Digital currency proposed by the Bank of England
Publish: 2021-04-05 18:56:23
1. On the issue of issuing their own digital currency, central banks are always less thunderous. Central banks around the world are considering issuing their own digital currencies to compete with cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, but they have been unable to do so for a long time
the media's attention to the central bank's digital currency has increased significantly, especially after Zuckerberg testified in Congress on the Libra issue and Christina Lagarde acknowledged the "clear demand" for stable currency at her first media reception as president of the European Central Bank, which seems to have changed the public's view on this matter, Let many people in cryptocurrency community think that cbdcs is in sight<
according to the latest survey report released by the bank for International Settlements, central banks in the past seven years have been investigating this technology and assessing its impact. Of the 63 central banks surveyed, 55 said they were unlikely to issue cbdcs in the next three years, and only one reported that they were "highly likely to issue large-scale cbdcs in the next three to six years."
although the proportion of central banks studying cbdcs is very high, the crux of the problem is that it is mainly theoretical and investigative work. Only five central banks have concted more in-depth research and real project development or experimentation - but that still does not mean that they will necessarily issue cbdcs
through close observation, it is more and more obvious that both Libra recently released by Facebook and the new stable currency assets have had a significant impact on the central bank. Today's situation took hundreds of years to form, but it changed in a few months; Competition, the most terrifying and unfamiliar concept that has never been thought of before and penetrated into the elite society of central banks, is now knocking at the door
it can be said that the solution to the current situation is still unclear. Some people who are familiar with these things even say that they are bluffing. However, in Lagarde's own words, the slow and wait-and-see regulatory approach can no longer meet the needs
1. What is central bank digital currency<
what is the difference between central bank digital currency CBDC and other digital currencies
CBDC is a new form of currency, which is directly issued by the central bank in digital form as legal tender. The current form of legal currency is cash, reserve deposit or balance settlement< There are two main differences between CBDC and other digital currencies (including cryptocurrency and other forms of central bank currency):
1. CBDC has nothing to do with cryptoassets. They're not decentralized, they don't have to be blockchain based, and they're certainly not anonymous, they're not unlicensed, they're not censored< 2. Contrary to the current digital cash, the operation structure of CBDC will be different from other forms of central bank currency. CBDC has more powerful functions. They are programmable, can generate interest, can be cleared in near real time, and have cheaper handling charges and wider openness
when designing CBDC, the speed of central banks is different. Different central banks adopt their own approach. However, in general, there are three problems being explored: whether CBDC should be based on token or account number, whether CBDC should be batch (only open to banks) or retail (open to the public), and whether it should be based on DLT
when CBDC is to be implemented, things will become complicated, and there are many thorny problems to be considered
for example, once CBDC is launched, does it need to cancel cash? Should CBDC carry interest? Should they have face value like cash? Or linked to the total price index? What impact will this have on commercial banks? What about anonymity and privacy? All these questions need to be answered<
2. Motivation for issuing CBDC
in the 2017 staff discussion paper, the Bank of Canada gave six reasons for issuing CBDC in an article entitled "central bank digital currency: motivation and impact":
1. Ensure that the central bank provides sufficient cash to the public, and maintain the seigniorage revenue of the central bank
2, Support non-traditional monetary policy
3. Rece overall risk and improve financial stability
4. Improve payment competitiveness
5. Promote financial inclusiveness
6. Curb criminal activities
looking back at the bank for International Settlements survey we analyzed earlier, payment security and domestic efficiency are selected as the most important motives of the central bank. According to a large number of papers published by the central bank and other large financial institutions, for developed countries, the transformation into a cashless society is the main driving factor, while for developing countries, financial inclusiveness, cost rection and operational efficiency are the main motivation
throughout the rest of the reports and the literature that can be found, the fierce competition brought about by bitcoin and other innovations in the cryptocurrency instry, as well as the clear need for "one step ahead", of course, are not listed as the reasons for issuing CBDC< The advantages and potential risks of CBDC are very low.
if the central bank starts to launch CBDC and succeeds in the end, there are many potential benefits
from a technical point of view, CBDC is much better than the current form of legal currency. They can be tracked better, collect taxes more conveniently, transmit monetary policy better, have better financial inclusiveness, and rece the cost of procing physical currency
the most obvious advantage is that payment is cheaper and faster, whether it is domestic payment or cross-border payment
in addition to the design and implementation problems, a key problem of issuing CBDC is that CBDC may increase the risk of bank operation. However, this only happens when banks promise that their deposits can be converted into CBDC on demand, which is not necessarily the case, according to the Bank of England document
4. Facts on the ground
how far is it from us to see a real CBDC appear in the market? It's hard to estimate, but at present, we can sum up the current situation in one sentence: all talk but no practice
if we put aside the failed digital currencies of Ecuador, Tunisia and Venezuela, we can only do theoretical research, a small amount of experiments, and issue some feasible CBDC issuance announcements supported by the state in the future
the most famous CBDC projects in progress are: e-peso in Uruguay (the project was successfully tested in 2018), DCEP in China, "project Inthanon" in Thailand, e-krona in Sweden (still in the research stage)...
5. The revolution has not yet been successful, and comrades still need to work hard
considering the factors mentioned above, Most of the headlines about CBDC's upcoming release are groundless. All projects scheled to be released this year have been delayed
in fact, there is still a long way to go for the birth of CBDC, and to convince the public, we need more than a statement. Given the current situation, it seems that CBDC and other cryptocurrencies may not affect each other - at least for now.
the media's attention to the central bank's digital currency has increased significantly, especially after Zuckerberg testified in Congress on the Libra issue and Christina Lagarde acknowledged the "clear demand" for stable currency at her first media reception as president of the European Central Bank, which seems to have changed the public's view on this matter, Let many people in cryptocurrency community think that cbdcs is in sight<
according to the latest survey report released by the bank for International Settlements, central banks in the past seven years have been investigating this technology and assessing its impact. Of the 63 central banks surveyed, 55 said they were unlikely to issue cbdcs in the next three years, and only one reported that they were "highly likely to issue large-scale cbdcs in the next three to six years."
although the proportion of central banks studying cbdcs is very high, the crux of the problem is that it is mainly theoretical and investigative work. Only five central banks have concted more in-depth research and real project development or experimentation - but that still does not mean that they will necessarily issue cbdcs
through close observation, it is more and more obvious that both Libra recently released by Facebook and the new stable currency assets have had a significant impact on the central bank. Today's situation took hundreds of years to form, but it changed in a few months; Competition, the most terrifying and unfamiliar concept that has never been thought of before and penetrated into the elite society of central banks, is now knocking at the door
it can be said that the solution to the current situation is still unclear. Some people who are familiar with these things even say that they are bluffing. However, in Lagarde's own words, the slow and wait-and-see regulatory approach can no longer meet the needs
1. What is central bank digital currency<
what is the difference between central bank digital currency CBDC and other digital currencies
CBDC is a new form of currency, which is directly issued by the central bank in digital form as legal tender. The current form of legal currency is cash, reserve deposit or balance settlement< There are two main differences between CBDC and other digital currencies (including cryptocurrency and other forms of central bank currency):
1. CBDC has nothing to do with cryptoassets. They're not decentralized, they don't have to be blockchain based, and they're certainly not anonymous, they're not unlicensed, they're not censored< 2. Contrary to the current digital cash, the operation structure of CBDC will be different from other forms of central bank currency. CBDC has more powerful functions. They are programmable, can generate interest, can be cleared in near real time, and have cheaper handling charges and wider openness
when designing CBDC, the speed of central banks is different. Different central banks adopt their own approach. However, in general, there are three problems being explored: whether CBDC should be based on token or account number, whether CBDC should be batch (only open to banks) or retail (open to the public), and whether it should be based on DLT
when CBDC is to be implemented, things will become complicated, and there are many thorny problems to be considered
for example, once CBDC is launched, does it need to cancel cash? Should CBDC carry interest? Should they have face value like cash? Or linked to the total price index? What impact will this have on commercial banks? What about anonymity and privacy? All these questions need to be answered<
2. Motivation for issuing CBDC
in the 2017 staff discussion paper, the Bank of Canada gave six reasons for issuing CBDC in an article entitled "central bank digital currency: motivation and impact":
1. Ensure that the central bank provides sufficient cash to the public, and maintain the seigniorage revenue of the central bank
2, Support non-traditional monetary policy
3. Rece overall risk and improve financial stability
4. Improve payment competitiveness
5. Promote financial inclusiveness
6. Curb criminal activities
looking back at the bank for International Settlements survey we analyzed earlier, payment security and domestic efficiency are selected as the most important motives of the central bank. According to a large number of papers published by the central bank and other large financial institutions, for developed countries, the transformation into a cashless society is the main driving factor, while for developing countries, financial inclusiveness, cost rection and operational efficiency are the main motivation
throughout the rest of the reports and the literature that can be found, the fierce competition brought about by bitcoin and other innovations in the cryptocurrency instry, as well as the clear need for "one step ahead", of course, are not listed as the reasons for issuing CBDC< The advantages and potential risks of CBDC are very low.
if the central bank starts to launch CBDC and succeeds in the end, there are many potential benefits
from a technical point of view, CBDC is much better than the current form of legal currency. They can be tracked better, collect taxes more conveniently, transmit monetary policy better, have better financial inclusiveness, and rece the cost of procing physical currency
the most obvious advantage is that payment is cheaper and faster, whether it is domestic payment or cross-border payment
in addition to the design and implementation problems, a key problem of issuing CBDC is that CBDC may increase the risk of bank operation. However, this only happens when banks promise that their deposits can be converted into CBDC on demand, which is not necessarily the case, according to the Bank of England document
4. Facts on the ground
how far is it from us to see a real CBDC appear in the market? It's hard to estimate, but at present, we can sum up the current situation in one sentence: all talk but no practice
if we put aside the failed digital currencies of Ecuador, Tunisia and Venezuela, we can only do theoretical research, a small amount of experiments, and issue some feasible CBDC issuance announcements supported by the state in the future
the most famous CBDC projects in progress are: e-peso in Uruguay (the project was successfully tested in 2018), DCEP in China, "project Inthanon" in Thailand, e-krona in Sweden (still in the research stage)...
5. The revolution has not yet been successful, and comrades still need to work hard
considering the factors mentioned above, Most of the headlines about CBDC's upcoming release are groundless. All projects scheled to be released this year have been delayed
in fact, there is still a long way to go for the birth of CBDC, and to convince the public, we need more than a statement. Given the current situation, it seems that CBDC and other cryptocurrencies may not affect each other - at least for now.
2. CBDC, the full name of central bank digital currencies, translated as the central bank digital currency
in its Research Report on CBDC, the Bank of England defines central bank digital currency as an electronic form of central bank currency, which can be used by households and businesses to make payments and store value
the Chinese version of CBDC is described as a controllable anonymous payment tool, which is issued by the people's Bank of China, operated by designated operating institutions and exchanged to the public, based on the generalized account system, supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts, is equivalent to banknotes and coins, and has value characteristics and legal compensation
what we call DC / EP is the Chinese version of the central bank's digital currency, translated as "digital currency and electronic payment instruments"
response time: October 27, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
in its Research Report on CBDC, the Bank of England defines central bank digital currency as an electronic form of central bank currency, which can be used by households and businesses to make payments and store value
the Chinese version of CBDC is described as a controllable anonymous payment tool, which is issued by the people's Bank of China, operated by designated operating institutions and exchanged to the public, based on the generalized account system, supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts, is equivalent to banknotes and coins, and has value characteristics and legal compensation
what we call DC / EP is the Chinese version of the central bank's digital currency, translated as "digital currency and electronic payment instruments"
response time: October 27, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
3.
What does digital RMB mean when the red envelope of digital RMB officially begins to welcome the new year? According to official news, the Ministry of Commerce has issued the overall plan for the pilot project of comprehensively deepening the innovation and development of service trade, and announced the pilot areas of digital RMB. The plan is clear, and digital RMB pilot will be carried out in Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and other pilot areas in central and Western China. Among them, Shenzhen, Cheng, Suzhou, xiong'an New District and other relevant departments of the future Winter Olympic Games scene will assist in the promotion first, and then expand to other regions according to the situation. This is also the first time that the central bank has made clear the pilot work of digital RMB in public documents after it proposed this month that it would actively and steadily promote the research and development of legal digital currency in the second half of the year. In fact, digital RMB is the legal digital currency issued by the people's Bank of China; DC/EP"， They are digital currency and electronic payment instruments. In short, it is the digital substitution of RMB banknote, its function and property are exactly the same as banknote, but its form is digital
Dong ximiao believes that there is no doubt that digital economy has become an important driving force and a new growth point of the global economy. In China, the added value of the whole digital economy has accounted for 1 / 3 of the whole GDP. Especially after the outbreak of the epidemic, the world pays more attention to the development of digital currency and digital economy. Therefore, central banks in various countries generally have a positive attitude towards digital currency. In 2014, the people's Bank of China began to develop the Chinese version of digital currency. With more and more testing scenarios, China's digital currency will play a key role in promoting the global digital economy4. At present, central banks and financial institutions all over the world are concting research on currency digitization and related technologies. At the "fintech summit in Shenzhen, China" hosted by Shenzhen Municipal Government on December 20, more than 40 units, including Ping An Group, Weizhong bank and Dacheng Fund, announced that they would jointly initiate the preparation for the establishment of China's Shenzhen fintech digital currency alliance, and cooperate with the central bank and other financial regulatory departments to study and formulate digital currency instry standards and relevant institutional mechanisms<
with the development of Internet technology and the profound changes of global payment methods, digital currency with higher operation efficiency and stronger economic adaptability is becoming a new trend of currency development in the future
in this trend, central banks and financial institutions around the world are concting research on currency digitization and related technologies. At the "fintech summit in Shenzhen, China" hosted by Shenzhen Municipal Government on December 20, more than 40 units, including Ping An Group, Weizhong bank and Dacheng Fund, announced that they would jointly initiate the preparation for the establishment of China's Shenzhen fintech digital currency alliance, and cooperate with the central bank and other financial regulatory departments to study and formulate digital currency instry standards and relevant institutional mechanisms
currency digitization is the general trend
in a global science and technology innovation survey released by KPMG, digital currency, 3D printing, Internet of things and biotechnology are listed as the most promising technologies in the next three years. At present, many countries in the world are promoting the research of currency digitization
at the beginning of this year, the Bank of England announced a new research report that the combination of digital currency and mobile technology may completely change the shopping habits of British people, and the Bank of England is considering using this technology to release official digital currency. Sweden's central bank is considering issuing its own digital currency, ekrona, in response to a sharp decline in the country's cash use
in 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research group to demonstrate the feasibility of issuing legal digital currency. At the beginning of this year, the central bank held a seminar on digital currency to further clarify the strategic objectives of the central bank in issuing digital currency. In November, the 2017 annual personnel recruitment plan of the printing Science Research Institute, a unit directly under the central bank's official website, showed that six professionals with master's or doctor's degrees would be recruited for digital currency research and development< In an interview with the media a few days ago, Yao / > deputy director of the science and Technology Department of the central bank and head of the preparatory group of the digital currency Research Institute, said that the prototype scheme for the central bank to issue legal digital currency has completed two rounds of revision, and is expected to be tested in relatively closed application scenarios such as the bill market in the future, but there is no clear timetable for the launch of legal digital currency in China<
Third Party Payment institutions may disappear
at the first "China Shenzhen fintech (Financial Technology) summit" held on December 20, the reporter of daily economic news learned that, under the guidance of Shenzhen municipal government, Ping An Group, China Merchants Bank, Weizhong bank More than 40 units, including Dacheng Fund, will jointly initiate the preparation for the establishment of China's Shenzhen fintech digital currency union and fintech Research Institute
according to Yao Yudong, chief economist of Dacheng Fund, the alliance will cooperate with the central bank and other financial regulatory departments to study and formulate the digital currency instry standards and mechanisms. The Research Institute will comprehensively carry out the research on fintech infrastructure and innovative business, and explore and promote the application of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence blockchain and other technologies
as one of the sponsors of the alliance, Li Lin, founder and chairman of fire coin, pointed out that when it comes to digital currency, it should be made clear that there is an essential difference between the digitization of legal currency and digital currency. The essence of encrypted digital currency represented by bitcoin is a standardized digital asset. However, because the digitization of legal currency may choose to use the underlying technology of encrypted digital currency blockchain as one of the core implementation technologies, there is a close relationship between the two
Li Lin said that blockchain has outstanding technical advantages in security attributes such as non repeatable transaction, non forgery and non tampering. Digital currency represented by bitcoin has the characteristics of disintermediation, openness, transparency and traceability, which will have a profound impact on the future circulation of sovereign digital currency
"in the global cryptocurrency operation and circulation system, there is a unified and open protocol, and different institutions follow the standard protocol, which provides the basis for the cross platform circulation of currency accounts. There is no need for third-party payment companies to provide services to connect with different banks. " Li Lin gave an example. In his view, in the future, if the sovereign digital currency uses the unified and open blockchain agreement or other agreements, and only provides technical services of cross bank agreement, the third-party payment company will disappear
at the same time, Li Lin pointed out that the structural system of encrypted digital currency under the decentralized structure has brought great problems to government supervision, so there will be some changes in the sovereign digital currency system. For example, anonymity is controllable anonymity, unlike complete anonymity in the bitcoin network.
with the development of Internet technology and the profound changes of global payment methods, digital currency with higher operation efficiency and stronger economic adaptability is becoming a new trend of currency development in the future
in this trend, central banks and financial institutions around the world are concting research on currency digitization and related technologies. At the "fintech summit in Shenzhen, China" hosted by Shenzhen Municipal Government on December 20, more than 40 units, including Ping An Group, Weizhong bank and Dacheng Fund, announced that they would jointly initiate the preparation for the establishment of China's Shenzhen fintech digital currency alliance, and cooperate with the central bank and other financial regulatory departments to study and formulate digital currency instry standards and relevant institutional mechanisms
currency digitization is the general trend
in a global science and technology innovation survey released by KPMG, digital currency, 3D printing, Internet of things and biotechnology are listed as the most promising technologies in the next three years. At present, many countries in the world are promoting the research of currency digitization
at the beginning of this year, the Bank of England announced a new research report that the combination of digital currency and mobile technology may completely change the shopping habits of British people, and the Bank of England is considering using this technology to release official digital currency. Sweden's central bank is considering issuing its own digital currency, ekrona, in response to a sharp decline in the country's cash use
in 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research group to demonstrate the feasibility of issuing legal digital currency. At the beginning of this year, the central bank held a seminar on digital currency to further clarify the strategic objectives of the central bank in issuing digital currency. In November, the 2017 annual personnel recruitment plan of the printing Science Research Institute, a unit directly under the central bank's official website, showed that six professionals with master's or doctor's degrees would be recruited for digital currency research and development< In an interview with the media a few days ago, Yao / > deputy director of the science and Technology Department of the central bank and head of the preparatory group of the digital currency Research Institute, said that the prototype scheme for the central bank to issue legal digital currency has completed two rounds of revision, and is expected to be tested in relatively closed application scenarios such as the bill market in the future, but there is no clear timetable for the launch of legal digital currency in China<
Third Party Payment institutions may disappear
at the first "China Shenzhen fintech (Financial Technology) summit" held on December 20, the reporter of daily economic news learned that, under the guidance of Shenzhen municipal government, Ping An Group, China Merchants Bank, Weizhong bank More than 40 units, including Dacheng Fund, will jointly initiate the preparation for the establishment of China's Shenzhen fintech digital currency union and fintech Research Institute
according to Yao Yudong, chief economist of Dacheng Fund, the alliance will cooperate with the central bank and other financial regulatory departments to study and formulate the digital currency instry standards and mechanisms. The Research Institute will comprehensively carry out the research on fintech infrastructure and innovative business, and explore and promote the application of big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence blockchain and other technologies
as one of the sponsors of the alliance, Li Lin, founder and chairman of fire coin, pointed out that when it comes to digital currency, it should be made clear that there is an essential difference between the digitization of legal currency and digital currency. The essence of encrypted digital currency represented by bitcoin is a standardized digital asset. However, because the digitization of legal currency may choose to use the underlying technology of encrypted digital currency blockchain as one of the core implementation technologies, there is a close relationship between the two
Li Lin said that blockchain has outstanding technical advantages in security attributes such as non repeatable transaction, non forgery and non tampering. Digital currency represented by bitcoin has the characteristics of disintermediation, openness, transparency and traceability, which will have a profound impact on the future circulation of sovereign digital currency
"in the global cryptocurrency operation and circulation system, there is a unified and open protocol, and different institutions follow the standard protocol, which provides the basis for the cross platform circulation of currency accounts. There is no need for third-party payment companies to provide services to connect with different banks. " Li Lin gave an example. In his view, in the future, if the sovereign digital currency uses the unified and open blockchain agreement or other agreements, and only provides technical services of cross bank agreement, the third-party payment company will disappear
at the same time, Li Lin pointed out that the structural system of encrypted digital currency under the decentralized structure has brought great problems to government supervision, so there will be some changes in the sovereign digital currency system. For example, anonymity is controllable anonymity, unlike complete anonymity in the bitcoin network.
5. CBDC, the full name of central bank digital currencies, translated as the central bank digital currency
in its Research Report on CBDC, the Bank of England defines central bank digital currency as an electronic form of central bank currency, which can be used by households and businesses to make payments and store value
the Chinese version of CBDC is described as a controllable anonymous payment tool, which is issued by the people's Bank of China, operated by designated operating institutions and exchanged to the public, based on the generalized account system, supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts, is equivalent to banknotes and coins, and has value characteristics and legal compensation
what we call DC / EP is the Chinese version of the central bank's digital currency, translated as "digital currency and electronic payment instruments"
response time: October 26, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
in its Research Report on CBDC, the Bank of England defines central bank digital currency as an electronic form of central bank currency, which can be used by households and businesses to make payments and store value
the Chinese version of CBDC is described as a controllable anonymous payment tool, which is issued by the people's Bank of China, operated by designated operating institutions and exchanged to the public, based on the generalized account system, supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts, is equivalent to banknotes and coins, and has value characteristics and legal compensation
what we call DC / EP is the Chinese version of the central bank's digital currency, translated as "digital currency and electronic payment instruments"
response time: October 26, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
6. Physical upload is very high, but it actually depends on the popularity of the seed video and the number of demand providers. The final allocation is the speed of your upload
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pay close attention to the new developments of crystal mine at any time
thank you for your support to Xunlei crystal mine.
pay attention to the crystal mine Post Bar
http://tieba..com/f?kw=%CB%AE%BE%A7%BF%F3%B3%A1&fr=ala0
pay close attention to the new developments of crystal mine at any time
thank you for your support to Xunlei crystal mine.
7.
There is a unit of money in Britain called the pound
a pound can be converted into RMB 8.9534
sterling is mainly issued by the Bank of England, but there are also other issuers. The most commonly used symbol for pound sterling is & #
in addition to the United Kingdom, the currency of British Overseas Territories is also in pound, and the exchange rate with pound is fixed at 1:1
extended information:
the pound is the third largest foreign exchange reserve in the world, behind the US dollar and the euro. The pound is the fourth largest currency for foreign exchange trading, behind the US dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen
although there is no fixed exchange rate between the pound and the euro, there is often a long-term synchronous trend between the pound and the euro, although this trend has weakened since mid-2006
inflation concerns led the Bank of England to adjust interest rates in the second half of 2006 and early 2007, and the pound also reached its highest price against the euro since January 2003< br />
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