Who and digital currency
Publish: 2021-04-15 09:24:07
1. The United Nations has only 15 specialized agencies. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a permanent international organization independent of the United Nations and does not belong to the United Nations
15 specialized agencies of the United Nations:
1. World Bank
2. International Monetary Fund
3. World Health Organization
4. United Nations ecation Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 5, International Labor Organization (ILO) 6, food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 7, International Fund for agricultural development (IFAD) 8 International Maritime Organization (IMO)
9, World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
10, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
11, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
12, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
13 United Nations Instrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
14, Universal Postal Union (UPU)
15, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
15 specialized agencies of the United Nations:
1. World Bank
2. International Monetary Fund
3. World Health Organization
4. United Nations ecation Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 5, International Labor Organization (ILO) 6, food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 7, International Fund for agricultural development (IFAD) 8 International Maritime Organization (IMO)
9, World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
10, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
11, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
12, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
13 United Nations Instrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
14, Universal Postal Union (UPU)
15, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
2. The World Health Organization (who) is an international organization. In July 1946, who set up a preparatory meeting in New York and passed the WHO law. On April 7, 1948, the act was ratified by 26 member states of the United Nations and entered into force. On June 24 of the same year, who was officially established at the first World Health Assembly in Geneva, with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland
the Red Cross was founded by Swiss banker Henry Dunant. As a result, the Red Cross Society designated his birthday on May 8 as "World Red Cross Day", and the Red Cross almost became the symbol of totem, which was also turned over by the color of the national flag of his motherland Switzerland<
in 1859, Henry Dunant passed through Lombardy, Italy, and witnessed the tragic battle of the armies of Austria, France and Sardinia in Solferino. He found that the wounded soldiers were often neglected and the situation was miserable. So he published a book "a memory of Solferino / UN souvenir de Solferino" at his own expense in 1862, We hope to arouse the attention of the society and call on the masses to set up a non-governmental and neutral wounded soldier rescue organization< In 1863, Dunan, together with Gustave Moynier, Guillaume Henri Dufour, Louis Appai and Theodore maunoir, established the International Committee for the relief of the wounded, This is the origin of the International Red Cross movement.
the Red Cross was founded by Swiss banker Henry Dunant. As a result, the Red Cross Society designated his birthday on May 8 as "World Red Cross Day", and the Red Cross almost became the symbol of totem, which was also turned over by the color of the national flag of his motherland Switzerland<
in 1859, Henry Dunant passed through Lombardy, Italy, and witnessed the tragic battle of the armies of Austria, France and Sardinia in Solferino. He found that the wounded soldiers were often neglected and the situation was miserable. So he published a book "a memory of Solferino / UN souvenir de Solferino" at his own expense in 1862, We hope to arouse the attention of the society and call on the masses to set up a non-governmental and neutral wounded soldier rescue organization< In 1863, Dunan, together with Gustave Moynier, Guillaume Henri Dufour, Louis Appai and Theodore maunoir, established the International Committee for the relief of the wounded, This is the origin of the International Red Cross movement.
3. The World Health Organization's top ten health standards
1. New standards for physical and mental health
around the new concept of health, the World Health Organization summed up and summarized the experience in population practice, and put forward new standards for physical and mental health in 1999, namely "five fast" (body health) and "three good" (mental health)
"five fasts" specifically refer to:
fast eating, fast pulling, fast walking, fast speaking and fast sleeping
eating fast indicates good digestive function, good appetite, no pickiness, no anorexia, no partial appetite, and no wolfing
if you pull it fast, it means that it has a good absorption function. Once you feel comfortable, you can excrete it quickly and feel relaxed
walking fast indicates that motor function and nerve coordination function are good, walking light and walking freely
speaking fast means quick thinking, quick response and eloquence
fast sleep indicates that the excitation inhibition process of nervous system is well coordinated. When you go to bed, you will fall asleep quickly, sleep soundly, wake up full of energy and clear head
mental health "three good" refers to:
1. Good personality, emotional stability, mild personality, strong will, rich feelings, broad-minded, open-minded and optimistic
2. Good ability to deal with the world, observe the objective reality of the problem, have good self-control ability, can adapt to the complex social environment
3. Good interpersonal relationship, helpful, friendly and enthusiastic< How to measure a person's health, the World Health Organization (who) has set 10 health standards:
1
2. Optimistic, positive attitude, willing to take responsibility, big or small, not picky
3
4
5. It can resist common cold and infectious diseases
6. The body weight is appropriate, the body is symmetrical, and the position of head, shoulder and arm is coordinated when standing
7. The eyes are bright, quick to respond, and the eyelids are not easy to be inflamed
8. Clean teeth, no caries, no pain, normal gingival color, no bleeding
9. The hair is glossy without dandruff
10. The muscles are plump and the skin is elastic
these 10 standards specifically describe the definition of health, and reflect the three aspects of health: physical, psychological and social. First of all, the purpose of health is to make full use of energy to undertake social tasks, and not feel too nervous and tired of heavy work; Second, they emphasize mental health, show optimism, sense of responsibility and positive attitude towards society; Third, they should have a strong adaptability to various changes in the external environment (including the natural environment and social environment), so as to keep a perfect balance with various changes; Fourth, it puts forward the standards from several main aspects of physical fitness, such as weight (proper weight can show good and reasonable nutritional status), figure, eyes, teeth, muscles and so on< How to measure mental health and its level is an important and complex task. The following is the definition of mental health standard in the authoritative concise British network book. The definition of mental health in this book is: it refers to the best state that an indivial's mind can achieve within the scope of its own and environmental conditions, but it does not refer to the absolute perfect state
the specific criteria of mental health are: (1) normal cognitive process and normal intelligence 2) The mood is stable, optimistic and comfortable 3) Strong willed, with purpose, plan, step and method, able to overcome difficulties and achieve goals 4) Healthy personality, normal personality, ability, values, etc 5) Develop healthy habits and behaviors without bad behaviors 6) Energetic to adapt to society, good interpersonal relationship
it should be pointed out that the boundary between mental health and non mental health is relative, and there is no fixed and universally applicable absolute standard. The existing standards for measuring mental health will also change with the changes of the times and the differences of social culture. However, the following three principles can be followed in judging mental health:
(L) the identity of psychology and environment. Psychology is the reflection of objective reality. Any normal psychological activities and behaviors, no matter in form or content, should be consistent with the objective environment, that is, identity. It is difficult to understand a person's psychology if it loses its identity with the external environment. For example, in the state of hallucination, people's psychological activities can not be regarded as normal< (2) the unity of psychology and behavior. A person's cognition, emotion, will and behavior should be a complete and coordinated unity. This integrity is the psychological basis to ensure that indivials have good social function and carry out activities effectively. For example, when a person encounters a fortunate event, if there is no external pressure or other plans, he should have a pleasant emotional experience and corresponding expression while perceiving it, and express it in a cheerful tone and behavior. If this person tells this pleasant thing in a low and unpleasant tone, and makes a painful reaction, then his psychology is in an unhealthy abnormal state< (3) the stability of personality. Personality (personality) is a unique psychological characteristic formed in the long-term life of an indivial. Once formed, personality (personality) has relative stability and shows its uniqueness in all life. In the absence of major changes, personality (personality) is not easy to change. If one is bright. An optimistic and extrovert person suddenly becomes ll, pessimistic and introverted, which indicates that his psychology and behavior have deviated from the normal track. Therefore, it is necessary to be alert whether he is abnormal< Four, three signs of mental health. One of the important signs of mental health is to be full of love and yearning for life, and to feel that life is full of fun. This kind of enthusiasm for life is not only manifested in active work and diligent study, but also in paying attention to body-building exercise and face modification
the second sign of mental health is emotional stability, that is, no matter what kind of adversity you face or what kind of blow you suffer, you can maintain a happy mood, full of energy and upward vigor
the third sign of mental health is strong adaptability. Whether living in a noisy city or in a remote mountainous area; Whether it's sitting in the office, or working in the fields or factories, it can quickly adjust the rhythm of life according to the changes of the environment, so that the body can quickly adapt to the needs of the new environment. In this way, it will not bring adverse effects on health< 5. The standard of mental health of middle-aged and old people
1. Good feeling and perception
2. Good memory
3. Sound and agile thinking
4. Rich imagination
5. Moderate emotional response
6. Persistent learning ability
7. Harmonious interpersonal relationship
8. Self knowledge
6 Who's standard for healthy old people
1. Full of energy, able to take on the daily heavy work leisurely
2. Optimistic, positive attitude, willing to take responsibility
3. Good at rest and good sleep
4. Strong adaptability to various changes in the environment< It can resist common cold and infectious diseases
6. Moderate weight, symmetrical body, head, shoulder and arm position coordination when standing
7. The eyes are bright and responsive, and the eyes and eyelids are not luminous
8. Clean teeth, no caries, no pain, no bleeding
9. The hair is glossy without dandruff
10. The muscles are plump and the skin is elastic< The World Health Organization (who) has also put forward a multi-dimensional evaluation of the health standards for the elderly, including five aspects:
1. Mental health. The old people must have a good psychology, peace of mind, tolerance, avoid anxiety, suspicion. Moisten everything around you with love
2. Physical health. This is what we usually call health. The common diseases of the elderly are hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Therefore, the elderly must exercise regularly to ensure a healthy body
3. The ability of daily life. That is, the ability of self-care in life, including the ability to take care of themselves and manage their own homes
4. Social health. It includes interpersonal relationship, community participation, relationship with children, etc
5. Economic situation. Nowadays, some of the old people live on pension or pension, and some of them are supported by their children. If the elderly are financially independent, they will have more confidence in life and better entertainment
in a word, to be a healthy old man, we should learn to keep quiet with movement, supplement with vegetarianism, and take tolerance as the criterion, so as to keep up with the times in all aspects of life and be a healthy old man< 7. Modern evaluation criteria for the health of the elderly
what is a healthy old man? Is a healthy old man without bending back and pain
according to the definition of health by the World Health Organization, social medicine experts believe that the health evaluation of the elderly should include the following four aspects:
activities of daily living: first of all, they can take care of themselves, such as bathing, dressing, eating and so on, and do not need to be supervised by others. Of course, it also includes the elderly's ability to manage housework, such as making phone calls, shopping, taking care of their own economy, doing some housework and so on
mental health: mainly refers to the absence of mental disorders and mental symptoms. Due to the biological changes in the nervous system of the elderly, the speed of information processing slows down, the cognitive function will decline in varying degrees, and they are prone to psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, obstinacy, suspicion, selfishness and paranoia
physical health: traditional health refers to physical health. Poor physical health can be manifested as a variety of organic diseases and symptoms, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, tracheitis, diabetes and cancer
social health refers to the quantity and quality of indivial interpersonal relationship and the degree of social participation. Such as family living conditions, marital status, relations with relatives, friends and neighbors, relations with social organizations, occupational status and so on. If an old man stays at home alone for a long time, doesn't deal with people, and can't participate in society, he can't be regarded as a comprehensive healthy person< With the improvement of people's living standards, people's life expectancy is also extending, the number of the elderly in China has increased significantly, and many cities have entered an aging society. The old people all hope to have a healthy body to ensure their quality of life in old age. So, what is the standard of healthy old people
the geriatric branch of Chinese Medical Association has formulated and revised the standard of healthy elderly in China according to the requirements of the transformation of medical model from biomedical model to social psychological biomedical model. The specific criteria are as follows:
(1) there is no obvious deformity of trunk, no obvious hunchback and other bad body shape, and the bone and joint activities are basically normal
1. New standards for physical and mental health
around the new concept of health, the World Health Organization summed up and summarized the experience in population practice, and put forward new standards for physical and mental health in 1999, namely "five fast" (body health) and "three good" (mental health)
"five fasts" specifically refer to:
fast eating, fast pulling, fast walking, fast speaking and fast sleeping
eating fast indicates good digestive function, good appetite, no pickiness, no anorexia, no partial appetite, and no wolfing
if you pull it fast, it means that it has a good absorption function. Once you feel comfortable, you can excrete it quickly and feel relaxed
walking fast indicates that motor function and nerve coordination function are good, walking light and walking freely
speaking fast means quick thinking, quick response and eloquence
fast sleep indicates that the excitation inhibition process of nervous system is well coordinated. When you go to bed, you will fall asleep quickly, sleep soundly, wake up full of energy and clear head
mental health "three good" refers to:
1. Good personality, emotional stability, mild personality, strong will, rich feelings, broad-minded, open-minded and optimistic
2. Good ability to deal with the world, observe the objective reality of the problem, have good self-control ability, can adapt to the complex social environment
3. Good interpersonal relationship, helpful, friendly and enthusiastic< How to measure a person's health, the World Health Organization (who) has set 10 health standards:
1
2. Optimistic, positive attitude, willing to take responsibility, big or small, not picky
3
4
5. It can resist common cold and infectious diseases
6. The body weight is appropriate, the body is symmetrical, and the position of head, shoulder and arm is coordinated when standing
7. The eyes are bright, quick to respond, and the eyelids are not easy to be inflamed
8. Clean teeth, no caries, no pain, normal gingival color, no bleeding
9. The hair is glossy without dandruff
10. The muscles are plump and the skin is elastic
these 10 standards specifically describe the definition of health, and reflect the three aspects of health: physical, psychological and social. First of all, the purpose of health is to make full use of energy to undertake social tasks, and not feel too nervous and tired of heavy work; Second, they emphasize mental health, show optimism, sense of responsibility and positive attitude towards society; Third, they should have a strong adaptability to various changes in the external environment (including the natural environment and social environment), so as to keep a perfect balance with various changes; Fourth, it puts forward the standards from several main aspects of physical fitness, such as weight (proper weight can show good and reasonable nutritional status), figure, eyes, teeth, muscles and so on< How to measure mental health and its level is an important and complex task. The following is the definition of mental health standard in the authoritative concise British network book. The definition of mental health in this book is: it refers to the best state that an indivial's mind can achieve within the scope of its own and environmental conditions, but it does not refer to the absolute perfect state
the specific criteria of mental health are: (1) normal cognitive process and normal intelligence 2) The mood is stable, optimistic and comfortable 3) Strong willed, with purpose, plan, step and method, able to overcome difficulties and achieve goals 4) Healthy personality, normal personality, ability, values, etc 5) Develop healthy habits and behaviors without bad behaviors 6) Energetic to adapt to society, good interpersonal relationship
it should be pointed out that the boundary between mental health and non mental health is relative, and there is no fixed and universally applicable absolute standard. The existing standards for measuring mental health will also change with the changes of the times and the differences of social culture. However, the following three principles can be followed in judging mental health:
(L) the identity of psychology and environment. Psychology is the reflection of objective reality. Any normal psychological activities and behaviors, no matter in form or content, should be consistent with the objective environment, that is, identity. It is difficult to understand a person's psychology if it loses its identity with the external environment. For example, in the state of hallucination, people's psychological activities can not be regarded as normal< (2) the unity of psychology and behavior. A person's cognition, emotion, will and behavior should be a complete and coordinated unity. This integrity is the psychological basis to ensure that indivials have good social function and carry out activities effectively. For example, when a person encounters a fortunate event, if there is no external pressure or other plans, he should have a pleasant emotional experience and corresponding expression while perceiving it, and express it in a cheerful tone and behavior. If this person tells this pleasant thing in a low and unpleasant tone, and makes a painful reaction, then his psychology is in an unhealthy abnormal state< (3) the stability of personality. Personality (personality) is a unique psychological characteristic formed in the long-term life of an indivial. Once formed, personality (personality) has relative stability and shows its uniqueness in all life. In the absence of major changes, personality (personality) is not easy to change. If one is bright. An optimistic and extrovert person suddenly becomes ll, pessimistic and introverted, which indicates that his psychology and behavior have deviated from the normal track. Therefore, it is necessary to be alert whether he is abnormal< Four, three signs of mental health. One of the important signs of mental health is to be full of love and yearning for life, and to feel that life is full of fun. This kind of enthusiasm for life is not only manifested in active work and diligent study, but also in paying attention to body-building exercise and face modification
the second sign of mental health is emotional stability, that is, no matter what kind of adversity you face or what kind of blow you suffer, you can maintain a happy mood, full of energy and upward vigor
the third sign of mental health is strong adaptability. Whether living in a noisy city or in a remote mountainous area; Whether it's sitting in the office, or working in the fields or factories, it can quickly adjust the rhythm of life according to the changes of the environment, so that the body can quickly adapt to the needs of the new environment. In this way, it will not bring adverse effects on health< 5. The standard of mental health of middle-aged and old people
1. Good feeling and perception
2. Good memory
3. Sound and agile thinking
4. Rich imagination
5. Moderate emotional response
6. Persistent learning ability
7. Harmonious interpersonal relationship
8. Self knowledge
6 Who's standard for healthy old people
1. Full of energy, able to take on the daily heavy work leisurely
2. Optimistic, positive attitude, willing to take responsibility
3. Good at rest and good sleep
4. Strong adaptability to various changes in the environment< It can resist common cold and infectious diseases
6. Moderate weight, symmetrical body, head, shoulder and arm position coordination when standing
7. The eyes are bright and responsive, and the eyes and eyelids are not luminous
8. Clean teeth, no caries, no pain, no bleeding
9. The hair is glossy without dandruff
10. The muscles are plump and the skin is elastic< The World Health Organization (who) has also put forward a multi-dimensional evaluation of the health standards for the elderly, including five aspects:
1. Mental health. The old people must have a good psychology, peace of mind, tolerance, avoid anxiety, suspicion. Moisten everything around you with love
2. Physical health. This is what we usually call health. The common diseases of the elderly are hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Therefore, the elderly must exercise regularly to ensure a healthy body
3. The ability of daily life. That is, the ability of self-care in life, including the ability to take care of themselves and manage their own homes
4. Social health. It includes interpersonal relationship, community participation, relationship with children, etc
5. Economic situation. Nowadays, some of the old people live on pension or pension, and some of them are supported by their children. If the elderly are financially independent, they will have more confidence in life and better entertainment
in a word, to be a healthy old man, we should learn to keep quiet with movement, supplement with vegetarianism, and take tolerance as the criterion, so as to keep up with the times in all aspects of life and be a healthy old man< 7. Modern evaluation criteria for the health of the elderly
what is a healthy old man? Is a healthy old man without bending back and pain
according to the definition of health by the World Health Organization, social medicine experts believe that the health evaluation of the elderly should include the following four aspects:
activities of daily living: first of all, they can take care of themselves, such as bathing, dressing, eating and so on, and do not need to be supervised by others. Of course, it also includes the elderly's ability to manage housework, such as making phone calls, shopping, taking care of their own economy, doing some housework and so on
mental health: mainly refers to the absence of mental disorders and mental symptoms. Due to the biological changes in the nervous system of the elderly, the speed of information processing slows down, the cognitive function will decline in varying degrees, and they are prone to psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, obstinacy, suspicion, selfishness and paranoia
physical health: traditional health refers to physical health. Poor physical health can be manifested as a variety of organic diseases and symptoms, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, tracheitis, diabetes and cancer
social health refers to the quantity and quality of indivial interpersonal relationship and the degree of social participation. Such as family living conditions, marital status, relations with relatives, friends and neighbors, relations with social organizations, occupational status and so on. If an old man stays at home alone for a long time, doesn't deal with people, and can't participate in society, he can't be regarded as a comprehensive healthy person< With the improvement of people's living standards, people's life expectancy is also extending, the number of the elderly in China has increased significantly, and many cities have entered an aging society. The old people all hope to have a healthy body to ensure their quality of life in old age. So, what is the standard of healthy old people
the geriatric branch of Chinese Medical Association has formulated and revised the standard of healthy elderly in China according to the requirements of the transformation of medical model from biomedical model to social psychological biomedical model. The specific criteria are as follows:
(1) there is no obvious deformity of trunk, no obvious hunchback and other bad body shape, and the bone and joint activities are basically normal
4. According to the report of the World Health Organization, health = 15% genetic factors + 10% social factors + 8% medical conditions + 7% climatic conditions + 60% self-care
standard of health
eating fast: having a good appetite when eating, and being able to finish a meal quickly without fussing about food, which proves that the visceral function is normal
quick defecation: once there is a sense of defecation, it can quickly excrete and defecate, and feel relaxed and comfortable. It has a good feeling in spirit, indicating that the gastrointestinal function is good
fast sleep: go to bed quickly, sleep deeply, wake up energetic and clear headed
speak fast: speak correctly and fluently. It means clear mind, quick thinking, sufficient middle Qi and normal heart and lung function
go fast: move freely and change quickly. It proved to be energetic
good personality: mild personality, strong will, rich feelings, broad mind and optimistic mood
good ability to deal with life: to see the objective reality of the problem, to have the ability of self-control, to adapt to the complex social environment, to keep a good mood for the changes of things, to keep the balance between the external environment and the internal environment of the society
good interpersonal relationship: be generous and kind in dealing with people, do not care too much, help others and be kind to others
moderate exercise: exercise can change the chemical composition of blood, which is beneficial to prevent arteriosclerosis. Protect blood and maintain the health of cardiovascular system. To often participate in enrance based sports, such as running, ball games, mountaineering, etc.
standard of health
eating fast: having a good appetite when eating, and being able to finish a meal quickly without fussing about food, which proves that the visceral function is normal
quick defecation: once there is a sense of defecation, it can quickly excrete and defecate, and feel relaxed and comfortable. It has a good feeling in spirit, indicating that the gastrointestinal function is good
fast sleep: go to bed quickly, sleep deeply, wake up energetic and clear headed
speak fast: speak correctly and fluently. It means clear mind, quick thinking, sufficient middle Qi and normal heart and lung function
go fast: move freely and change quickly. It proved to be energetic
good personality: mild personality, strong will, rich feelings, broad mind and optimistic mood
good ability to deal with life: to see the objective reality of the problem, to have the ability of self-control, to adapt to the complex social environment, to keep a good mood for the changes of things, to keep the balance between the external environment and the internal environment of the society
good interpersonal relationship: be generous and kind in dealing with people, do not care too much, help others and be kind to others
moderate exercise: exercise can change the chemical composition of blood, which is beneficial to prevent arteriosclerosis. Protect blood and maintain the health of cardiovascular system. To often participate in enrance based sports, such as running, ball games, mountaineering, etc.
5.
There is no & lt; Epidemic area & quot; Because of the implication of discrimination and insult, who has no right to define any country as & lt; Epidemic areas;, This is not only insulting and discriminating, but also likely to affect the fate of a country, especially those that are already backward. If a country is defined as an epidemic area, other countries will definitely cut off the routes connected with it, affecting the exchanges and cooperation in foreign trade, tourism, culture and other fields, which will affect the economy in the final analysis. WHO, as the official organ of the United Nations, is unlikely to say such irresponsible remarks. The current definition of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization is a public health event, while the expression to the United States is only &ldquo. The countries with the most serious outbreaks
three, the United States is the world's largest economic power and the largest consumer country in the world. If the United States is set as an epidemic area, it will not only affect the economy of the United States, but also affect the economies of all countries in the world, and not define the United States as an epidemic area, so as to rece the impact of New Coronavirus epidemic on the world economy. It is also a confidence in the United States. I hope the United States can find a way to restrain COVID-19 as soon as possible. p>
6.
Meaning:
the emblem of the World Health Organization is a sphere of five continents. On the map, the needle passes through the snake and encircles the olive leaf. In ancient Greek legend, the snake was used to cure diseases, and the needle symbolized the miracle doctor“ Snake wrapped around walking stick - as the symbol and emblem of medicine, it is called "snake emblem". The snake on the scepter is the symbol of medicine and health, while the scepter and a pair of wings are the symbol of peace
for a long time, the scepter coiled by snake is the symbol of medicine and medical circles. It originated from the story of escolapios, which was worshipped as the God of medicine by the ancient Greeks, and its worship involved the use of snakes. Greece is the birthplace of the snake emblem, from ancient times to the present, the snake emblem all over Greece. In modern times, the United States, Britain, Canada, Germany and the United Nations World Health Organization all used the snake emblem as their medical symbol
extended materials:
related myths and legends
snake and Scepter are in memory of Asclepius, the great doctor. Asclepius was the son of Apollo, the sun god. Asclepius learned medical skills from Cheron, but Zeus, the king of the gods, worried that Asclepius' profound medical knowledge would make everyone immortal. In order to avoid this, Zeus killed Asclepius with lightning
After that, people worshipped Asclepius as one of the gods, and gathered in his temple to rest and sleep. The people believed that the secret recipe could be passed on to the patients in their sleep, so that they could recover immediately. In view of the people's belief in Asclepius, Zeus finally had to revive Asclepius and officially canonize him as a Godbecause Asclepius usually appears in front of the public in a standing posture, wearing a robe and holding a scepter with a snake winding around it, the scepter becomes the only symbol of medicine
7. The World Health Organization (who) is a specialized agency under the United Nations. Its predecessor can be traced back to the international public health agency (IPA) established in Paris in 1907 and the League of Nations (who) established in Geneva in 1920. After the war, by the decision of the UN Economic and Social Council, representatives of 64 countries held an international health conference in New York in July 1946 and signed the constitution of the World Health Organization. On April 7, 1948, the law came into force after being approved by 26 member states of the United Nations, and the World Health Organization was established. April 7 of every year becomes the global "World Health Day". On June 24 of the same year, who was officially established at the first World Health Assembly in Geneva, with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of the World Health Organization is to enable people all over the world to obtain the highest possible level of health. The organization defines health as "the perfect state of physical, mental and social life.". The main functions of who include: promoting the prevention and treatment of epidemics and endemic diseases; Provide and improve teaching and training in public health, disease treatment and related matters; Promote the determination of international standards for biological procts. As of May 2009, who has 193 member states. Who is the steering and coordinating body for health issues within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership in global health affairs, developing health research agendas, developing norms and standards, clarifying evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries, and monitoring and assessing health trends.
8. The World Health Organization (who) is a specialized agency under the United Nations, and only sovereign states can participate. Its predecessor can be traced back to the establishment of the international public health agency in Paris in 1907 and the League of Nations health organization in Geneva in 1920. After the war, by the decision of the UN Economic and Social Council, representatives of 64 countries held an international health conference in New York in July 1946 and signed the constitution of the World Health Organization. On April 7, 1948, the law came into force after being approved by 26 member states of the United Nations, and the World Health Organization was established. April 7 of every year becomes the global "World Health Day". On June 24 of the same year, the World Health Organization (who) was officially established at the first World Health Assembly held in Geneva. Its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland. In 2007, Ms. Margaret Chan officially took the post of director general of the World Health Organization
the purpose of who is to enable people all over the world to obtain the highest possible level of health. The organization defines health as "the perfect state of physical, mental and social life.". The main functions of who include: promoting the prevention and treatment of epidemics and endemic diseases; Provide and improve teaching and training in public health, disease treatment and related matters; Promote the determination of international standards for biological procts. As of May 2005, who has 192 Member countries
the world health assembly is the highest authority of who, which is held once a year. The main tasks are to consider the director general's work report, plan the budget, admit new members and discuss other important issues. The executive committee is the executive body of the World Health Assembly. It is responsible for implementing the resolutions, policies and tasks of the assembly. It is composed of 32 qualified technical experts in the field of health. Each member is selected by its member country and approved by the World Health Assembly. Its term of office is three years and one third of the members are re elected every year. According to the gentleman's agreement of the World Health Organization, the five permanent members of the UN Security Council are inevitable executive members, but their seats will be vacant for one year after the third year. The Secretariat of the permanent establishment has six regional offices in Africa, America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and Western Pacific
China is one of the founders of who. The "Declaration on the establishment of an international health organization" submitted by the representatives of China and Brazil at the UN Conference on international organizations held in San Francisco from April 25 to June 26, 1945 laid the foundation for the establishment of the World Health Organization. On May 10, 1972, the 25th World Health Assembly adopted a resolution restoring China's legal seat in the World Health Organization. Since then, China has attended all previous conferences and regional committee meetings of the organization, and was elected as a member of the Executive Committee, and signed a memoranm and basic agreement on health technology cooperation with the organization. In October 1978, the Chinese Minister of health and the director general of the organization signed the "memoranm of understanding on health technology cooperation" in Beijing, which is a milestone in the history of friendly cooperation between the two sides. In 1981, the organization set up a representative office in Beijing. In 1991, Chen minzhang, Minister of health of China, was awarded the gold medal of "health care for all" by who. He is the first health minister in the world to be awarded this award
who member states
all UN member states that accept the WHO charter can become members of the organization. Other countries can become members of the World Health Organization after their applications are voted by the World Health Assembly. If a region is unable to take responsibility in international relations affairs, it can enter the World Health Organization as a preparatory member according to the application made by the member states of the world health organization or other authorities that can take responsibility for the region's international relations and based on the region's own interests. Who members are distributed by Region (there are now 192)
Africa Regional Office (ARFO)
Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ethiopia, Garner, Guinea pigs, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Office for the Americas (PAHO)
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Granada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaraguan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico (reserve member), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Suriname, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela
Southeast Asia Regional Office (seoro)
People's Republic of Bangladesh, Bhutan, people's Democratic Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand
European Regional Office (Euro)
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerjan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, latovia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Republic of Moldova, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. Observer for non member states: Holy See, Lichtenstein
Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (emro)
Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, libian Arab janahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO)
Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau islands, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, South Korea,, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tokelau (probationary member), Kingdom of Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa<
who publications
the main publications are: who monthly, 6 issues a year, in English, French, Arabic and Russian Weekly report of epidemic situation, English and French World Health Statistics, quarterly, English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Russian and Western languages World Health, monthly, English, French, Russian, Spanish, German, Portuguese and Arabic< The work plan of who is divided into medium-term plan and annual plan. Who funding sources:
· membership es paid by Member States constitute & quot; Normal budget & quot
· funds provided by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the voluntary fund for the promotion of organizations, UNICEF, the drug abuse control fund, UNEP, emergency activities, the office of the High Commissioner for refugees, the disaster relief agency, the world bank, etc
· other income<
the history of World Health Organization and international public health cooperation
· cholera swept Europe in 1830
· the first international health conference was held in Paris in 1851. The purpose was to formulate international health conventions, but it was not successful< The 1892 International Health Convention for the control of cholera was adopted
· 1897 another international convention, the preventive approach to plague, was adopted
· 1902 IHA, later renamed Pan American Health Bureau, later Pan American Health Organization, was established in Washington. It is the predecessor of today's Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the regional office for the Americas of the World Health Organization< In 1907, the International Office of public health (oihp) was established in Paris with a stable Secretariat and a stable committee composed of senior public health officials from member governments
· in 1919, the alliance was established to deal with the disease prevention and control issues of international concern among other tasks. The Allied Health Organization was established in Geneva, parallel to oihp< In 1926, the prevention of smallpox and typhus was included in the international health convention
· 1935 aviation international health convention came into force< The last international health conference was held in Paris in 1938. In Conseil, Alexandria, health and maritime quarantine were transferred to Egypt Who's office for the eastern Mediterranean region is a direct descendant of who< At the UN Conference on international organizations held in 1945, Brazil and China unanimously agreed to establish a new autonomous International Health Organization< In 1946, the international health conference in New York adopted the Charter of the World Health Organization (who)
· in 1947, the WHO Commission organized a trip to Egypt to help curb the cholera epidemic< On April 7, 1948, when the 26th member of the 61 Member States signed the endorsement signature, the WHO charter came into force on April 7 (now the annual World Health Day). Later, the first World Health Assembly was held in Geneva with the participation of 53 government representatives and later became a member of the organization
· the text of the new international health regulations in 1951 was adopted by the fourth World Health Assembly to replace the previous international health convention< In 1969, these renamed international health regulations eliminated tick borne typhus and relapsing fever, and only retained cholera, plague, smallpox and yellow fever< In 1973, the report from the Executive Committee showed that there was widespread dissatisfaction with health services and fundamental changes needed to be made. The 26th World Health Assembly decided that who will cooperate with its member countries rather than help them to develop practical guidelines for national health care system< In 1974, who initiated an expanded immunization program to protect children from polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and tuberculosis< The 30th World Congress of 1977
the purpose of who is to enable people all over the world to obtain the highest possible level of health. The organization defines health as "the perfect state of physical, mental and social life.". The main functions of who include: promoting the prevention and treatment of epidemics and endemic diseases; Provide and improve teaching and training in public health, disease treatment and related matters; Promote the determination of international standards for biological procts. As of May 2005, who has 192 Member countries
the world health assembly is the highest authority of who, which is held once a year. The main tasks are to consider the director general's work report, plan the budget, admit new members and discuss other important issues. The executive committee is the executive body of the World Health Assembly. It is responsible for implementing the resolutions, policies and tasks of the assembly. It is composed of 32 qualified technical experts in the field of health. Each member is selected by its member country and approved by the World Health Assembly. Its term of office is three years and one third of the members are re elected every year. According to the gentleman's agreement of the World Health Organization, the five permanent members of the UN Security Council are inevitable executive members, but their seats will be vacant for one year after the third year. The Secretariat of the permanent establishment has six regional offices in Africa, America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and Western Pacific
China is one of the founders of who. The "Declaration on the establishment of an international health organization" submitted by the representatives of China and Brazil at the UN Conference on international organizations held in San Francisco from April 25 to June 26, 1945 laid the foundation for the establishment of the World Health Organization. On May 10, 1972, the 25th World Health Assembly adopted a resolution restoring China's legal seat in the World Health Organization. Since then, China has attended all previous conferences and regional committee meetings of the organization, and was elected as a member of the Executive Committee, and signed a memoranm and basic agreement on health technology cooperation with the organization. In October 1978, the Chinese Minister of health and the director general of the organization signed the "memoranm of understanding on health technology cooperation" in Beijing, which is a milestone in the history of friendly cooperation between the two sides. In 1981, the organization set up a representative office in Beijing. In 1991, Chen minzhang, Minister of health of China, was awarded the gold medal of "health care for all" by who. He is the first health minister in the world to be awarded this award
who member states
all UN member states that accept the WHO charter can become members of the organization. Other countries can become members of the World Health Organization after their applications are voted by the World Health Assembly. If a region is unable to take responsibility in international relations affairs, it can enter the World Health Organization as a preparatory member according to the application made by the member states of the world health organization or other authorities that can take responsibility for the region's international relations and based on the region's own interests. Who members are distributed by Region (there are now 192)
Africa Regional Office (ARFO)
Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ethiopia, Garner, Guinea pigs, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Office for the Americas (PAHO)
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Granada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaraguan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico (reserve member), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Suriname, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela
Southeast Asia Regional Office (seoro)
People's Republic of Bangladesh, Bhutan, people's Democratic Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand
European Regional Office (Euro)
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerjan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, latovia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Republic of Moldova, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia. Observer for non member states: Holy See, Lichtenstein
Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (emro)
Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, libian Arab janahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO)
Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau islands, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, South Korea,, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tokelau (probationary member), Kingdom of Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa<
who publications
the main publications are: who monthly, 6 issues a year, in English, French, Arabic and Russian Weekly report of epidemic situation, English and French World Health Statistics, quarterly, English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Russian and Western languages World Health, monthly, English, French, Russian, Spanish, German, Portuguese and Arabic< The work plan of who is divided into medium-term plan and annual plan. Who funding sources:
· membership es paid by Member States constitute & quot; Normal budget & quot
· funds provided by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the voluntary fund for the promotion of organizations, UNICEF, the drug abuse control fund, UNEP, emergency activities, the office of the High Commissioner for refugees, the disaster relief agency, the world bank, etc
· other income<
the history of World Health Organization and international public health cooperation
· cholera swept Europe in 1830
· the first international health conference was held in Paris in 1851. The purpose was to formulate international health conventions, but it was not successful< The 1892 International Health Convention for the control of cholera was adopted
· 1897 another international convention, the preventive approach to plague, was adopted
· 1902 IHA, later renamed Pan American Health Bureau, later Pan American Health Organization, was established in Washington. It is the predecessor of today's Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the regional office for the Americas of the World Health Organization< In 1907, the International Office of public health (oihp) was established in Paris with a stable Secretariat and a stable committee composed of senior public health officials from member governments
· in 1919, the alliance was established to deal with the disease prevention and control issues of international concern among other tasks. The Allied Health Organization was established in Geneva, parallel to oihp< In 1926, the prevention of smallpox and typhus was included in the international health convention
· 1935 aviation international health convention came into force< The last international health conference was held in Paris in 1938. In Conseil, Alexandria, health and maritime quarantine were transferred to Egypt Who's office for the eastern Mediterranean region is a direct descendant of who< At the UN Conference on international organizations held in 1945, Brazil and China unanimously agreed to establish a new autonomous International Health Organization< In 1946, the international health conference in New York adopted the Charter of the World Health Organization (who)
· in 1947, the WHO Commission organized a trip to Egypt to help curb the cholera epidemic< On April 7, 1948, when the 26th member of the 61 Member States signed the endorsement signature, the WHO charter came into force on April 7 (now the annual World Health Day). Later, the first World Health Assembly was held in Geneva with the participation of 53 government representatives and later became a member of the organization
· the text of the new international health regulations in 1951 was adopted by the fourth World Health Assembly to replace the previous international health convention< In 1969, these renamed international health regulations eliminated tick borne typhus and relapsing fever, and only retained cholera, plague, smallpox and yellow fever< In 1973, the report from the Executive Committee showed that there was widespread dissatisfaction with health services and fundamental changes needed to be made. The 26th World Health Assembly decided that who will cooperate with its member countries rather than help them to develop practical guidelines for national health care system< In 1974, who initiated an expanded immunization program to protect children from polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and tuberculosis< The 30th World Congress of 1977
9. The influenza pandemic warning issued by the World Health Organization (who) is divided into six levels:
Level 1: the virus is transmitted among animals, but there is no human infection
Level 2: an animal influenza virus is known to cause infection in humans, so it is considered as a potential pandemic threat< Grade 3: sporadic or small-scale human infection caused by animal influenza virus or recombinant virus of animal and human influenza, but the human to human infection is not enough to cause community infection
Level 4: human to human transmission caused by animal influenza virus or recombinant virus of animal and human influenza is enough to cause community transmission. The risk of pandemic surged. The focus is to control the spread of the virus< Grade 5: human to human transmission spread to at least two countries in the same area. A strong indication of an impending pandemic< Grade 6: pandemic. Human to human transmission of the virus, spread in the same region, at least in two countries, and spread to another country in the same region.
Level 1: the virus is transmitted among animals, but there is no human infection
Level 2: an animal influenza virus is known to cause infection in humans, so it is considered as a potential pandemic threat< Grade 3: sporadic or small-scale human infection caused by animal influenza virus or recombinant virus of animal and human influenza, but the human to human infection is not enough to cause community infection
Level 4: human to human transmission caused by animal influenza virus or recombinant virus of animal and human influenza is enough to cause community transmission. The risk of pandemic surged. The focus is to control the spread of the virus< Grade 5: human to human transmission spread to at least two countries in the same area. A strong indication of an impending pandemic< Grade 6: pandemic. Human to human transmission of the virus, spread in the same region, at least in two countries, and spread to another country in the same region.
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