Research on legal supervision of digital currency
Publish: 2021-03-30 13:42:19
1. Every country has brought bitcoin and other digital currencies into the regulatory system. Although the regulatory progress and attitude are different, the regulation of digital currencies in different countries is mainly carried out from the following five aspects:
first, classify the legal nature of digital currencies and establish their legal status
the identification of the nature of digital currency has always been the core issue of legal supervision
Second, regulate ICO to protect the rights and interests of investors
thirdly, we should adopt the license system to supervise the legal qualification of digital currency start-ups< Fourth, the digital currency trading platform and private users should be included in the anti money laundering laws and regulations to prevent money laundering activities
fifthly, rece or exempt bitcoin transaction tax or formulate regulatory exemption privileges to relax the regulation of digital currency instry.
first, classify the legal nature of digital currencies and establish their legal status
the identification of the nature of digital currency has always been the core issue of legal supervision
Second, regulate ICO to protect the rights and interests of investors
thirdly, we should adopt the license system to supervise the legal qualification of digital currency start-ups< Fourth, the digital currency trading platform and private users should be included in the anti money laundering laws and regulations to prevent money laundering activities
fifthly, rece or exempt bitcoin transaction tax or formulate regulatory exemption privileges to relax the regulation of digital currency instry.
2. In recent years, the speculation related to virtual currency (such as ICO, IFO, IEO, IMO and STO) has been in vogue. The price has gone up and down, and the risk has gathered rapidly. Relevant financing entities raise funds from investors or virtual currencies such as bitcoin and Ethereum through illegal sale and circulation of tokens. In essence, they are illegal public financing without approval. They are suspected of illegal sale of token bills, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal crimes, which seriously disrupt the economic and financial order
on September 4, 2017, the people's Bank of China and other seven ministries and commissions issued the "notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance", which cleaned up the ICO and virtual currency trading venues. The scale of domestic virtual currency transactions decreased significantly, effectively avoiding the impact of virtual currency prices on China's financial market.
on September 4, 2017, the people's Bank of China and other seven ministries and commissions issued the "notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance", which cleaned up the ICO and virtual currency trading venues. The scale of domestic virtual currency transactions decreased significantly, effectively avoiding the impact of virtual currency prices on China's financial market.
3. Digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy
digital currency is a kind of unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
according to the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, there is no approved digital currency trading platform in China. According to China's digital currency regulatory framework, investors have the freedom to participate in digital currency transactions at their own risk
warm tips: the above information is for reference only. Before investing, it is recommended that you first understand the risks existing in the project, and understand the investors, investment institutions, chain activity and other information of the project, rather than blindly investing or mistakenly entering the capital market. Investment is risky, so we should be cautious when entering the market
response time: December 11, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
digital currency is a kind of unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as a digital representation of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency. However, because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded in electronic form
according to the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, there is no approved digital currency trading platform in China. According to China's digital currency regulatory framework, investors have the freedom to participate in digital currency transactions at their own risk
warm tips: the above information is for reference only. Before investing, it is recommended that you first understand the risks existing in the project, and understand the investors, investment institutions, chain activity and other information of the project, rather than blindly investing or mistakenly entering the capital market. Investment is risky, so we should be cautious when entering the market
response time: December 11, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
4.
At present, there are mainly two regulations about virtual currency in China. In 2013, many ministries and commissions issued the notice on prevention of bitcoin risk, giving important tips on bitcoin risk. On September 4, 2017, the central bank and other seven ministries and commissions jointly announced again that the first token issue was an unauthorized illegal financing
According to Zhao, there are various ways to launder money by using digital currency. For example, technical means may be used to transfer funds into the cryptocurrency system, and then deploy various transfer addresses, making it difficult to query its transaction path. In other words, money laundering promoted by technological progress is more and more difficult to be detected and prevented. In addition, it has cross regional characteristics, and the lack of global response mechanism exacerbates this situation5. Germany, Japan, Thailand, if you want to buy, you can go to dabit exchange
6. Hacker attack
bitcoin can exist only because both sides of the transaction recognize its transaction value, so anyone can design virtual currency independently. Ars technica, for example, announced this week that it would create its own cryptocurrency, arscoin[ 2]
Cohen believes that the main threat to digital cryptocurrency is how to keep it safely, and the loss of mt.gox bitcoin once again highlights this problem. Recently, the US Congress has also launched a debate on digital cryptocurrency. Some members believe that the supervision of the bitcoin should be strengthened to avoid risks. Another congressman, Jared polis, believes that the US dollar has similar defects to bitcoin, so if bitcoin is banned, then the US dollar note should also be banned[ 2]
digital currency has a short history of development in the world, but it develops rapidly. Many countries are trying to sum up experiences and lessons through official or non-governmental efforts.
bitcoin can exist only because both sides of the transaction recognize its transaction value, so anyone can design virtual currency independently. Ars technica, for example, announced this week that it would create its own cryptocurrency, arscoin[ 2]
Cohen believes that the main threat to digital cryptocurrency is how to keep it safely, and the loss of mt.gox bitcoin once again highlights this problem. Recently, the US Congress has also launched a debate on digital cryptocurrency. Some members believe that the supervision of the bitcoin should be strengthened to avoid risks. Another congressman, Jared polis, believes that the US dollar has similar defects to bitcoin, so if bitcoin is banned, then the US dollar note should also be banned[ 2]
digital currency has a short history of development in the world, but it develops rapidly. Many countries are trying to sum up experiences and lessons through official or non-governmental efforts.
7. Well, this is the answer given by my teacher
A: filter some common database operation keywords,
select, insert, update, delete, and, * etc., or filter the content through the system function addslashes
register in PHP configuration file_ globals=off; Set to off state. (the function will close the registered global variables); If receiving the value of post form, use$_ POST[' user'], If it is set to on, the value will be received by $user.
when writing SQL statements, try not to omit small quotation marks (the one above tab) and single quotation marks.
improve the skills of database naming, and name some important fields according to the characteristics of the program, so that they are not easy to be guessed.
encapsulate common methods to avoid directly exposing SQL statements.
Open PHP safe mode_ Mode = on
Open magic_ quotes_ GPC is used to prevent SQL injection. It is turned off by default. When it is turned on, it automatically converts the SQL query statement submitted by the user to & quot&# 39;& quot; Convert to & quot&# 92;&# 39;& quot;
control the output of error message, close the error message prompt, and write the error message to the system log
preprocess with mysqli or PDO
A: filter some common database operation keywords,
select, insert, update, delete, and, * etc., or filter the content through the system function addslashes
register in PHP configuration file_ globals=off; Set to off state. (the function will close the registered global variables); If receiving the value of post form, use$_ POST[' user'], If it is set to on, the value will be received by $user.
when writing SQL statements, try not to omit small quotation marks (the one above tab) and single quotation marks.
improve the skills of database naming, and name some important fields according to the characteristics of the program, so that they are not easy to be guessed.
encapsulate common methods to avoid directly exposing SQL statements.
Open PHP safe mode_ Mode = on
Open magic_ quotes_ GPC is used to prevent SQL injection. It is turned off by default. When it is turned on, it automatically converts the SQL query statement submitted by the user to & quot&# 39;& quot; Convert to & quot&# 92;&# 39;& quot;
control the output of error message, close the error message prompt, and write the error message to the system log
preprocess with mysqli or PDO
8. The bitcoin protocol itself cannot be modified unless almost all users work together to choose which software to use. It is unrealistic to try to give a regional authority special rights in the global bitcoin network rules. Any rich organization can choose to invest in mining hardware to control half of the computing power in the whole network, so as to achieve the freezing and cancellation of recent transactions. However, there is no guarantee that they will always have this capability, because the investment needs to be equal to the sum of other miners in the world
however, it is possible to regulate the use of bitcoin in a similar way to any other currency. Like the US dollar, bitcoin can be used for a variety of purposes, some of which can be considered legal or not in accordance with the laws of each jurisdiction. At this point, bitcoin, like any other tool or resource, will be subject to different regulations of each country. Under restrictive regulations, the use of bitcoin will also become very difficult. In this case, it is difficult to determine what proportion of users will continue to use the technology. Governments that choose to ban bitcoin will hinder the development of domestic enterprises and markets and transfer innovation to other countries. As always, the challenge for regulators is to develop effective solutions without compromising the development of emerging markets and companies
on December 5, 2013, the Central Bank of China and other five ministries and commissions issued the bitcoin risk notice, which clearly defined bitcoin as an Internet commodity.
however, it is possible to regulate the use of bitcoin in a similar way to any other currency. Like the US dollar, bitcoin can be used for a variety of purposes, some of which can be considered legal or not in accordance with the laws of each jurisdiction. At this point, bitcoin, like any other tool or resource, will be subject to different regulations of each country. Under restrictive regulations, the use of bitcoin will also become very difficult. In this case, it is difficult to determine what proportion of users will continue to use the technology. Governments that choose to ban bitcoin will hinder the development of domestic enterprises and markets and transfer innovation to other countries. As always, the challenge for regulators is to develop effective solutions without compromising the development of emerging markets and companies
on December 5, 2013, the Central Bank of China and other five ministries and commissions issued the bitcoin risk notice, which clearly defined bitcoin as an Internet commodity.
9.
A few days ago, some economists said that supervision is an important link in the research of digital currency and after the issue in the future
with the deepening of the exploration of digital currency, it is urgent to further standardize electronic payment and create a good environment and lay a solid foundation for the implementation of digital currency. Learning from the legislative experience of strong supervision in the payment field of European and American countries, we should pay close attention to the research and development of electronic payment law, and clarify the rights and obligations of all parties involved in the instry and the division of supervision responsibilities from the legal level, So as to prevent payment risks and protect the rights and interests of consumers
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