Research background of currency digitization
Digital money drives economic consumption. People have no concept of money, only material needs. At the same time, digitization facilitates people's communication
The theory of monetary integration is the reflection and summary of the understanding process and practice development process of monetary integration. With the strengthening of regional economic ties and the emergence of the demand for money to play a role across national boundaries, people began to discuss what kind of geographical space can meet the conditions to form the best currency area; With the development of the practice of European monetary integration, people seem to be engaged in the opposite work, focusing more on how to create a new currency in a given geographical space, which is the theme of European monetary integration. In the process of practice, the biggest problem people encounter is the transfer of monetary sovereignty and the establishment of supranational central bank. Therefore, Emerson timely put forward the idea of "one market, one currency", instead of the narrow understanding of currency as national sovereignty, which provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of the European central bank and the birth of the euro; In the 1990s, with the strengthening of global economic and financial integration, the tide of monetary integration also surged. People's vision no longer focused on the discussion of whether to establish a currency area, but realized that monetary integration has become the trend of regional economic development in the world. At this time, how can a single country judge whether to join a currency area, And when to join the currency area has become an urgent issue of concern to all countries, so the national judgment standard of joining the currency area arises at the historic moment. In short, the theory of monetary integration is accompanied by its practice. The demand and development of practice promote the birth, improvement and renewal of the theory. The development of theory points out the direction and expands the space for the practice of monetary integration
the interaction and integration among infrastructure, new kinetic energy instry and ecological platform has burst out the era of digital economy characterized by "perception, interconnection and intelligence of all things". In this era, the physical world and digital world are deeply integrated, and the whole business network acts at the same time, such as R & D, design, manufacturing, marketing, suppliers, service providers, etc Consumers are involved in the process of creating a successful proct or a quality service
the era of digital economy inevitably comes to all enterprises, and it is the general trend for enterprises to develop new strategic choices for themselves.
first, the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency
in Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value have changed from "Bei". From this we can see that Bei is the earliest currency in China
with the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for money is increasing, and seashells have been unable to meet people's needs. People began to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper shell is an important evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese currency history
with the extensive use of artificial coinage, seashells, as a natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage< From the appearance of Tongbei in the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, China's currency graally formed four systems characterized by the domination of the feudal lords, namely, shovel coin, Dao coin, ring coin and Chu coin (yuan Jin and Yi Bi Qian)< After Qin unified China, the first emperor of Qin promulgated the earliest currency law of China in 210 BC, which stipulated that the half Liang coins with round square holes of Qin state could be used throughout the country
the circulation of Qin banliang coins with round square holes in the whole country has ended the disordered state of different shapes and great weight differences of ancient Chinese coins, which is a significant evolution from disordered shape to standard shape in the history of ancient Chinese coins. The shape of this round square hole determined by the Qin banliang coins continued until the early Republic of China< Third, the evolution from local coinage to central coinage. The gentry, the rich businessmen and the local forces took advantage of the opportunity to make money. In the reign of Emperor Wen, "Dr. Deng Tong also made money for the king."< In the fourth year of Yuanding (1115 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took back the minting right of the prefecture and minted five baht coins by the central government. From then on, it was determined that the central government should be responsible for the unified management of coin casting and issue, which was a significant evolution from local coin to central coin in the history of ancient Chinese currency
since then, the central government has been directly in charge of the coinage of all dynasties. The return of the minting right to the central government played an important role in stabilizing the political situation and economic development of the dynasties< (4) the evolution from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao (24 baht is one or two)<
in the fourth year of Wude (621), Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system, abolish ancient coins of different weights, and cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coins with the idea of "opening up a new era". Kaiyuan Tongbao is a change from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao in ancient China
Kaiyuan Tongbao coin is the earliest Tongbao coin in China. Since then, copper coins in China no longer use money to mark the weight, but use Tongbao and Yuanbao. It has been used until the "Tongbao of the Republic of China" after the 1911 Revolution< In the Northern Song Dynasty, e to the shortage of copper materials, the government made a lot of iron coins in some areas to make up for the shortage of copper coins. According to the records of the history of Song Dynasty, the cast iron coins in Sichuan at that time always weighed 25 Jin and 8 Liang. To buy a piece of silk in Sichuan, you have to pay 130 Jin of iron. Iron money is so cumbersome and inconvenient that paper money jiaozi came into being in Sichuan. The appearance of Jiaozi is an important evolution from metal currency to paper currency in ancient Chinese currency history
Jiaozi is not only the earliest paper currency in China, but also the earliest paper currency in the world< In the late Qing Dynasty, with the graal introction of foreign advanced science and technology, we began to buy coin making machines abroad ring the reign of Guangxu to make silver and copper coins. Later, Guangdong began to use machine-made holes when ten copper. Because of the huge profits of the manufacturers, many provinces followed suit
the emergence of mechanism currency in the late Qing Dynasty is an important evolution from manual coinage to mechanism currency in the history of ancient Chinese currency
since then, great changes have taken place not only in the process of casting currency, but also in the end of the life of the round square hole coin, which has been in circulation for more than 2000 years
it's stealing, but it's better. You can watch the class. It's not written by yourself. I'm a little ashamed
The emergence of the Internet is the technical background of the future currency: in the early 21st century, a new type of proction relations and organizational form appeared in the world, which is closely related to the development of the Internet and new technology. After the emergence of a new organizational form and mode of proction to rethink the social trend of thought“ Wiki model has penetrated into all aspects of our lives, imperceptibly carrying out a great change
wikiart emphasizes that after the emergence of new network technologies, the open, peer-to-peer and shared large-scale cooperation mode will certainly change the traditional art creation methods and forms. Wiki artists pursue a shared, open and harmonious world. It advocates the use of collective wisdom, large-scale collaboration and peer-to-peer creation through the Internet network collaborative community (wikisns)
the phenomenon that wiki model was first applied to artistic creation appeared in the American music instry. However, e to the right problem, it is difficult to realize the free sharing of works, so this model has been curbed and has not been further developed. This discovery was first put forward in 2007 by the world famous new economist, Canadian "don Tapscott" and British "Anthony D. Williams" book "wikieconomics"
wikivism is a new science and art, which is based on four new principles: openness, equivalence, sharing and global operation. These new rules are replacing some of the old dogmas of proction and organizational collaboration. In April 2007, the U.S. broke out a once-in-a-century financial sub-prime crisis. In August 2007, it began to sweep the world's major financial markets such as the United States, the European Union and Japan. Followed by the "Du debt crisis", "Greek sovereign debt crisis", the United States forced the appreciation of the RMB and a series of financial confrontation, a smoke free "currency war" has begun
in the face of the expansion of human desire and the collapse of the financial system, human society has come to the crossroads of history, and we begin to question the current financial and monetary system, the chief cause of these disasters. How to choose and where is the future of mankind are the main motive and historical context for the creation of future currency