Double signature of digital currency

1.

1、 Different definitions:

1. virtual currency:

virtual currency refers to non real currency

digital currency:

digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy

3. Cryptocurrency:

cryptocurrency is a kind of transaction medium that uses cryptography principles to ensure transaction security and control the creation of transaction units

4. Token (token):

a kind of article whose shape and size are similar to currency, but the scope of use is limited and has no currency effect, and its token is the homonym of token in English

Second, the characteristics are different:

1; It can also be said that virtual currency is personalized currency. In another way, it can also be called information currency

2. Digital currency:

is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities

Cryptocurrency:

cryptocurrency is based on the decentralized consensus mechanism, which is opposite to the banking and financial system relying on the centralized regulatory system

4. Token (token):

usually needs to be exchanged for money, used in shops, playgrounds, mass transportation and other places, as a voucher to use services and exchange goods

extended data

at present, digital currency is more like an investment proct, because it lacks a strong guarantee agency to maintain its price stability, and its role as a value measure has not yet appeared, so it can not be used as a means of payment. As an investment proct, digital currency cannot develop without trading platform, operating company and investment company

digital currency is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the blockchain technology it relies on has been decentralized and can be used in other fields except digital currency, which is one of the reasons why bitcoin is popular; On the other hand, if digital currency is widely used by the public as a kind of currency, it will have a huge impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy, financial infrastructure, financial market and financial stability

2. At present, the blockchain digital currency exchange has three kinds of licenses most applied for in the market: MSB license in the United States, MTR double license in Estonia and austrac license in Australia

MSB license in the United States is a license with a wide range of supervision. It is aimed at engaging in money service business and companies in the United States, including digital currency, virtual currency transactions, ICO issuance, foreign exchange, foreign exchange and so on. Relevant business companies must apply for MSB license to operate in compliance. The license plate is characterized by high reputation, high gold content, independent recognition by investors and exchanges, and low cost compared with other digital currency licenses. Processing: provide a director information (ID card) + provide a company name (need to help you register an American company first)

Estonian MTR virtual currency trading license includes two licenses: virtual currency trading license service and wallet trading service license. Characteristics of the license: the first digital currency license issued by the state is very friendly to the blockchain, the relative policy bill and so on, and the reputation is very high. Although the cost is higher than that of the US MSB license, it is actually very low. Handling: the first way: provide a director's information (ID card) + provide a company name (need to help you register an Estonian company first) + director's no criminal record certificate (need to be notarized) + capital verification account 12000 Euro + local actual office and office staff. The second way: provide a company name, other all inclusive

digital currency traders in Australia need to apply for austrac. If the company providing digital currency transactions does not apply for such a license, it may lead to two years' imprisonment or a fine of aud105000. Australia austrac license features: its business scope can reflect the digital currency words, famous, high gold content, the cost is relatively low. Processing: provide a director's information (ID card) + provide a company name (need to help you register an Australian company first) + director's no criminal record certificate

in fact, the above three licenses are the three most popular digital currency licenses at present, and they all have one thing in common, with high reputation, high gold content and low cost, These three kinds of licenses are not only recognized by customers and investors, but also the three kinds of licenses that the trading platform competes to handle.

3.

Digital currency financial license generally refers to the license to operate digital currency related business in a certain country or region. Having a digital currency finance license means that the institution can conct business and derivative services related to digital currency in the place where it is issued. Such as the establishment of digital currency exchange, payment, digital currency financial derivatives and so on

the issuers of digital currency trading license are generally the National Central Bank and financial regulatory agencies, of course, the participation of legal departments is also very important. There are also great differences in the license application standards of various countries. Some countries and regions even need to apply for relevant securities, banks and funds licenses at the same time

most of the information about the current operation status of the exchange (if the exchange is currently operating) is prepared by lawyers ·

US MSB license, with low registration cost and fast application time, is the lowest application fee among the current financial licenses

we can apply for the following licenses: US MSB license, Canadian MSB license, US NFA license, Estonian MTR, UK FCA, Maltese license, Mauritian license, Singapore foundation, Singapore MAS financial supervision, blockchain license, digital currency supervision license, UAE FSRA license, Cyprus cysec license, Belize IFSC license New Zealand FSP and FMA license, Australian ASIC license, Swiss FINMA license, Seychelles FSA license, Cayman CIMA license and other global overseas regulatory licenses

4. At present, our country does not recognize digital currency as a kind of "turn a blind eye", which neither recognizes legality nor illegality. However, it is said that it seems to recognize the legality of digital currency now, because our country is also advocating its own digital currency

5.

Let's talk about the policy changes and application conditions of Estonian license since March 10, 2020:

Estonia is one of the first countries to issue ICO in the name of a country. Estonia licenses cryptocurrency transactions. Cryptocurrency operation is permitted by other payment instruments (since August 12, 2017, it is designated as "virtual value"), remember that it is legally permitted. On December 8, 2017, Estonia officially issued a cryptocurrency trading license

Estonia is one of the 28 member states of the European Union, and belongs to the European Union as well as Malta, where the currency is located. It is planned to issue a digital cryptocurrency endorsed by the state. More and more businessmen choose to carry out crypto trading in Estonia, and at the same time carry out many other continuity businesses here. Therefore, the number of encryption projects started in Estonia is increasing

6. It's a bit of a mystery, because you can't see the Miner you invested in, and you don't know what you g. To be more serious, the other party doesn't know whether the money you invested is going to buy the miner. Who will supervise the money? What will the other party do if it's a liar?

7. The full text centers on the main line of "I" and Susan's communication process, and the context is clear. I started to think that Susan is an omniscient elf living in the telephone. Just dial 105 to get her help. Then write "my" finger was hit by a hammer, in a hurry to dial the phone, got Susan's warm help, had a good impression on her. Then write "I" and Susan chat, Susan always listen to "I" voice with heart, patiently give "I" help and comfort, she became "I" never met the second mother. Finally, when I grew up, "I" used the opportunity to go back to my hometown to get in touch with Susan. On the eve of our appointment, Susan died of illness“ I miss her deeply.

8. Can you dig 10 a day? Upstairs bullshit
in the current global unified bitcoin computing difficulty (the value was updated to more than 3 billion yesterday), it will take about 10 days for a 600ghz / s mining machine to dig a bitcoin.

9. The Byzantine general problem, in my opinion, presents a wrong model. In other words, the wrong node can do anything (not limited by protocol), such as not responding, sending error messages, sending different decisions to different nodes, different wrong nodes unite to do bad things, and so on. In short, no node will have more serious errors

it is obvious that Byzantine error is the model of excessively pessimistic, because this kind of error is relatively rare in the actual environment. So why study this model? One of the simplest reasons is that if a consistency algorithm can ensure that the system is consistent when f Byzantine errors occur in the system, then this algorithm can also ensure that the system is consistent when f other errors occur

If an error model has an upper limit, it must have a lower limit (there is no model weaker than it). This lower bound is the "fail stop" model. The assumption of this model is: when a node fails, the node will stop running, and all other nodes know that the node has an error. Using the same logic, if a consistency algorithm can't guarantee consistency when f errors occur in the system, then the algorithm can't deal with other F problems

using these error models, we can compare different algorithms and discuss the cost of specific algorithms.