Digital currency can perform the functions of value scale, commo
fiat money: it means that it does not represent real goods or goods, and the issuer has not cashed the currency into physical obligation; A currency that becomes legal currency only by government decrees. The value of fiat money comes from the owner's belief that money will maintain its purchasing power in the future. Money itself has no intrinsic value, that is to say, when the paper money comes into being, legal tender is essentially the negotiable paper money stipulated by law
the legal currency of the people's Republic of China is RMB, and the people's Bank of China is the national authority in charge of the management of RMB, which is responsible for the design, printing and issuance of RMB—— From the Internet
e-money: in fact, it is the electronization of legal money, including our common bank card, online banking, e-cash, etc; There are also third party payments developed in recent years, such as Alipay and WeChat payment. No matter what the form of these electronic money is and through which institutions it circulates, its original source is the legal money issued by the central bank
virtual currency: virtual currency refers to non real currency, and its existing state is intangible. The most important difference between virtual currency and electronic currency in narrow sense is the difference of issuers. Virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, game currency, q-coin, and ticket counting are mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment
digital currency: digital currency which applies the latest digital network technologies such as blockchain, has the characteristics of Distributed Accounting, unique encryption technology, decentralized settlement, etc. Of course, digital tools with these characteristics must be supported by national credit if they want to become sovereign currency or legal tender
therefore, digital currency must be currency; In today's social system, money must also be sovereign money or legal tender. Secondly, digital currency must have the basic attributes and main functions of currency.
Digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency (which can be used for real goods and services transactions)
digital currency has the main characteristics of network packets. This kind of data packet is composed of data code and identification code. The data code is the content we need to transmit, while the identification code indicates where the data packet comes from and goes
based on the characteristics of digital currency, the direct benefit of digital currency to the central bank is not only to save the cost of note issuance, circulation and settlement, but also to enhance the central bank's ability to control funds
Electronic money and virtual money are called digital money. According to the definition of the European Central Bank, virtual money is issued by non central banks, credit institutions and e-money institutions, which can be used as the numerical expression of the value of currency substitutes in some cases{rrrrrrr}
extended information:
the process of digital currency trading through the platform is as follows:
(1) investors should register accounts first, and obtain digital currency accounts and US dollar or other foreign exchange accounts at the same time
(2) users can buy and sell digital currency with the money in their cash account, just like buying and selling stocks and futures
(3) the trading platform will sort the buying requests and selling requests according to the rules and start to match them. If they meet the requirements, the transaction will be concluded
(4) e to the difference between the buy and sell volumes submitted by users, a buy or sell request may be partially executed
first, we need to clarify the concept, definition, classification, functions and characteristics of digital currency, put forward the Chinese definition of digital currency, distinguish the similarities and differences and relations between legal digital currency and private digital currency in technical characteristics, economic characteristics and institutional arrangements, and discuss the process of digital currency performing monetary functions, And how to meet the requirements of a high-quality monetary system
Second, we need to conct in-depth research on the operation of digital currency, and explore the issuance, circulation, transaction and withdrawal mechanism of digital currency based on the al system of central bank and commercial bank. On this basis, the selection of technical route and key technology to meet its operation mechanism is discussed, and the key technology research and breakthrough are carried out
thirdly, we should study the effect and influence of digital currency on monetary and financial operation system
fourthly, based on the above research results, the scientific top-level design of digital currency supervision is formed, including the development and design of digital currency, the development of applicable regulatory coordination tools, and the selection of appropriate regulatory indicators
more importantly, the digital currency that the central bank plans to issue is different from bitcoin, Leyte, dogcoin, decent and other digital currencies.
money as a measure of value is to use money as a measure to show and measure the value of all other commodities.
commodity exchange with money as a medium is called commodity circulation.
the function of money as a medium of exchange is called circulation means
the function of money is the function of money in people's economic life. Under the condition of developed commodity economy, currency has five functions: value scale, circulation means, storage means, payment means and world currency. Among them, the value scale and circulation means are the basic functions of money, and the other three functions appear one after another in the development of commodity economy
as a measure of value, money represents and measures the value of all other commodities with its own measure. Why can money measure the value of other goods? Because money itself is a commodity and has value. Just like a ruler, it can measure the length of everything else because it has its own scale. What has no value of its own cannot measure the value of other commodities
originally, the value of a commodity is measured by the labor time condensed in the commodity. The more labor time a commodity contains, the greater its value. Therefore, labor time is the internal value measure of goods, while money is only the external value measure of goods
the value of a commodity is expressed in money, which is the price of the commodity. Price is the monetary expression of value. The function of currency to implement the value scale is actually to show the value of goods as a certain price. For example, the price of a pair of shoes is 10 yuan, the price of a shirt is 5 yuan, and so on. However, it should be made clear here that when money performs the function of value scale, it does not need real money, as long as people think about the price of a commodity in concept. Therefore, there is nothing strange about this, because when money performs the function of value scale, what it does is to give the commodity a price form, that is, to show how much a commodity is worth, rather than to really exchange the commodity with money. Marx said: "in its function of value scale, money is only used as the currency of idea or imagination."
as a means of circulation, money serves as the medium of commodity exchange. This is the function of money that we usually see in the process of commodity trading. Therefore, this function is also called means of purchase. It is not self-evident that money, as a means of circulation, must be real money rather than conceptual money. No capitalist will allow anyone to take away his goods with empty words
under the effect of currency as a means of circulation, commodities are no longer exchanged directly with each other, but exchanged through currency. The owner of a commodity first exchanges his commodity for money, and then exchanges money for other commodities. This kind of commodity exchange with money as medium is called commodity circulation. The transition from barter to commodity circulation means that the internal contradiction of commodity economy has further developed. Because, under this condition, selling and buying are divided into two independent processes. If the person who sold the goods does not buy them immediately, others will not be able to sell their goods. In other words, the function of money as a means of circulation already includes the possibility of economic crisis
as a means of circulation, money was first made of precious metal bars and blocks, then developed into coins, and finally paper money appeared. Paper money comes from the function of money as a means of circulation
the third function of money is to act as a means of storage, that is, it can be stored as a general representative of wealth. As a means of storage, money is neither imaginary money as it was when it was used as a measure of value, nor can it be replaced by money symbols as it was when it was used as a means of circulation. Therefore, only gold and silver coins or gold and silver bars can perform the function of storage means
as a means of storage, money has the function of spontaneous adjustment of money circulation. When the amount of money needed in circulation decreases, the surplus metal money will withdraw from circulation and become storage money; On the contrary, when the amount of money needed in circulation increases, part of the stored money will re-enter circulation and become a means of circulation. Because of this function of stored money, under the condition of full price metal money circulation, there will be no excessive amount of money in circulation and no inflation
the fourth function of money is the means of payment. Money plays such a role in the situation of debt repayment, wage payment and tax payment. In the case of money as a means of payment, because many commodity procers owe each other, they form a debt chain. For example, a owes B money, B owes C money, C owes d d money and so on. If one of the commodity procers fails to pay the debts on time e to the difficulties in proction and sales, it will cause a series of chain reactions, resulting in the collapse of the whole line. Therefore, the function of money as a means of circulation makes the formal possibility of economic crisis further developed
the last function of currency is to act as the world currency, that is, to play a role in the world market. Only gold or silver can be used as world currency, but mint and paper money can not be used as world currency, because the latter loses its original legal significance once it goes beyond the national scope. The functions of world currency are as follows: first, as a general means of payment, it is used to pay the balance of international payments; Second, as a general means of purchase, it is used to purchase foreign goods; Third, as the representative of social wealth, it is transferred from one country to another, such as paying war reparations, foreign loans and transferring property.