Digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of C
As of September 2019, the central bank's digital currency has not been issued
the development history of the central bank's digital currency is as follows
in 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research team to conct in-depth research on the framework of digital currency issuance and business operation, key technologies of digital currency, issuance and circulation environment, and legal issues faced
in January 2017, the central bank officially established the digital currency Research Institute in Shenzhen
in September 2018, the Institute of digital currency built a trade finance blockchain platform
On July 8, 2019, at the launching ceremony of the digital finance open research program and the first academic seminar, Wang Xin, director of the Research Bureau of the people's Bank of China, disclosed that the State Council has officially approved the research and development of the central bank's digital currency, and the central bank is engaged in corresponding work in organizing market institutionson August 2, 2019, the central bank said at the second half of 2019 work video conference that it would speed up the research and development of legal digital currency
on August 10, 2019, Mu Changchun, deputy director of the payment and Settlement Department of the central bank, said at the Yichun forum of 40 people of China finance that "the central bank's digital currency can be said to be ready"
on August 18, 2019, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued their opinions on supporting Shenzhen to build a leading demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which mentioned supporting innovative applications such as digital currency research in Shenzhen
on August 21, 2019, the official micro blog of the people's Bank of China released two articles on digital currency. One is fan Yifei, vice president of the people's Bank of China, who was published in January 2018, talking about some considerations of digital currency of the people's Bank of China. The other is mu Changchun, deputy director of the Department of payment and settlement, who delivered a speech in Yichun on August 10
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practical significance
the digitalization of central bank's currency helps to optimize the central bank's monetary payment function, improve the central bank's monetary status and the effectiveness of monetary policy. The central bank's digital currency can become an interest bearing asset to meet the holder's reserve demand for safe assets, and can also become the lower limit of bank deposit interest rate
can also become a new monetary policy tool. At the same time, the central bank can affect the bank's deposit and loan interest rate by adjusting the central bank's digital currency interest rate, and help break the zero interest rate lower limit
operation system
fan Yifei, vice governor of the people's Bank of China, said in the article that the digital currency of the people's Bank of China should adopt a two-tier operation system. This model does not change the relationship between creditor's rights and debt of currency in circulation, does not change the existing money supply system and al account structure, does not constitute a competition for commercial banks' deposit currency, and does not increase commercial banks' dependence on the interbank lending market
will not affect the lending ability of commercial banks, and will not lead to the phenomenon of "financial disintermediation". At the same time, because it does not affect the existing monetary policy transmission mechanism, it will not strengthen the pro cyclical effect under the pressure environment, and it can improve the convenience and security of payment, and it also has the credit advantage of central bank endorsement
The digital currency of the central bank is DCEP
the name of the digital currency developed by the central bank is DCEP (digital currency electronic payment). DC is digital currency. EP is electronic payment. Payment transmits digital things through a certain way, not paper currency. Therefore, electronic payment itself has the attribute of digital currency
The characteristics of digital currency are: low transaction cost; Fast trading speed; Highly anonymous
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Application of digital currency
I. fast, economic and safe payment and settlement
cross border payment helps RMB internationalization. In 2015, the settlement volume of cross-border payment involving current account is about 8 trillion yuan. To accelerate the internationalization of RMB, cross-border payment and settlement procts and solutions with low cost, high efficiency and low risk are needed
At present, there are still a lot of repetitive human work in the bank's electronic loan process and processing process, and as the basic support of loan issuance, many of the collateral has the situation of false pricing or multiple or even no collateral. We can consider using digital currency to price and track bank collateral:3. Bill finance and supply chain finance
in recent years, various bill market businesses based on commercial bills have grown rapidly, and bill financing procts have become a hot area of Internet financing. However, about 70% of the current bill businesses in China are still paper transactions, Supply chain finance is also highly dependent on labor costs
reference materials
network digital currency
As of 2019, the digital currency seminar of the people's Bank of China was held in Beijing to further clarify the strategic objectives of the central bank's issuance of digital currency, do a good job in tackling key technologies, study the multi scenario application of digital currency, and strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible. At present, it is under study, and many problems need to be improved slowly
digital currency is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the blockchain technology it relies on has been decentralized and can be used in other fields except digital currency, which is one of the reasons why bitcoin is popular; On the other hand, if digital currency is widely used by the public as a kind of currency, it will have a huge impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy, financial infrastructure, financial market and financial stability
If digital currency is accepted by the public, its use will increase greatly and replace legal currency to a certain extent, then negative events such as network attacks on user terminals related to digital currency will cause currency fluctuation, which will have an impact on financial order and real economyin addition, the virtual currency based on blockchain technology is usually held by a few people at the beginning. For example, the first purchase of bitcoin in May 2010 was $25 pizza purchased by 10000 BTC, and the price of each bitcoin rose to $1200 in more than three years by the end of 2013
It's not true
the central bank indicated that it has not issued legal digital currency, nor authorized any institutions and enterprises to issue legal digital currency, and there is no promotion team. The so-called digital currency in the market is not legal digital currency
in addition, the so-called digital currency launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud. The general public should raise their risk awareness, invest rationally and prudently, and prevent the interests from being damaged. The legal currency of our country is RMB. RMB shall be uniformly printed and issued by the people's Bank of China
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precautions:
in the whole process of digital currency promotion, we should pay attention to the overall financial stability, guard against risks, and protect consumers, especially in large economies, to prevent big losses. We should test step by step to promote it. We should grasp the direction, and emphasize financial services for the real economy, Prevent excessive speculation
digital money does not need to bind any bank account when it is paid. Unlike WeChat and Alipay, it needs to bind the bank card. DCEP does not need to bind the bank account. Unless it is necessary to charge DCEP or to withdraw money from DCEP, it is unnecessary to transfer account between users and users. p>
It doesn't matter
the central bank's digital currency is digital RMB, which is issued by the people's Bank of China. On March 9, 2018, Zhou Xiaochuan, then governor of the central bank, officially disclosed the name of the legal digital currency being developed as DCEP at a press conference
DCEP is the abbreviation of digital currency electronic payment. This means that the central bank's digital currency will have the al functions of legal currency and electronic payment at the same time In September 2013, the Ministry of Public Security announced 10 typical pyramid selling cases, among which "Cloud Data Trade" is a large-scale pyramid selling mode in China
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specifically, the characteristics of DCEP are mainly reflected in finance and technology
1. As far as its financial characteristics are concerned, the functions and attributes of the central bank's digital currency are exactly the same as those of the RMB paper currency, which is only a digital version of the paper currency. This shows that digital currency is legal tender, and it depends on national credit to maintain the circulation system of digital currency. Mu Changchun, director of the digital currency Research Institute of the central bank, clearly pointed out that DCEP "is a digital payment tool with value characteristics"
In economics, M0 is often used to refer to the cash circulating outside the banking system. The central bank's positioning of DCEP is to replace M0, that is, to replace cash2. In terms of technical features, the digital currency of the central bank has not fully adopted the blockchain technology. The blockchain research group of the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China has pointed out in a paper that the processing efficiency of the blockchain system needs to be improved. The encrypted assets based on this technology can not guarantee the stability of its anchored assets. At the same time, its decentralization also conflicts with the central bank's centralized management requirements
however, it is said that digital currency draws lessons from some of these technical concepts, such as asymmetric encryption, smart contract and so on. The new cryptocurrency system has the advantages of security, controllable anonymity and unforgeability, which makes up for the problems of high cost, difficult tracking and large counterfeiting
specifically, according to Yao Qian, director of China digital currency Research Institute, the design framework of central bank's digital currency is mainly convenient and efficient, safe and controllable, and popular development
as for the two-tier framework, the two-tier framework is the central bank and the commercial bank, based on the account and wallet. This framework is to combine the original bank account system with the account system based on digital currency wallet
in blockchain technology, digital currency is separated from legal currency system and bank account system. Otherwise, together, it will cause chaos. Considering this problem, Yao Qian introced digital currency wallet into the account system of commercial banks. In this way, an account can manage both electronic currency and digital currency. Of course, this kind of design has a great impact on the current banking system, but it is also a resource for commercial banks with mature system
how does digital currency wallet work in commercial banks
bank accounts and digital currency wallets of commercial banks have common management features. In this case, bank accounts and digital wallets have different positioning. According to the wallet standard designed by the central bank, a wallet is equal to a safe deposit box. According to the requirements of customers, the bank will manage the safe deposit box as all the properties of cryptocurrency. This framework adds a Digital Wallet ID field to the bank account. In this way, the wallet has the function of a safe deposit box and does not participate in the business, so as to avoid affecting the core business of the bank
digital currency transfer can be directly transferred in the commercial banking system, or through the note issuing bank using the client-side digital wallet, direct point-to-point transactions, so that there is no need to rely on inter-bank payment between account banks< In a word, digital currency wallet is the personal wallet in the commercial banking system
theoretically, the payment system deals with demand deposits, while digital currency is in the category of cash
is the digital currency issued by the central bank decentralized
Yao Qian said that the biggest issue facing the instry now is whether decentralized distributed ledger should be used at the top level
Central Bank digital currency is more convenient and can develop into controllable anonymity through centralized issuance and account based weak association. However, in the digital world, we cannot confuse the economy and finance behind the numbers. Although they are all numbers, they represent different assets, so the central bank will keep them in mind when designing. We want to have a mature financial infrastructure for legal digital currency, but considering that the note issuing bank is only responsible for the digital currency itself, and the account bank is responsible for the actual management business, so as long as the specific application is implemented, the note issuing bank and the account bank will perform their ties and do their best
then the characteristics of the central bank's digital currency are
1. Digital currency, like RMB, has stable value
2. The operation mode is the same as RMB, which is endorsed by the national credit and issued by the central bank, and all commercial banks exchange it into the market
3. Digital currency issuance relies on big data, because it has the possibility of real-time collection of currency bookkeeping, flow, transaction, etc., which can provide help in anti money laundering
4. After digital currency replaces paper currency, it will play a positive role in preventing counterfeit banknotes, changing change, and preventing damage and loss ring transaction storage
5. It will rece the waste of resources. The proction and printing of paper money need cost, while the proction of digital currency depends on big data, so it will rece the waste of resources
therefore, with the advent of the central bank's digital currency, personal participation will have less opportunities to make money
I hope it can help you
hope to adopt it
by the end of 2016, the people's Bank of China had set up the people's Bank of China organ Service Center (organ affairs administration), the people's Bank of China centralized procurement center, China Anti Money Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Center, the people's Bank of China credit reference center, China Foreign exchange trading center (China interbank lending center), China Financial Publishing House, financial times The clearing center of the people's Bank of China, China Banknote Printing and mint Corporation, China Gold Coin Corporation, China Electronic Finance Corporation, China Financial Training Center, Zhengzhou Training Institute of the people's Bank of China, financial information center of the people's Bank of China, Party School of the people's Bank of China and other directly affiliated institutions
2. In the recruitment announcement of the people's Bank of China in 2019, the organizations directly under the people's Bank of China will participate in the recruitment, including the organ service center of the people's Bank of China, the Financial Research Institute of the people's Bank of China, the financial times, the general clearing center of the people's Bank of China, the money Museum of China, the financial training center of China, the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China, the financial information center of the people's Bank of China Zhengzhou Training Institute of the people's Bank of China, China Banknote Printing and mint Corporation, China Gold Coin Corporation, China Electronic Finance Corporation, China Financial Publishing House