Digital currency payment service provider

1.

1、 Different monetary attributes

1. digital currency:

digital currency belongs to legal tender

2. Wechat:

wechat belongs to the third-party payment instrument

3, Alipay:

Alipay belongs to the third party payment tool. p>

2. Different issuers

1. Digital currency:

the issuer of digital currency is the central bank

2. Wechat:

the clearing Party of wechat is a commercial bank

3, Alipay:

Alipay's settlement party is commercial bank. p>

extended data

in the third-party payment mode, the buyer uses the account provided by the third-party platform to pay for the goods (to the third party), and the third party notifies the seller of the arrival of the goods and requires delivery; After receiving the goods, inspecting the goods and confirming, the buyer shall notify the third party for payment; The third party transfers the money to the seller's account

digital currency can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm. The core characteristics of digital currency are mainly reflected in three aspects:

1. Due to some open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing subject, so no one or organization can control its issuing

Because the number of algorithm solutions is determined, the total amount of digital currency is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by the overuse of virtual currency

3. Because the transaction process needs the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough

2. Digital currency trading platforms include bithum, bitmex, okex, coin security, Huo coin, hitbtc, digifinex, ZB, etc

warm tips:
1. The above explanations are for reference only, without any suggestions
2. Before investing, it is recommended that you first understand the risks existing in the project, and clearly understand the investors, investment institutions, chain activity and other information of the project, rather than blindly investing or mistakenly entering the capital market. Investment is risky, so we should be cautious when entering the market
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3.

ways to purchase digital currency:

at present, digital currency is more like an investment proct. Due to the lack of a strong guarantee institution to maintain its price stability, its role as a measure of value has not yet appeared, nor can it be used as a means of payment. As an investment proct, the development of digital currency is inseparable from trading platforms, operating companies and investors

trading platforms play the role of trading agents, while some play the role of market makers. The profits of these trading platforms come from the current expenses and premium income of investors trading or holding digital currency

1. Investors need to register accounts first, and obtain digital currency accounts and US dollar or other foreign exchange accounts at the same time

2. Users can use the money in their cash account to buy and sell digital currency, just like buying and selling stocks and futures

3. The trading platform will sort the buying and selling requests according to the rules and start matching. If the requirements are met, the transaction will be completed

4. Due to the difference between the trading volume submitted by users, the trading request can be partially executed

take RBM operated by professional operation company opencoin as an example: ripple protocol was originally designed based on payment method, and its design idea was based on acquaintance relationship network and trust chain. Using ripple network for remittance or loan, the premise is that the payee and the payer must be friends or have common friends. Otherwise, the trust chain between users and other users cannot be established, and the transmission cannot be carried out

extended information:

the characteristics of digital currency are as follows:

1, low transaction cost

compared with traditional bank transfer, remittance and other methods, digital currency transaction does not need to pay fees to the third party, and its transaction cost is lower, especially compared with the cross-border payment of high handling charges to payment service providers

2, fast transaction speed

the blockchain technology used in digital currency has the characteristics of decentralization, and it does not need any centralized organization similar to the clearing center to process data, so the transaction processing speed is faster

3, high anonymity

in addition to the physical form of currency can achieve peer-to-peer transactions without intermediary participation, one of the advantages of digital currency compared with other electronic payment methods is that it supports remote peer-to-peer payment, and it does not need any trusted third party as intermediary

both sides of the transaction can complete the transaction in a completely strange situation without mutual trust, so they have higher anonymity and can protect the privacy of the traders, but at the same time, they also create convenience for cyber crime, which is easy to be used by money laundering and other criminal activities

4.

In the digital currency market, the X after each coin represents an unknown probability of a growth value of each bitcoin; Digital currency is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community

The digital representation of value is not issued by the central bank or authority, and has nothing to do with fiat money, but because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, or it can be transferred, stored or traded electronically

At the present stage, digital currency is more like an investment proct, because there is no strong guarantee institution to maintain its price stability, and its value measurement function has not been shown, nor can it be used as a means of payment. As an investment proct, digital currency cannot develop without trading platform, operating company and investors

extended information:

features of digital currency:

low transaction cost: compared with traditional bank transfer, remittance and other methods, digital currency transaction does not need to pay fees to a third party, and the transaction cost is lower, especially compared with cross-border payment, Cross border payment to payment service providers costs more

fast transaction speed: the blockchain technology used in digital currency is decentralized, and it does not need any centralized institutions such as clearing center to process data, so the transaction processing speed is faster

high anonymity: in addition to the physical form of money intermediary participation can achieve point-to-point transactions, one of the advantages of digital currency compared with other electronic payment is that it supports remote point-to-point payment, it does not need any trusted third party mediation, and both parties can complete the transaction in a completely unfamiliar situation without mutual trust, which is higher anonymity

5. At present, there is no final conclusion. In the past 17 years, it has been stipulated that it is illegal. However, the national laws already have a sense of supervision in this aspect, and some relevant policies and regulations will soon be issued to regulate and regulate the blockchain, which means that there will be legal blockchain in the future.

6. 1 the framework of legal digital currency needs the participation of non bank payment institutions
there is no unified concept of legal digital currency. The Bank of England defines "digital currency" as "a payment method existing only by electronic means... Which can be used to purchase physical goods and services"... Including "private digital currency" and "digital currency issued by the central bank". Further than the Bank of England, Yao Qian, director of the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China, made clear the multiple connotations of the central bank's legal digital currency in several public speeches: legal and encrypted credit currency, adopted a series of algorithms, and derived more intelligent functions in the payment function
to this end, the central bank has designed a system architecture of "one currency, two warehouses and three centers", that is, taking digital currency as the center, designing the issuing library and deposit library, matching the certification center, big data analysis center and registration center. The central bank's digital currency is issued by the central bank and circulated in the commercial bank's account. The issuing inventory is put into the people's Bank of China to deposit the digital currency. The deposit bank is the database of the commercial bank to deposit the central bank's digital currency. The authentication center manages the identity of institutions and users in a centralized way; The registration center completes the whole life cycle and ownership registration of the central bank's digital currency; The big data analysis center achieves the goals of anti money laundering, anti terrorist financing, index detection and analysis
as an important node in the framework of legal digital currency, commercial banks play an important role in the circulation of central bank's digital currency. In the case that China's non bank payment institutions have occupied a certain market share, it is a better choice for non bank payment institutions to participate in the framework of digital currency operation as a supplement to commercial banks. The reasons are as follows: first, third-party payment institutions can help commercial banks realize the promotion of legal digital currency. Within commercial banks, there is a competitive relationship between legal digital currency and physical currency. The public tends to convert the digital currency in cash account into traditional currency in exchange for income, so it is difficult to achieve the goal of promoting digital currency by commercial banks; Second, the third-party payment institutions can avoid the repeated construction of payment application scenarios by commercial banks. Different from non bank payment institutions, the current payment scenarios of commercial banks are relatively lack of diversification, which will lead to a waste of resources and the rich experience accumulated by non bank payment institutions; Third, the third-party payment institutions can appropriately rece the operating costs of commercial banks. On the one hand, commercial banks need to upgrade the necessary software and hardware for the central bank's digital money service; On the other hand, we should continue to do a good job in traditional RMB deposit and withdrawal services. The simultaneous operation of the two systems will increase a lot of human and material costs. Fourth, the third-party payment institutions can promote the construction of payment instruments and channel integration of commercial banks. In the framework of legal digital currency, the single payment instruments and complex payment channels provided by commercial banks may rece the enthusiasm of the public to use legal digital currency
2 the emergence of legal digital currency reshapes the role of non bank payment institutions
in the process of cooperation with commercial banks, all kinds of non bank payment institutions play four roles. The first is the role of account manager. Non bank payment institutions can not operate deposit and loan business, and the amount in their payment account is not a deposit, so it is easier for the public to accept the role of non bank payment institutions as "digital wallet". At the same time, non bank payment institutions have rich experience in the development and operation of digital currency wallets and their terminals, which is concive to the smooth management and use of central bank's digital currency, and there is no need to worry about the risk of misappropriation of funds by non bank payment institutions. The second is the role of payment service provider. Non bank payment institutions have a lot of experience in scenario development and operation, including mobile payment, cross-border payment and rural payment, and relatively large market share of scenario based payment. On the one hand, powerful non bank payment institutions can develop a variety of procts based on Intelligent legal digital currency to meet the needs of users' exchange, payment, storage and related derivatives; On the other hand, non bank payment institutions can make use of various scenarios to promote the use of legal digital currency. For example, when consumers want to invest through the central bank's digital currency, non bank payment institutions, with the experience of traditional currency investment and payment services and upgraded digital wallet, can be fully competent as the special payment service provider of digital currency investment. Third, the role of system construction service provider. NPC, the core of national payment and settlement system, and CCPC, the core of provincial payment and settlement system, will continue to play an important role in the framework of legal digital currency. In the long-term coexistence of legal digital currency and traditional currency, NPC and CCPC will be double important nodes. Non bank payment institutions with strong technical ability can be used as secondary verification nodes under the framework of legal digital currency to supplement the multi center and distributed system architecture and continue to dock with NPC and CCPC
3 technical connection between non bank payment institutions and legal digital currency system
the innovation of non bank payment institutions is accompanied by the connection with legal digital currency system, covering the whole process of digital currency generation, storage, use and withdrawal. In this process, the first thing to solve is the docking of basic layer technology and transaction mole. The docking of basic layer technology is reflected in three aspects. First, in terms of basic security technology, non bank payment institutions, as providers of mobile terminal transaction forms, need to apply terminal security mole technology, dock with unified encryption and decryption system, provide carriers for secure storage and encryption and decryption operations, and provide effective basic security protection for digital currency. Secondly, in the aspect of data security technology, non bank payment institutions, as a part of the whole payment system, should adopt the official unified ciphertext + MAC / ciphertext + hash technology to transmit digital currency information, so as to ensure the confidentiality, security and non tamperability of the information. Thirdly, in the aspect of transaction security technology, non bank payment institutions, as the advanced nodes participating in bookkeeping, adopt blind signature technology to ensure the controllable anonymity of digital currency in the process of transaction, and eliminate the possibility of repeated payment through serial number, time stamp and other ways; And through encryption and decryption, digital signature, identity authentication and other anti-counterfeiting ways to ensure the authenticity of the transaction
when docking with the transaction mole, non bank payment institutions should do the following: first, docking with the certification center to obtain relevant digital certificates and user identity information; Second, connect with the trusted service management mole to obtain the use function of digital currency; Third, connect with the issuing system and storage system, and apply for and exchange digital currency through the bank treasury; Fourth, connect with the transaction communication mole to ensure that users can realize online payment through the transaction network in the intelligent terminal based on online transaction communication; Fifth, connect with the registration center, notify and record the flow of digital currency transactions, so as to complete the registration of the central bank's digital currency generation, circulation, checking and extinction process
4 scenario docking between non bank payment institutions and legal digital currency system
scenario docking of non bank payment institutions is based on the transformation of their own roles. Legal digital currency is algorithmic currency and intelligent currency, so business innovation and scenario expansion are the proper meaning of legal digital currency system. Non bank payment institutions can achieve scene docking mainly in four aspects
first, enabling the financial instry and defusing the limitations of financial scenario services. At present, there are some limitations in financial scenario service, such as business modeling is not universal, different agents have different management requirements, and the system docking cost of participants is high. Non bank payment institutions connect with the underlying technology of legal digital currency, and through the research and development of smart contract, establish behavior information such as capital flow, trigger conditions, value change rules, revenue right registration, and corresponding capital information (amount, account, currency, etc.) to resolve the existing limitations of financial scenario service. Non bank payment institutions use the atomic properties of digital currency and the atomic transactions of smart contracts to "assemble" into a business model. It does not need to develop a separate platform for different business scenarios, and avoids the monopoly of the instry platform and the non disclosure of information
Second, expand the use scenarios and improve the user experience. Non bank payment institutions can continue to expand the use scenarios according to the characteristics of legal digital currency on the basis of the existing rich payment scenarios, so as to meet the needs of users' exchange, payment, storage and related derivatives. At the same time, through the aggregation application, users can use the app of non bank payment institutions to dock a large number of scenarios and services
thirdly, improve the security of funds and create a universal digital wallet. Non bank payment institutions can provide digital wallet services, create digital wallets that meet security standards through their own technology, and ensure the security of users' funds. Alternative methods include: the central bank and non bank payment institutions cooperate to develop a unified universal digital wallet application, or authorize several qualified non bank payment institutions to provide universal digital wallet services. The digital wallet can realize the mutual exchange between the user's funds in various commercial banks and the legal digital currency even in the self owned accounts of non bank payment institutions. From the perspective of implementation, at the same time, the traditional account system of commercial banks can also bind the digital currency wallet of non bank payment institutions, so as to achieve the joint management of traditional accounts bound with digital currency wallet
Fourth, help cross-border settlement and build a safe and reliable cross time zone alliance chain. Non bank payment institutions can deeply participate in the cross-border payment system of legal digital currency. Cooperation with commercial banks and central banks can be achieved in at least two aspects. First, payment standards and tools are available. Non bank payment institutions participate in the research and establishment of standards and tools to realize the possibility of technical docking. Second, cross border payment system. The business system led by the central bank and participated by commercial banks and qualified non bank payment institutions will help to realize efficient cross-border payment
5 the legal framework of non bank payment institutions and legal digital currency is connected
a perfect legal system is an important guarantee for the operation of the digital currency system. There are several key questions to answer. First, how to determine the ownership of legal digital currency? This is the basis of all legal acts of legal digital currency. The first way of thinking is that legal digital currency is intangible. As a special movable property, it is applicable to the provisions of the property law. For example, Liu Xiangmin, director of the Department of articles and law of the people's Bank of China, believes that "to solve the problem of ownership transfer of digital currency, we should also focus on the publicity of ownership." The second idea is that digital currency is an electromagnetic record, which is applicable to the law of data transfer and transaction. The essence of digital currency is electromagnetic recording, and the transfer of electromagnetic recording content is recorded in the node of digital currency technology architecture. The change of node records is taken as the standard of ownership transfer. Second, how to protect personal information security? Personal information security is a basic problem in the era of digital economy. In addition to legislation to improve the level of technical security, we should also make clear the main types of legal digital currency system

7. Go to the internet post bar virus bar, there are tutorials. You can also install a Kaspersky (there is a special killing tool). If you can't, go to the computer virus for help. The talents there are more professional

8.

Digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy

can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm. The core characteristics of digital currency are mainly reflected in three aspects:

① e to some open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing subject, so no one or organization can control its issuing

(2) the total amount of digital currency is fixed because the number of algorithm solutions is determined, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by the overuse of virtual currency

(3) as the transaction process needs the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough

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extended data

features:

1, low transaction cost

compared with traditional bank transfer, remittance and other methods, digital currency transaction does not need to pay fees to a third party, and its transaction cost is lower, especially compared with the cross-border payment that provides high handling charges to payment service providers

2, fast transaction speed

the blockchain technology used in digital currency has the characteristics of decentralization, and it does not need any centralized organization similar to the clearing center to process data, so the transaction processing speed is faster

3, high anonymity

in addition to the physical form of currency can achieve point-to-point transactions without intermediary participation, one of the advantages of digital currency compared with other electronic payment methods is that it supports remote point-to-point payment, and it does not need any trusted third party as intermediary, Both sides of the transaction can complete the transaction in a completely unfamiliar situation without mutual trust

therefore, it has higher anonymity and can protect the privacy of traders, but it also creates convenience for cyber crime, which is easy to be used by money laundering and other criminal activities

9.

According to the cloud flash payment red envelope activity launched by UnionPay, the cloud flash payment app has prepared four new year red envelopes: open door lucky red envelope, sign in red envelope every day, invite relatives and friends red envelope, and initiate transfer red envelope. Users can get up to 2018 yuan a day

before, Alipay and WeChat both rolled up their sleeves to prepare for a big fight in the red envelope war ring the Spring Festival. Now the UnionPay with the national team background has brought more expectations to many people. P>

, as a non bank financial service provider, has long time since Alipay avoided regulatory restrictions and extended its services overseas. However, at the end of 2016, Alipay was required to close all offshore financial accounts and have a considerable impact on its Southeast Asian business. p>

and the most popular application of wechat overseas is its own social attribute. In mobile payment, wechat payment has established external partners to jointly develop overseas markets. In South Africa, wechat payment has launched an international payment solution. Users can now use wechat wallet to send and receive money or withdraw cash from ATMs. However, the number of cooperative countries is far less than that of UnionPay partners

as of June 2017, the UnionPay network has spread all over China's urban and rural areas, and has extended to 160 countries and regions outside Asia, Europe, America, Oceania, Africa, etc

compared with the other two, UnionPay's huge number of users has also laid a foundation for its future; First brother & quot; Status. Data show that up to now, China's UnionPay cards have issued more than 5.4 billion cards, and the transaction volume of UnionPay cards in 2016 alone exceeded 38 billion

UnionPay also pays more attention to cardholders going abroad. In 2015, the United States attracted more than 2.5 million Chinese tourists, who spent more than $40 billion locally. Through the development of cooperative relationship in the United States, UnionPay has been able to successfully enter the U.S. market and further increase its overseas market share

UnionPay has said that the acceptance network of UnionPay cards in the United States is tending to be perfect. At present, almost all ATMs in the United States can withdraw cash with UnionPay card, and more than 80% of businesses can pay with UnionPay credit card. In New York, Hawaii, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Orlando, Chicago and other famous shopping centers and outlets business circles, UnionPay card acceptance coverage generally exceeds 90%

UnionPay's international layout

UnionPay began to take its international step in 2004. At the end of 2012, China UnionPay International Co., Ltd. (UnionPay International), a long-standing company, officially opened in Shanghai. As a subsidiary of China UnionPay, it will be responsible for the exclusive business of China UnionPay international

at present, no UnionPay proct can be compared with its international layout. Today, UnionPay has basically achieved global coverage

the data shows that the overseas acceptance network of UnionPay card has covered more than 160 countries and regions. Hong Kong, Macao, Mongolia, Cuba and the United Arab Emirates have basically achieved full acceptance. 80% of merchants in Northeast Asia can use UnionPay cards, more than 70% of merchants in Southeast Asia can accept UnionPay cards, more than 80% of merchants in the United States can use UnionPay credit cards, half of merchants in Europe can use UnionPay cards, and 90% of ATMs and 75% of merchants in Australia can also use UnionPay cards

according to other data, there are more than 10 million overseas online merchants accepting UnionPay cards, and they have graally formed advantages in the fields of ecation payment and air booking. More than 2000 overseas schools support UnionPay card online tuition payment, and the official websites of nearly 40 international airlines support UnionPay card online ticket purchase

the relevant person in charge of UnionPay International said that a series of innovative procts such as UnionPay online payment, UnionPay mobile phone flash payment, UnionPay QR code and UnionPay wallet procts are ushering in richer cross-border application scenarios

It's true. Since the beginning of 2018, UnionPay international and Huawei have signed a cooperation agreement, and the two sides have reached cooperation on jointly promoting the globalization of Huawei pay and speeding up the overseas landing, which is also regarded as an important step in the international layout of UnionPay

Standard Bank of South Africa and UnionPay international have reached a cooperation agreement in Johannesburg, South Africa, which will make use of the resources of standard bank to further promote UnionPay payment services in the African market, and standard bank will become the first financial institution in South Africa that may issue UnionPay card qualification

from the perspective of Unionpay's actions, the strategic advantage of UnionPay is its huge outbound China card account, plus its natural & lt; National team; Advantages, as well as the layout of UnionPay in mobile payment, who ignores UnionPay in the future will have to bear the consequences