How to encrypt the central bank's digital currency

1.

Differences:

non encrypted currency (enterprise currency):

1, personal behavior

2, company's own currency

3, unable to decentralize

4, unable to trade on international trading platform

5, unlimited issuance

6, no mine website, no original code

7, controllable price, mostly one-way relationship (dining ticket of an enterprise, Qmoney and so on)

open source digital cryptocurrency:

1. Decentralization -- not regulated by indivials, companies and national banks

2. Limited issue

3. Free trade on international trading platform

4. Original code

5. Not taxed, not frozen, uncontrollable price

cryptocurrency advantages:

1. Compared with paper money, Save the cost of printing, data audit, anti-counterfeiting, escort circulation, safe keeping and so on

2. It is impossible to control the number of issues without issuing institutions

3. Borderless. If you use cryptocurrency transaction, directly enter the account address, click the mouse, wait for the network to confirm the transaction, a lot of money will pass

4. Using cryptocurrency in any store can save the cost of tax and capital supervision

5. It is not controlled by the central bank and the quantity is limited, so it can completely resist the pressure of inflation. Let the wealth of the common people keep its value and increase its value The cryptocurrency other than bitcoin is also known as counterfeit currency and competitive currency (English: altcoin). Part of it is a virtual currency similar to bitcoin, which is based on the ideas, principles and source code of bitcoin. At present, more than 800 cryptocurrencies are in circulation

because bitcoin itself does not have an authoritative issuing institution and state power to maintain its authority and uniqueness, bitcoin and its imitators can only get along equally. It is not absolutely exclusive

2. How does the central bank set the minimum limit on the amount of money to be paid into an account? If you want to visit the official website of the people's Bank of China, you need to make an information inquiry

3.

Digital cryptocurrency is a kind of currency that is not issued by legal tender institutions and controlled by the central bank. It is based on the open source code of a group of equations calculated by computers all over the world, and is generated by a large number of calculation processing of computer graphics card and CPU. It uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation

development materials:

1. definition of digital currency:

   digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English and the alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy< br />

   

4. On the issue of issuing their own digital currency, central banks are always less thunderous. Central banks around the world are considering issuing their own digital currencies to compete with cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, but they have been unable to do so for a long time

the media's attention to the central bank's digital currency has increased significantly, especially after Zuckerberg testified in Congress on the Libra issue and Christina Lagarde acknowledged the "clear demand" for stable currency at her first media reception as president of the European Central Bank, which seems to have changed the public's view on this matter, Let many people in cryptocurrency community think that cbdcs is in sight<

according to the latest survey report released by the bank for International Settlements, central banks in the past seven years have been investigating this technology and assessing its impact. Of the 63 central banks surveyed, 55 said they were unlikely to issue cbdcs in the next three years, and only one reported that they were "highly likely to issue large-scale cbdcs in the next three to six years."

although the proportion of central banks studying cbdcs is very high, the crux of the problem is that it is mainly theoretical and investigative work. Only five central banks have concted more in-depth research and real project development or experimentation - but that still does not mean that they will necessarily issue cbdcs

through close observation, it is more and more obvious that both Libra recently released by Facebook and the new stable currency assets have had a significant impact on the central bank. Today's situation took hundreds of years to form, but it changed in a few months; Competition, the most terrifying and unfamiliar concept that has never been thought of before and penetrated into the elite society of central banks, is now knocking at the door

it can be said that the solution to the current situation is still unclear. Some people who are familiar with these things even say that they are bluffing. However, in Lagarde's own words, the slow and wait-and-see regulatory approach can no longer meet the needs

1. What is central bank digital currency<

what is the difference between central bank digital currency CBDC and other digital currencies

CBDC is a new form of currency, which is directly issued by the central bank in digital form as legal tender. The current form of legal currency is cash, reserve deposit or balance settlement< There are two main differences between CBDC and other digital currencies (including cryptocurrency and other forms of central bank currency):

1. CBDC has nothing to do with cryptoassets. They're not decentralized, they don't have to be blockchain based, and they're certainly not anonymous, they're not unlicensed, they're not censored< 2. Contrary to the current digital cash, the operation structure of CBDC will be different from other forms of central bank currency. CBDC has more powerful functions. They are programmable, can generate interest, can be cleared in near real time, and have cheaper handling charges and wider openness

when designing CBDC, the speed of central banks is different. Different central banks adopt their own approach. However, in general, there are three problems being explored: whether CBDC should be based on token or account number, whether CBDC should be batch (only open to banks) or retail (open to the public), and whether it should be based on DLT

when CBDC is to be implemented, things will become complicated, and there are many thorny problems to be considered

for example, once CBDC is launched, does it need to cancel cash? Should CBDC carry interest? Should they have face value like cash? Or linked to the total price index? What impact will this have on commercial banks? What about anonymity and privacy? All these questions need to be answered<

2. Motivation for issuing CBDC

in the 2017 staff discussion paper, the Bank of Canada gave six reasons for issuing CBDC in an article entitled "central bank digital currency: motivation and impact":

1. Ensure that the central bank provides sufficient cash to the public, and maintain the seigniorage revenue of the central bank

2, Support non-traditional monetary policy

3. Rece overall risk and improve financial stability

4. Improve payment competitiveness

5. Promote financial inclusiveness

6. Curb criminal activities

looking back at the bank for International Settlements survey we analyzed earlier, payment security and domestic efficiency are selected as the most important motives of the central bank. According to a large number of papers published by the central bank and other large financial institutions, for developed countries, the transformation into a cashless society is the main driving factor, while for developing countries, financial inclusiveness, cost rection and operational efficiency are the main motivation

throughout the rest of the reports and the literature that can be found, the fierce competition brought about by bitcoin and other innovations in the cryptocurrency instry, as well as the clear need for "one step ahead", of course, are not listed as the reasons for issuing CBDC< The advantages and potential risks of CBDC are very low.

if the central bank starts to launch CBDC and succeeds in the end, there are many potential benefits

from a technical point of view, CBDC is much better than the current form of legal currency. They can be tracked better, collect taxes more conveniently, transmit monetary policy better, have better financial inclusiveness, and rece the cost of procing physical currency

the most obvious advantage is that payment is cheaper and faster, whether it is domestic payment or cross-border payment

in addition to the design and implementation problems, a key problem of issuing CBDC is that CBDC may increase the risk of bank operation. However, this only happens when banks promise that their deposits can be converted into CBDC on demand, which is not necessarily the case, according to the Bank of England document

4. Facts on the ground

how far is it from us to see a real CBDC appear in the market? It's hard to estimate, but at present, we can sum up the current situation in one sentence: all talk but no practice

if we put aside the failed digital currencies of Ecuador, Tunisia and Venezuela, we can only do theoretical research, a small amount of experiments, and issue some feasible CBDC issuance announcements supported by the state in the future

the most famous CBDC projects in progress are: e-peso in Uruguay (the project was successfully tested in 2018), DCEP in China, "project Inthanon" in Thailand, e-krona in Sweden (still in the research stage)...

5. The revolution has not yet been successful, and comrades still need to work hard

considering the factors mentioned above, Most of the headlines about CBDC's upcoming release are groundless. All projects scheled to be released this year have been delayed

in fact, there is still a long way to go for the birth of CBDC, and to convince the public, we need more than a statement. Given the current situation, it seems that CBDC and other cryptocurrencies may not affect each other - at least for now.

5.

It is not currently available

at present, the Central Bank of China has not issued and approved the digital currency of issuers and investors

However, at the beginning of the year, the central bank held a seminar on digital currency, at which it made it clear that it was necessary to issue digital currency as soon as possible, and the central bank put the issue of digital currency on the agenda

however, so far, the central bank has not issued any digital currency, and Zhou Xiaochuan, the governor of the central bank, said that the time is not ripe to issue digital currency. Moreover, the digital currency issued by the central bank is different from bitcoin, Ruitai, Laite and other digital cryptocurrencies, and the digital currency issued by the central bank is not decentralized

< H2 > extended data:

when the central bank issues digital currency, it needs to establish a basic digital currency system. In this system, the central bank is in charge of the digital currency issuing bank, the commercial bank is in charge of the bank, and the public and indivials hold digital wallets. This is not much different from the existing monetary system in essence, but the managed currency is changed from paper money to digital cryptocurrency

in terms of issuing mechanism, there are two modes:

one is the traditional mode of "central bank commercial bank", that is, the central bank issues digital currency from the issuing bank of the central bank to the Bank of the commercial bank. When an indivial withdraws money from the commercial bank, the digital currency is transferred from the commercial bank to the personal digital wallet

another mode is the "central bank public" mode, that is, the central bank can directly issue digital currency from the currency issuing bank to the digital wallet of the public and indivials. In essence, no matter which issuing mode, money is ultimately held by the public, which is the debt of the central bank to the public

6. Generally speaking, DCEP is the "digital currency with value characteristics" issued by the state. It can completely replace the market banknotes and has the same functions and attributes as banknotes. The release of DCEP redefines what digital currency represents. In the past, bitcoin, Ethereum and other currencies also had multiple nicknames such as digital currency or cryptocurrency. Now digital currency needs to be removed from these nicknames
in terms of positioning, the central bank's digital currency DCEP is not simply the digitization of banknotes, but to replace M0 (banknotes and coins) and change the form of the base currency. M0 refers to the cash in circulation, that is, the sum of the cash on hand of various units outside the banking system and the cash held by residents. The digitalization of banknotes generally refers to online replacement of lines, such as Alipay and WeChat, which all belong to online payment. However, both of them need to bind bank cards to pay. DCEP does not have this restriction, that is to say, when using DCEP for payment, there is no need to bind any bank account
the name of digital currency is easy to associate with cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, but there is a fundamental difference between DCEP and them: DCEP is centralized while bitcoin is decentralized
to be exact, DCEP is a kind of sovereign credit currency, while the latter two are the procts of the idea of "currency non nationalization". The paper money itself has no value. The reason why it can perform the function of currency is that it is supported by the national credit and has the nature of legal compensation and compulsion. However, cryptocurrency such as bitcoin is a kind of private currency in essence and has no solid credit foundation. Therefore, any cryptocurrency with its own mining algorithm, following P2P protocol, limited amount, reaching a certain degree of consensus and decentralization can be a substitute for bitcoin
comparatively speaking, if there is a substitute for DCEP, it can only be other forms of RMB, such as banknotes and coins. That is to say, the digital currency DCEP issued by the central bank is still the debt of the central bank to the public, and this relationship between creditor's rights and debt will not change with the change of currency form.

9. What is money? Money is the medium for the exchange of goods (including services). Now our currency is issued by a reputable bank, which is basically guaranteed by its reputation. As long as the users agree, then we can use it to trade. Currency has a certain value preserving property. After I change my labor / services / all my goods into currency, the bank guarantees that I can exchange it for something of almost equal value one day in the future. The premise of this guarantee is that banks will not issue new currencies indiscriminately and that everyone will trust it

in the past, we used precious metals as currency. Because precious metal proction is not high, the speed of new money increase is limited, and the economy is growing, the market needs more money to let the goods flow as much as possible. There is value when there is demand. In this sense, the value of precious metals in making other things is secondary. The economy needs money to circulate goods, and this demand is the main one. However, if the proction of precious metals is limited, and the precious metal currencies in circulation will withdraw from the market for various reasons, then even the newly made precious metal currencies have the same or even higher value

why does bitcoin keep its value? BTC (short for bitcoin) exists in a huge P2P network. Bitcoin group has recognized an algorithm. Under current conditions, only about 6 new BTCs will be generated per hour. At present, there are 50 new BTCs in each group. That is to say, in this world, only about 300 BTCs are generated per hour. This output will also be limited by the difficulty automatically adjusted by the network. You can't speed up money proction by modifying everyone's client algorithm and parameters (client is open source). Counterfeit currency will be discarded by the network (unless you can control most of the network nodes)

what is the value of BTC itself

the value of BTC is the trading channel itself. A new set of BTCs provides a mathematical guarantee to transfer old BTCs from one account to another. The price behind this security guarantee is a lot of computing power. It takes a lot of energy to proce such a safe passage, so the whole BTC user group will reward the mint (currently 50 BTC), which will become 25 BTC after December 2012, and it will be halved every four years

to put it simply, my understanding is that all BTCs in the world are generated by the energy of running computers. Their total value (up to now, there are about 12W groups of BTCs proced, 50 in each group, and the market price is about US $7.3), should be less than the total market value of consumed energy. However, I think most of the energy used to proce BTC is wasted resources< br />4

10. Mini world has found a kind of ore, which can't be g. This is bedrock, which is the bottom of the world. No matter what you use, you can't open it. There's no other way<
Mini world fast mining skills:
1! And food! We have to cut down trees in advance and make ladders. Because making these things requires iron ingots, which are smelted from iron ore, so if there is no iron, first make wood, and then make a tool box to take with you, which is convenient for making at any time
2.
then find a place you think is more suitable to excavate. At first, you can excavate it vertically and place the ladder while digging. Trust me, this is the most time-saving, labor-saving and convenient way, because I used to excavate the stairs
and don't be too tired. When you get to a similar place, generally speaking, you will encounter caves, and then mark them to avoid getting lost<
3.
then, let's go deep into the cave, go to the place closest to the wall in the cave, and turn your angle of view, you will find that you can see the scene outside the cave, just like a small map. Don't be surprised, you can see where the gold is, or where the diamond is, and dig directly in that direction! This method is really what Xiaobian has tried to discover so many ore blocks. If you find that you can't see the scene outside the cave, try more, or change a few places.