Digital currency 200
Publish: 2021-04-15 23:02:34
1. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open source P2P software. digital currency is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin is also paraphrased as "bitcoin.". Short for: BTC
bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
bitcoin is very similar to cash
the advantages of bitcoin are: no freezing, no tracking, no taxes, and extremely low transaction costs. Compared with people who speculate in currency, it is wealth, and people outside the currency circle may think it is a fraud
bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcash, EOS, REBO, etc. are the mainstream digital currencies, which can be properly invested. All transactions have risks. You can invest cautiously. You can search online for fire coin, coin security, OK, dobby trading platforms, etc. all of which can trade bitcoin. These are relatively large trading platforms, investing in mainstream digital currencies, and Don't invest in counterfeit money or air money.
bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
bitcoin is very similar to cash
the advantages of bitcoin are: no freezing, no tracking, no taxes, and extremely low transaction costs. Compared with people who speculate in currency, it is wealth, and people outside the currency circle may think it is a fraud
bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcash, EOS, REBO, etc. are the mainstream digital currencies, which can be properly invested. All transactions have risks. You can invest cautiously. You can search online for fire coin, coin security, OK, dobby trading platforms, etc. all of which can trade bitcoin. These are relatively large trading platforms, investing in mainstream digital currencies, and Don't invest in counterfeit money or air money.
2.
Generally, the excellent digital currencies are mostly imported procts, such as bitcoin, Leyte coin, ether coin and so on. However, the domestic Yuanbao coin, Ruitai coin, bitcoin and the tokens of different crowdfunding projects of European crowdfunding are excellent digital currencies
digital currency (English: digital currency) is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. At present, no central bank of any government has indicated that it will issue digital currency, and digital currency does not have to have a benchmark currency and a central bank
it is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography
3. I can't give you an accurate answer to this question because digital currency covers too many aspects. There is also the possibility that many new cryptocurrencies are born or die every day. Now the world's more well-known digital currencies are bitcoin, dogcoin, Leyte coin, bitstock, reborn coin, Yuanbao coin, Diandian coin and so on. It is said that Ecuador, a small South American country, recently created its own official cryptocurrency
according to incomplete statistics, more than 200 counterfeit coins have been proced since 2014, and more than 100 have survived. The life cycle of Shanzhai coin is generally about 2-3 months. Because the purpose of some Shanzhai coins is to earn money without any innovation. When the price is high enough, the makers will sell a lot to cash out. Without the support of the makers, this kind of counterfeit money will eventually die.
according to incomplete statistics, more than 200 counterfeit coins have been proced since 2014, and more than 100 have survived. The life cycle of Shanzhai coin is generally about 2-3 months. Because the purpose of some Shanzhai coins is to earn money without any innovation. When the price is high enough, the makers will sell a lot to cash out. Without the support of the makers, this kind of counterfeit money will eventually die.
4. The calculation force obtained is that of URU
5. The overall framework of e-government issued by the state information leading office is of great significance to the promotion of the national overall e-government project. The introction of the document points out the direction for the further implementation of the e-government project. The document especially emphasizes the important role of the exchange and sharing of government information resources, It is clear that the construction of information resource exchange and sharing mechanism is an important support system for the overall e-government project
from the construction experience of a large number of information exchange and sharing projects, it is very important to determine the objectives of the information exchange and sharing project. All parties of the project construction should first reach a consensus on the following key issues of success:
· the problem of sharing and exchanging information service objects
· the service mode that different service objects should adopt
· storage and unified management of shared information
· scientific analysis of the sources of information
· related information technology standards and management standards
· principles for the design and construction of information exchange and sharing platform
these problems are the core problems to solve the information exchange and sharing, and are the practical problems existing in the project implementation. No matter how different the technical methods to solve the information exchange and sharing are, the real solution of these problems is the foundation and guarantee of the project construction< The significance of e-government project construction lies in that it can play a supporting role in various functions of the government, and use it technology to help the government improve work efficiency and promote the transformation of government functions. Therefore, to invest in the construction of a large-scale e-government project, first of all, it is necessary to determine its service objectives and the system construction's & quot; Theme Application & quot< br />
" The Eleventh Five Year Plan & quot; During this period, the party and the state made it clear that the establishment of & quot; Harmonious Society & quot; According to the characteristics of their own work functions, governments at all levels and functional organizations at all levels have determined the & quot; The Eleventh Five Year Plan & quot; Planning, on the premise of the overall goal, determines the goal system of each work. E-government project construction & quot; Theme application;, It is to determine the service goal of e-government project, and combine the construction goal of e-government project with the establishment of & quot; Harmonious Society & quot; It is an important part of the overall development goal of the government to link up the overall planning goal of e-government closely and clarify the overall development goal of e-government. The construction of information exchange and sharing mechanism must also face a challenge; Theme application;, A project that is divorced from the theme of service is a project without vitality
China's overall construction of a new socialist countryside, Beijing's floating population management, etc., are the key problems directly faced by different levels of government agencies. The theme application of e-government project should only focus on the most urgent problems to be solved by the government and the theme of the government's strategic objectives to carry out the construction of data exchange and sharing mechanism< The construction of information exchange and sharing mechanism is the long-term task of the overall construction of e-government, which keeps pace with the development of national economy and the process of the overall government function reform. The specific information exchange and sharing project construction must conform to the principle of practical priority and adapt to the future development. First of all, it is necessary to determine the construction objectives of specific projects, which must be established in the government agencies; Improve administrative efficiency and public service quality & quot; On the basis of the business objectives of the government, it engineering projects need to focus on the contribution to the current government function transformation project; In addition, we must fully respect the basis of practical work and the current administrative functions of the government, drive the engineering construction of the information exchange and sharing mechanism, transform the government information department into a specific actual business department, and clarify the viewpoint that the information department serves the actual business department of the government, The actual business work of the government should be closely linked with the construction of information resource sharing; According to the actual situation of different government agencies and local governments, the boundary scope of project construction is defined, the principle of project construction is determined, and the construction of long-term information sharing mechanism is well combined with the goal of single project construction; Technological innovation is prior to collaborative innovation of government business. The construction of data exchange and sharing platform needs to consider the needs of future business expansion and intensive engineering construction
3. Multi dimensional understanding of requirements
the guiding ideology of business information requirements analysis is three-dimensional system model. This is because only from the perspective of information resources, without in-depth study of the actual operation of government departments, it is difficult to do a good job in the information interaction and sharing project. We believe that government work is driven by the joint action and coordination of business management, execution driven and organizational management. Three dimensional system model is as follows:
figure: three dimensional system model
three dimensional system model composition: first, business management level, including key business system, support business system and auxiliary support system; Second, business driven mode, including target decision-making, task assignment, task decomposition, work organization, implementation and execution supervision; Three organizational forms, including the core decision-making level, work organization and implementation level and implementation level. Business information runs through the whole process of target management. Information system construction must meet the actual needs of different dimensions in order to truly reflect the strong supporting role of information resources for business
4. Information planning
the core of information planning is to establish a data supply chain for theme oriented applications, which needs to solve the problems of sharing and exchanging information, how to obtain from there, how to manage effectively, how to provide services to business systems, and form a clear chain of data proction, data processing and management, and data services. Information planning is built on the basis of data analysis, is a deeper analysis of exchange and sharing of information, is the top-level design of technology to achieve exchange and sharing of information
based on the guidance of information engineering methodology (IEM), using engineering method to plan information for information exchange and sharing is to follow certain method steps, follow certain standards and specifications, use effective tools to analyze information demand and data flow of various functional areas, and formulate basic standards for information resource management, Establish the information system framework of sharing domain and each functional domain
generally speaking, the content of information includes system analysis oriented to functional domain, data flow model, and topic library conceptual model oriented to shared domain. The specific content of information planning varies with the elements of a specific project. Information resource planning of information exchange and sharing construction emphasizes the close combination of information sharing requirement analysis and system modeling -- requirement analysis is the preparation of system modeling, and system modeling is the qualitative and standardized expression of information exchange and sharing construction. In the information planning of information exchange and sharing construction, we first determine the strategic construction objectives of specific projects, determine the work objectives of collaborative government agencies around the strategic objectives, and determine the work objectives according to the tasks of different organizations; Functional areas & quot;; Then, the business flow and data flow of each functional domain are investigated and analyzed, and the data flow model and data model for information exchange and sharing are established as the data basis for the construction of the whole information exchange and sharing platform
5. Shared data storage management
diagram data center database type division
Metadatabase
stores data describing data and its environment in Metadatabase
business rule base
abstracts business as a series of rules and stores them in rule database
business information base
stores important information obtained from front-end nodes in business information base
platform log library
a series of information generated in the process of platform data exchange is put in the platform log library< 1. Population basic database
build a population basic information database and query service system with resident identity code as the unique identification, realize computer management and online query of population information, and provide population information services for e-government business systems
2. Basic database of legal entities
build basic information database and query service system of legal entities with organization code as the unique identification, realize the information sharing of legal entities among e-government business systems, and provide services to the society< According to the needs of national macro-control decision-making, social micro management, people's life and opening to the outside world, we should establish a scientific, authentic and comparable macroeconomic database. The index system of macroeconomic database not only has clear boundary, but also covers the macro situation of national economy, social development, science and technology ecation, environmental resources and so on. Macroeconomic database will become a comprehensive information channel of macroeconomic basic situation and development trend< 4. Basic database of natural resources and spatial geography
the basic information database of natural resources such as hydrology, mineral resources, land, forest, cultivated land and ocean has been basically built, forming a mechanism of exchange and sharing of basic resource information database. The basic information database of spatial geography should be constructed at different levels to form the mechanism of spatial geographic information exchange and sharing. It provides realistic simulation maps and decision support services for macro decision-making of governments and departments at all levels, overall urban planning, land use planning, land management, water conservancy planning, mineral resources planning, mining right management, geological environment management, road construction, environmental protection, etc<
subject information database
subject database is established according to the requirements of information resource planning and basic database
there are frequently used business data, which can be stored in the data center, but a large number of them are stored in the form of directory, and the data is always stored in each bureau, which not only ensures the consistency of the dynamic update of the data, but also ensures the security of the data. The data of subject oriented operational database comes from XML documents and information in the process of data exchange. Therefore, operational database must have good support for XML standards to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of information storage, exchange and retrieval
decision information base
on the basis of sufficient data sources, it can acquire, express, manage and apply distributed and heterogeneous knowledge sources. The whole system should support a variety of knowledge expression methods and reasoning methods, support the coexistence of structured data and unstructured data, and establish DSS; Data & quot; As a numerical value, it is transferred to DSS supporting the establishment of basic documents. It is necessary to integrate DW, DM, OLAP and other KDD knowledge acquisition methods to integrate all kinds of distributed and heterogeneous knowledge sources to provide various types of effective data analysis for decision makers and play the role of decision support<
other databases
data and document library: data and documents mainly include the instructions of national policies, relevant data and articles, etc., which are the basis for staff at all levels to handle various businesses, as well as the basis for learning national and municipal policies and laws
from the construction experience of a large number of information exchange and sharing projects, it is very important to determine the objectives of the information exchange and sharing project. All parties of the project construction should first reach a consensus on the following key issues of success:
· the problem of sharing and exchanging information service objects
· the service mode that different service objects should adopt
· storage and unified management of shared information
· scientific analysis of the sources of information
· related information technology standards and management standards
· principles for the design and construction of information exchange and sharing platform
these problems are the core problems to solve the information exchange and sharing, and are the practical problems existing in the project implementation. No matter how different the technical methods to solve the information exchange and sharing are, the real solution of these problems is the foundation and guarantee of the project construction< The significance of e-government project construction lies in that it can play a supporting role in various functions of the government, and use it technology to help the government improve work efficiency and promote the transformation of government functions. Therefore, to invest in the construction of a large-scale e-government project, first of all, it is necessary to determine its service objectives and the system construction's & quot; Theme Application & quot< br />
" The Eleventh Five Year Plan & quot; During this period, the party and the state made it clear that the establishment of & quot; Harmonious Society & quot; According to the characteristics of their own work functions, governments at all levels and functional organizations at all levels have determined the & quot; The Eleventh Five Year Plan & quot; Planning, on the premise of the overall goal, determines the goal system of each work. E-government project construction & quot; Theme application;, It is to determine the service goal of e-government project, and combine the construction goal of e-government project with the establishment of & quot; Harmonious Society & quot; It is an important part of the overall development goal of the government to link up the overall planning goal of e-government closely and clarify the overall development goal of e-government. The construction of information exchange and sharing mechanism must also face a challenge; Theme application;, A project that is divorced from the theme of service is a project without vitality
China's overall construction of a new socialist countryside, Beijing's floating population management, etc., are the key problems directly faced by different levels of government agencies. The theme application of e-government project should only focus on the most urgent problems to be solved by the government and the theme of the government's strategic objectives to carry out the construction of data exchange and sharing mechanism< The construction of information exchange and sharing mechanism is the long-term task of the overall construction of e-government, which keeps pace with the development of national economy and the process of the overall government function reform. The specific information exchange and sharing project construction must conform to the principle of practical priority and adapt to the future development. First of all, it is necessary to determine the construction objectives of specific projects, which must be established in the government agencies; Improve administrative efficiency and public service quality & quot; On the basis of the business objectives of the government, it engineering projects need to focus on the contribution to the current government function transformation project; In addition, we must fully respect the basis of practical work and the current administrative functions of the government, drive the engineering construction of the information exchange and sharing mechanism, transform the government information department into a specific actual business department, and clarify the viewpoint that the information department serves the actual business department of the government, The actual business work of the government should be closely linked with the construction of information resource sharing; According to the actual situation of different government agencies and local governments, the boundary scope of project construction is defined, the principle of project construction is determined, and the construction of long-term information sharing mechanism is well combined with the goal of single project construction; Technological innovation is prior to collaborative innovation of government business. The construction of data exchange and sharing platform needs to consider the needs of future business expansion and intensive engineering construction
3. Multi dimensional understanding of requirements
the guiding ideology of business information requirements analysis is three-dimensional system model. This is because only from the perspective of information resources, without in-depth study of the actual operation of government departments, it is difficult to do a good job in the information interaction and sharing project. We believe that government work is driven by the joint action and coordination of business management, execution driven and organizational management. Three dimensional system model is as follows:
figure: three dimensional system model
three dimensional system model composition: first, business management level, including key business system, support business system and auxiliary support system; Second, business driven mode, including target decision-making, task assignment, task decomposition, work organization, implementation and execution supervision; Three organizational forms, including the core decision-making level, work organization and implementation level and implementation level. Business information runs through the whole process of target management. Information system construction must meet the actual needs of different dimensions in order to truly reflect the strong supporting role of information resources for business
4. Information planning
the core of information planning is to establish a data supply chain for theme oriented applications, which needs to solve the problems of sharing and exchanging information, how to obtain from there, how to manage effectively, how to provide services to business systems, and form a clear chain of data proction, data processing and management, and data services. Information planning is built on the basis of data analysis, is a deeper analysis of exchange and sharing of information, is the top-level design of technology to achieve exchange and sharing of information
based on the guidance of information engineering methodology (IEM), using engineering method to plan information for information exchange and sharing is to follow certain method steps, follow certain standards and specifications, use effective tools to analyze information demand and data flow of various functional areas, and formulate basic standards for information resource management, Establish the information system framework of sharing domain and each functional domain
generally speaking, the content of information includes system analysis oriented to functional domain, data flow model, and topic library conceptual model oriented to shared domain. The specific content of information planning varies with the elements of a specific project. Information resource planning of information exchange and sharing construction emphasizes the close combination of information sharing requirement analysis and system modeling -- requirement analysis is the preparation of system modeling, and system modeling is the qualitative and standardized expression of information exchange and sharing construction. In the information planning of information exchange and sharing construction, we first determine the strategic construction objectives of specific projects, determine the work objectives of collaborative government agencies around the strategic objectives, and determine the work objectives according to the tasks of different organizations; Functional areas & quot;; Then, the business flow and data flow of each functional domain are investigated and analyzed, and the data flow model and data model for information exchange and sharing are established as the data basis for the construction of the whole information exchange and sharing platform
5. Shared data storage management
diagram data center database type division
Metadatabase
stores data describing data and its environment in Metadatabase
business rule base
abstracts business as a series of rules and stores them in rule database
business information base
stores important information obtained from front-end nodes in business information base
platform log library
a series of information generated in the process of platform data exchange is put in the platform log library< 1. Population basic database
build a population basic information database and query service system with resident identity code as the unique identification, realize computer management and online query of population information, and provide population information services for e-government business systems
2. Basic database of legal entities
build basic information database and query service system of legal entities with organization code as the unique identification, realize the information sharing of legal entities among e-government business systems, and provide services to the society< According to the needs of national macro-control decision-making, social micro management, people's life and opening to the outside world, we should establish a scientific, authentic and comparable macroeconomic database. The index system of macroeconomic database not only has clear boundary, but also covers the macro situation of national economy, social development, science and technology ecation, environmental resources and so on. Macroeconomic database will become a comprehensive information channel of macroeconomic basic situation and development trend< 4. Basic database of natural resources and spatial geography
the basic information database of natural resources such as hydrology, mineral resources, land, forest, cultivated land and ocean has been basically built, forming a mechanism of exchange and sharing of basic resource information database. The basic information database of spatial geography should be constructed at different levels to form the mechanism of spatial geographic information exchange and sharing. It provides realistic simulation maps and decision support services for macro decision-making of governments and departments at all levels, overall urban planning, land use planning, land management, water conservancy planning, mineral resources planning, mining right management, geological environment management, road construction, environmental protection, etc<
subject information database
subject database is established according to the requirements of information resource planning and basic database
there are frequently used business data, which can be stored in the data center, but a large number of them are stored in the form of directory, and the data is always stored in each bureau, which not only ensures the consistency of the dynamic update of the data, but also ensures the security of the data. The data of subject oriented operational database comes from XML documents and information in the process of data exchange. Therefore, operational database must have good support for XML standards to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of information storage, exchange and retrieval
decision information base
on the basis of sufficient data sources, it can acquire, express, manage and apply distributed and heterogeneous knowledge sources. The whole system should support a variety of knowledge expression methods and reasoning methods, support the coexistence of structured data and unstructured data, and establish DSS; Data & quot; As a numerical value, it is transferred to DSS supporting the establishment of basic documents. It is necessary to integrate DW, DM, OLAP and other KDD knowledge acquisition methods to integrate all kinds of distributed and heterogeneous knowledge sources to provide various types of effective data analysis for decision makers and play the role of decision support<
other databases
data and document library: data and documents mainly include the instructions of national policies, relevant data and articles, etc., which are the basis for staff at all levels to handle various businesses, as well as the basis for learning national and municipal policies and laws
6. GEC environmental protection coin is issued by swindlers. How to set it? Swindler customer service!
7. This is definitely not possible, now Taobao does not support digital currency.
8. Not to mention a few streets, probably three years ahead of Ethereum. Let's not underestimate MOAC's IPFs. MOAC is the first technology in the world, and filecoin hasn't seen it yet; Don't underestimate the IOT that MOAC will come out soon. Now all the IOT projects can't be done; Don't underestimate the atomic cross chain of MOAC. Polkadot will take 2-3 years.
9.
In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile payment, many consumers have gone out without cash or bank card, and only one mobile phone can meet the demand of micro payment. Mobile payment is so convenient, why launch digital RMB
this activity will issue RMB 10 million digital red envelopes to indivials in Shenzhen, with the amount of each red envelope being RMB 200 and the total number of red envelopes being 50000
this pilot is an innovative practice to stimulate consumption and stimulate domestic demand ring the normalization of epidemic prevention and control in Shenzhen, and it is also a routine test in the process of digital RMB research and development{ RRRRR}
Digital RMB pilot is accelerating the application landing. With the continuous improvement and optimization of customer experience, it is expected to bring more convenient, efficient and safe payment experience to the public
the people's Bank of China recently published a commentary in China Finance magazine, saying that China needs to become the first country to issue digital currency to promote the internationalization of RMB and rece its dependence on the global dollar payment system
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