atmospheric environment, the detector should be used to monitor the radiation value on the reference plane ring the test
3 optical system design and theoretical analysis
3.1 optical system design
the optical system of KM6 solar simulator adopts off-axis collimating optical system, which is composed of 19 xenon lamps, 19 ellipsoidal concentrators, plane mirrors, optical integrators, optical window mirrors and collimating mirrors
the optical parameters and relative positions are shown in Figure 2 and table 1< The KM6 solar simulator selects 19 25kW water-cooled short arc xenon lamps as light sources, and each xenon lamp is equipped with an ellipsoidal condenser to form a xenon lamp unit, a total of 19. These xenon lamp units are placed on a spherical head with an opening diameter of 3138.30mm
parameters of ellipsoidal condenser: F1 = 78.9mm; mo=85 f2=6706.5mm
the meridian section equation of ellipsoidal concentrator mirror: y2 = 2r0 x 2 - (1-e2) x 2,
where: R0 = 2 × f1 × f2/(f1+f2)< br />e=(f2–f1) / (f2+f1)< br />y2=311.9302x-0.045971 x2
aperture of the output end of the condenser: Φ om =540.0mm
effective containment angle of condenser: Um uo = 121 °- forty-two °= seventy-nine °
3.1.2 optical integrator
select the symmetrical optical integrator mirror group, which is composed of field mirror array and projection mirror array with equal aperture, and each array is composed of 55 Plano convex lenses with circular aperture and arranged in honeycomb structure
optical integrator aperture: Φ o=694mm
element lens aperture: Φ n=80.5105mm
effective pass ratio of optical integrator array: α= 0.725
relative aperture of element lens of projection mirror: Φ n/f=1/2
focal length of projection mirror: F = 2 Φ n=161.0211mm
convex radius of projection mirror: r = 73.8443mm
convex radius of field mirror lens: R field = 71.9973mm
3.1.3 plane mirror
the distance from the plane mirror to the field mirror array of the optical integrator is 1800mm, and the axial distance from the plane mirror to the exit pupil of the central condenser of the lamp array is 4645mm. The effective aperture of the plane mirror is 1647mm × The intersection of optical axis and mirror surface deviates 215 mm from the center of mirror surface. The flat mirror is composed of 15 flat mirror units, each of which is 482mm in size × 547mm. In order to prevent the mirror from deformation e to heating, water is used for cooling. The reflectivity of the surface of the plane mirror is more than or equal to 86%, the aperture n = 5, and the local aperture ᦇ 8710; N=1
3.1.4 collimating mirror
the collimating mirror is composed of 121 regular hexagonal spherical mirrors, the maximum diameter of which is DM = 6636mm and the aperture of which is do = 5200mm; The curvature radius of the collimator is 24800mm and the paraxial focal length is 11200mm
the inscribed circle diameter and circumscribed circle diameter of each regular hexagon spherical mirror are respectively: 2R = 600.6612mm; 2R = 693.5839mm
the gap size between the edges of hexagonal spherical mirror is 5mm
the reflectivity of regular hexagonal spherical mirror surface is more than or equal to 86%, the aperture n is less than or equal to 5, and the local aperture is less than or equal to 8710; N≤1
3.1.5 window mirror
since the collimating mirror is placed inside the KM6 auxiliary container, the lamp chamber assembly and optical integrator are placed outside the auxiliary container, in order to introce light into the vacuum auxiliary container, the window mirror is designed to play the role of light passing and vacuum sealing. The overall dimensions are as follows:
aperture of window mirror: D = 942mm
effective aperture: do = 850mm
thickness: H = 90mm
Table 1 optical system parameters of KM6 solar simulator
note: R1 curvature radius of collimating mirror; R2 -- curvature radius of the inner surface of the window mirror; R3 -- curvature radius of the outer surface of the window mirror; R4 -- curvature radius of convex surface of projection mirror; R5 -- plane curvature radius of projection mirror; R6 -- plane curvature radius of field mirror; R7 -- curvature radius of convex surface of field mirror; R8 -- curvature radius of plane mirror; R9 -- the radius of curvature of the condenser ring; R - radius of curvature; Φ— Aperture value of light transmission; Δ L-distance interval; L - distance, the origin is the vertex of the collimator
* the aperture of the integrator is φ 694mm, 55 optical channels, n = 1.4586
* * condenser equation:
number of condenser: 19
3.2 irradiance calculation
3.2.1 φ Irradiance e = 1760w / m2 in 5000mm circle; When the irradiation area diameter is 0 φ 5000～ φ The irradiance E in 5400 ring is 1408w / m2. W0=E· π· D02 / 4 = 34.54kw, where: d0 = 5000mm. W0' = E'· π· D12-d02) / 4 = 4.598kw, in which D1 = 5400mm
W effective = W0 + W0 & # 39= 39.137kW
3.2.2 calculate the efficiency of optical system K
k = K1 · K2 · K3 · K4 · K5 · K6 · K7 · K8 · K9 = 0.102,
where K1 is the photoelectric conversion efficiency of xenon lamp, and the value is 0.45; K2 is the collection rate of condenser, and the value is 0.75; K3 is the reflectance of the condenser, and the value is 0.86; K4 is the aperture utilization of the optical integrator, with a value of 0.85; K5 is the assembly utilization ratio of optical integrator, with the value of 0.73; K6 is the transmittance of field mirror, projection mirror and window, with the value of 0.9453; K7 is the reflectivity of the collimator, and the value is 0.8; K8 is the collimator efficiency, 0.9; K9 is the reflectivity of the plane mirror, and the value is 0.85
3.2.3 calculation of maximum power of xenon lamp operation
W = w effective / K / N = 39.137/0.102/19 = 20.195kw,
where: W effective = 39.137kw; k =0.102 n=19
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