XPR digital currency to be delisted
wake up, don't be fooled by IPv9 Source: guangming.com)
recently, IPv9, which holds high the "network sovereignty", "self-control" and "security gate", has made a comeback again. Different from the previous focus on "national complex", this time, in addition to emphasizing autonomy and control, IPv9 also brings in concepts such as Internet of things, blockchain, digital currency and smart city, which seems to find a new development direction for itself
in fact, IPv9 originated from an "April Fool's Day joke" of ieft (International Internet standards organization) more than 20 years ago. After being packaged several times in China more than 10 years ago, it was called "Internet of independent innovation" and carried out continuous "promotion and marketing"
recently, the Expert Committee on promoting the scale deployment of IPv6 held a "seminar on the development of China's IPv6 instry" in Beijing. While discussing the deployment of IPv6, the experts at the seminar countered and criticized some erroneous statements about the development of the Internet, represented by IPv9, for special purposes in recent years, and called on science and technology to crack down on counterfeits and eliminate the false while reserving the true<
an April Fool's Day joke was taken for granted
the origin of IPv9 is IETF's RFC 1606 on April 1, 1994. The article of this RFC is called "historical view of using IP version 9", written by Julian onions. Different from most international standard texts, the writing style of this RFC is obviously "postmodernist". In this paper, the author first sentenced the death penalty of IPv9, and then "flashback" evaluates the "life cycle" of IPv9 from the perspective of layer 42 routing, address allocation, application and manufacturing
later, Julian onions, the author of RFC 1606, confirmed to the media that RFC 1606 was just a joke and an "April Fool's Day joke". He said that the motivation for writing this article in 1994 was that ring the discussion on IPv6 at that time, some proposals were short-sighted and there was a problem of address waste in the planning, so he made a "joke" with everyone
this kind of joking work has completely changed its flavor after being seen by people who want to do it. Around 2000, with RFC 1606 as the theoretical basis, after careful packaging, the designers of IPv9 launched "decimal network composed of IPv9 and digital domain name", referred to as "IPv9"
the core of IPv9 is that the web address exists as a string of absolute numbers, and users can enter a simple digital domain name, such as "123456", to replace similar ones“ www.abc.com ”Such a domain name. Around the work of IPv9, the designer established a working group - "decimal network standard working group". Its official website describes: "decimal network system is mainly composed of IPv6 address protocol, IPv6 header protocol, IPv6 transition period protocol, digital domain name specification and other protocols and standards."
in the recent promotion of IPv9, the "inventors" of IPv9 have always emphasized the core values of IPv9 as follows: first, IPv9 adopts decimal network, which is an independent innovation; Second, the new Internet concept, new mechanism, rules and protocols proposed by IPv9 can make our country get rid of the situation that the root domain name server is controlled by the United States; Third, IPv9 is designed in China and is not controlled by foreign Internet, so it is more secure and controllable. In the continuous publicity, IPv9 has achieved more obvious publicity effect, and even in some media, IPv9 has been crowned as "a new generation of safe and controllable information network"
from "no response" to "criticism in unison"
in fact, the attitude of instry experts towards IPv9 was very clear more than 10 years ago. In March 2006, in view of the extensive publicity of IPv9 at that time and the principle of taking every new technology seriously, the national information technology expert committee held a forum on IPv9. After listening to the introction of IPv9 by some members of the decimal network working group, the experts seriously studied and analyzed the core ideas of "decimal network" and IPv9, This paper objectively evaluates the characteristics of IPv9, which adopts a new "decimal" address format different from IPv4 and IPv6, but the consequence of adopting a different address format is that people set up barriers to connect with the Internet, which is not desirable on the national public network, can not be standardized, and can not pass the review of domestic experts Immaterial changes have no guiding significance for the development of the Internet, and innovation is impossible
among them, the key and core reason is that IPv9 is not the Internet, but a domain name design. If China adopts this method, it means isolation from the Internet. At that time, Qian Hualin, former chief scientist of the computer network information center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, asked, "is it good for us if our telephone network and Internet are isolated from foreign telephone networks and Internet?"
instry experts agree that the scientific and objective summary of IPv9 has been made, and there is no need to discuss it too much
however, after a period of silence, the supporters of IPv9 "make a comeback". In addition to emphasizing autonomy and control, they also bring in fashion concepts such as Internet of things, blockchain, digital currency and smart city, which seems to find a new direction for their own hype
the academic circles realize that this technology speculation in the name of "patriotism" can do much more than they think, but every opportunity such technology speculation obtains through marketing may have a serious impact on the future strategic decision-making of the country. Only in this way did the experts and academicians in the instry refute in unison at the "China IPv6 instry development seminar"
experts believe that IPv9 has not been recognized by international academia and instry, and its international impact is negative“ It deviates from the concept of open and innovative Internet development and tries to isolate China's Internet from the global Internet by establishing a "narrow gauge railway". This closed Internet has lost its real significance as an Internet. "
is it technological innovation or technological speculation
what is IPv9? Is it technological innovation or technological speculation“ It's ridiculous to spend time on IPv9. They're not the Internet at all, not even academic fraud; According to them, it is impossible to build a network. After so many years, where is their network? " Wu Jianping, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering and director of the Department of computer science at Tsinghua University, said this in an exclusive interview
several core innovations are often mentioned in the publicity of IPv9:
first, it adopts decimal system and has more addresses than IPv6. In this regard, Wu Jianping said that more addresses are meaningless. IPv6 addresses already have 128 addresses to the power of 2, and every square meter has 26 addresses to the power of 10. Some people figuratively say that "if the earth is covered with a layer of sand, then every sand can have an IP address.". In other words, it is meaningless to use enough addresses, and it will bring more algorithmic pressure to the Internet, which can not be solved at all. Now the biggest problem faced by IPv6 network is the routing calculation pressure brought by large enough addresses. If it's innovation, isn't it easy to build an IPv6 10 or 8? Second, IPv9 says that the design of the domain name system is a major innovation of IPv9. They believe that if IPv4 or IPv6 is adopted, the United States holds the 13 root domain name servers of the Internet. Once the United States disconnects from providing domain name services to China, China's Internet will not work, and there is no such hidden danger in using IPv9
"this is not the case at all. Internet DNS (domain name system) root server is not the core button of the Internet. " Wu Jianping pointed out that Internet domain name service is an important application service of the Internet, but it is not a basic function of the Internet“ Take the mobile phone address book as an analogy. Now you can make a call directly through the address book, but you can make a call without the address book. You only need to record each phone number; Similarly, without the domain name server, the Internet can still work normally. For example, the dark network has no domain name service at all, but it is still running actively. The most basic way to access the Internet is to access by IP address, resolve the domain name, and finally resolve to a certain IP address. "
in addition, although there are only 13 official root servers in the world, there are hundreds of shadow root servers. Most of the daily access is not to these 13 root servers, but to shadow root servers, which can also assume the functions of global root servers. It is impossible for the global Internet root server operators to shut down all root servers, including shadow servers, at the same time
thirdly, in its publicity, IPv9 said that the Internet was designed by the United States, and the United States owns the ownership of the Internet. If it is very easy for the United States to disconnect China's Internet, can the United States disconnect China's Internet at any time? Wu Jianping said that there is no possibility that the Internet is different from traditional telecommunications. It has no global center, nor is it a hierarchical management model. It is a global network system with equal connectivity, and the networks of all countries are equal. The network structure is completely distributed outside the domain name system, so the Chinese Internet is an important part of the global Internet, not a part of the US internet. The global Internet is a public network in which "you connect me, I connect you" are interconnected and there is no center
fourthly, the publicity of IPv9 can solve the network security problems that perplex the world. In this regard, Wu Jianping said that no design can be perfect. No matter what kind of network architecture, there will be security problems. Before its real large-scale use, all security problems will not be exposed. Compared with IPv4, at the beginning of design, IPv6's security has been an important improvement goal; Many new functions have been added to IPv6, such as automatic encryption. In 2003, when China launched the next generation Internet demonstration project CNGI, experts and academicians analyzed this and drew the basic conclusion: IPv6 will never be more insecure than IPv4. Now, the conclusion should be that IPv6 is definitely more secure than IPv4. For example, the source address authentication technology is to solve the security problem from the Internet architecture level. It is to fundamentally solve the security problem, not to mend. In addition, although IPv6 has solved many security problems, it can not rule out new security problems, but it is sure to be better than IPv4“ It is unscientific and absurd to draw the conclusion that the network will be more secure without even carrying out the test network Wu Jianping said
What reflections can we get from the phenomenon of IPv9
in the United States, the birthplace of the Internet, people have no discussion about IPv9. VINT Cerf, the founder of the Internet, said that the "noise" in the development of the Internet is because its proponents have not yet understood how the Internet works. He also mentioned: "RFC 1606 has long been recognized as a joke on April Fool's day. IPv9 is completely out of the author's imagination. As an Internet architecture, IETF has never recognized IPv9, which violates the rules of the domain name system."
Why are foreign countries not "fooled" by technologies like IPv6? Wu Jianping believes that this is related to the Internet at home and abroad
Dag's full name is "directed acyclic graph". There is no block concept. Instead of packaging all data into blocks and linking blocks with blocks, each user can submit a data unit, which can contain many things, such as transactions, messages, etc. Data units are linked by reference relation to form DAG (directed acyclic graph) with partial order relation. The characteristic of DAG is to write data units asynchronously. A large number of wallet clients can write transaction data to DAG autonomously and asynchronously, which can support huge concurrency and high speed. At the same time, trustnote, which uses DAG technology, also supports declarative smart contracts. Declarative smart contracts mean that users can directly write and describe the results they want, and describe what they want to do in a very simple language that everyone can understand
by the end of 2017, there are more and more "high traffic applications". In addition to the mainstream e-commerce platforms, there are also live broadcast platforms, P2P financial management, today's headlines, Momo and so on. If "high traffic applications" are combined with DAG blockchain technology, what changes will it bring to the instry? In addition to the characteristics of the blockchain itself, such as decentralized, distributed ledger and tamper proof, DAG blockchain technology can not only support high concurrency, combine with double-layer consensus mechanism, use workload to prove consensus algorithm, but also prevent the "double flower" problem
then, how can DAG support high concurrency? First, the data is not as strong synchronization as bitcoin and Ethereum, but weak synchronization, allowing nodes to have different data at the same time, and the data can have some small differences. Second, the transaction can be confirmed through the reference between data units, that is, the subsequent units refer to the previous units. In this way, we don't need to transfer the data to the miners, and the whole process is completed by ourselves. This process is very fast. Dag is a beautiful way to solve the problem of high concurrency. Compared with the previous lightning network, DAG has its inherent advantages in other aspects
let's see how DAG can prevent "double flower"? If you can select a mainchain in a directed graph, you will find that all the nodes in the graph can be sorted in one way. If you connect the serial numbers in a row, the graph will become the same sequence structure as a blockchain, that is, the nodes that are sorted out, and each node is a transaction, not a block. Therefore, the determination of the main chain, through the main chain, can form a total order. The final result is that in a certain logical state, the transactions are sorted, which is the most critical part of DAG
"high traffic application" is a smooth expansion with the increase of the number of nodes and transactions. When the number of nodes exceeds 100 million or the number of transactions exceeds 1 million, the DAG's characteristic is that the more transactions, the faster, the more nodes
so if we need to get the impact force, we need a contact time, estimate one, and then get the impact force
you can't get the impact force under the given conditions, So we can't work out the specific value.
generally speaking, the trading pairs in the exchange are followed by St, which means that the trading volume of this currency is insufficient recently and there is a risk of delisting.
It is true that digital currency is an opportunity to rise, but it is not necessarily a very good opportunity to turn over the waves. It is not necessarily that any investment has its own characteristics. It can be said that the characteristic of all investments is the leverage of capital. if you don't have enough money, you can't leverage enough capital, even if it can make money, You don't make most of the money either{ RRRRR}
don't think about sudden wealth. It's impossible to have some special opportunities, such as demolition. Besides, it's hard for you to get sudden wealth and buy lottery tickets. Do you think you will win? It's very difficult. If you are lucky enough to win 5 million yuan in the lottery, you can make money by investing in anything, but this luck is unreliable. people want to make money by their own strength and work down-to-earth, not by luck. It's possible to make a lot of money by luck, but it's also possible to lose money strong>
has nothing to do with the collection of banknotes. If it is necessary, it is that the launch of digital currency
is likely to accelerate the delisting process of the fourth set of RMB.