Wuxi digital currency

2.

We need to call the police. This belongs to currency fraud. We can't blindly trust the virtual investment platform that can easily earn a lot of money. Fraud gangs often use "small investment, big income" as t to let investors taste the sweetness first and then increase investment, so as to achieve the purpose of fraud

at present, the so-called "digital currency" in the market is not legal digital currency. The so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud. It is necessary for the general public to raise their risk awareness, invest rationally and prudently, and prevent the interests from being damaged

extended information:

five ways to distinguish whether digital currency is MLM currency. virtual currency does not rely on specific monetary institutions to issue, it is based on a specific algorithm, generated through a large number of calculations, is a decentralized way of issuing. Each different terminal node is responsible for maintaining the same account book, and the maintenance process is mainly to package and encrypt the transaction information by the algorithm, while the MLM currency is mainly issued by a certain organization, and the profit is made by pulling the head

2. Transaction mode. Virtual currency is a kind of sporadic transaction formed spontaneously in the market. After the scale is formed, the third party graally establishes an exchange to complete the transaction. The MLM currency is issued by an institution and traded on its own platform

3. The virtual currency itself is an open source program, maintained in the GitHub community. The parameters and methods of the total amount limit are shown in the open source code. The open source of MLM currency is completely ing other people's open source code, and there is no use of open source code to build programs, so its essence is controlled by the website like Q currency

Whether the source code link is given. The general decentralized digital currency will give the source code link in the prominent position of the official website, so as to show the operation mechanism of the monetary system openly and transparently. What MLM currency focuses on is the transaction process of recharge purchase, not to mention its operation mechanism, and even the website does not have the link address of the source code

5. Whether the official website starts with HTTPS. In general, the addresses of the official website and trading website of decentralized digital currency begin with HTTPS. The purpose of this kind of website is to protect users' data from illegal theft. But the official website of MLM currency, trading website and other related websites do not start with HTTPS

3.

The Internet of things in China is a pyramid selling organization

the recent appearance of "Weihua Internet of things" is the latest scam! In the name of national (military) projects such as "targeted poverty alleviation, giving back to the society" and "integrating the military with the people, and the Chinese dream", lawbreakers impersonated the state (military) and established the so-called "Wei Hua" system

in some regions, organizations calling themselves "Weihua system" set up false government leading groups in the name of national government departments, incited the masses to set up bank cards collectively, and suspected of using bank card information to engage in illegal activities such as telecom fraud

extended information

weihuatianxia Internet of things digital currency is a financial fraud suspected of illegal fund-raising, and under the banner of "central bank digital currency", the people's Bank of China officially issued the "risk tips on issuing or promoting digital currency in the name of the people's Bank of China"

the central bank reminds consumers that at present, the central bank has not issued legal digital currency, nor authorized any institutions and enterprises to issue legal digital currency, and there is no promotion team. At present, the so-called "digital currency" in the market is not legal digital currency. The legal currency in China is RMB printed and issued by the people's Bank of China

the so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud. The general public should raise their risk awareness, invest rationally and prudently, and prevent the interests from being damaged. Wuxi Branch of Bank of communications also issued an urgent reminder to guard against the scam of Weihua

4. Illegal digital currency of yinshangbao means illegal fund raising

5. Puyin group is a blockchain company. Puyin is a standard digital currency
Puyin is the first standard digital currency, which has the same amount of physical assets as the standard assets, and can query the relevant proof materials of assets through the blockchain. The form of anchoring digital currency and physical assets is the first in the international blockchain, which has been widely recognized in the world

6. E-wallet is a pure software, which is mainly used for online consumption and account management. This kind of software is usually connected with bank account or bank card account. The second is the smart stored value card of small amount payment. The cardholder deposits a certain amount in the card in advance, and directly dects the transaction amount from the stored value account ring the transaction. E-wallet is a kind of payment tool commonly used by customers in e-commerce shopping activities. It is a new type of wallet commonly used in small amount shopping or purchasing small goods. Shopping with e-wallet usually needs to be done in the E-wallet service system. The software of e-wallet in e-commerce activities is usually provided free of charge. You can directly use the E-wallet software on the e-commerce system server connected with your own bank account. You can also upgrade it from the Internet and use the E-wallet software on the Internet in various confidential ways. At present, there are two e-wallet service systems visacash and Mondex in the world. Other e-wallet service systems include mastercardcash, europay's clip and Belgium's proton. Customers who use e-wallets usually have accounts in the bank. When using the E-wallet, you can install the relevant application software on the e-commerce server, and use the E-wallet service system to input the data on your various e-currencies or e-financial cards. In the event of collection and payment, if the customer wants to pay by electronic credit card, such as visa card or MasterCard card, the customer only needs to click the corresponding item (or icon) to complete the payment. People often call this electronic payment method click or electric shock payment. The electronic wallet can only be fully loaded with electronic currency, that is, electronic cash, electronic change, security change, electronic credit card, online currency, digital currency, etc. These electronic payment tools can support click payment. In the e-commerce service system, there is a function management mole of e-money and e-wallet, which is called e-wallet manager. Customers can use it to change the secret password or secret method, and use it to view the e-money account, list and data of their own bank account. There is also an electronic transaction recorder in the e-commerce service system. Through the query recorder, customers can know what they have bought, how much they have bought, and print out the query results. Although the use of e-wallets often starts from a centralized city or instry, if different instries and regions develop their own e-wallets, GM will become an important issue. The common effect brought by the unified standard makes different e-wallet terminals can be shared at low cost, which is an important prerequisite for the cross instry and cross regional development of E-wallet. As far as China is concerned, the financial IC card standard of the people's Bank of China has formulated the standards of e-wallet and e-passbook, which has laid a foundation for the development of unified e-wallet in China. At present, there is no non-contact standard in the standard, that is to say, the standard can not enter the largest application field of e-wallet transportation, so it needs to be further improved. At present, e-wallets in China can be roughly divided into two categories: instry e-wallets (or quasi e-wallets) evolved from instry cards and general e-wallets issued by banks. Due to the history and the existing system, the public transport instry is the most developed field of the instry card, and also the cradle of the instry E-wallet. At present, various large and medium-sized cities in China are implementing bus card projects, with different standards and implementation methods The rapid development of the bus card instry in Shanghai and Guangzhou is mainly e to the large population base, and its transaction volume and deposited funds can bring relatively rich profits to the project. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 7 million public transport "all-in-one cards" currently issued in Shanghai, and more than 2 million "Yangchengtong" currently issued in Guangzhou. The total number of traffic cards in the two cities has exceeded 10 million. In addition, because traffic cards, especially those applied across instries, involve the image of urban information management and the vital interests of citizens, The government usually has a certain enthusiasm for promotion. Beijing, Wuhan, Nanjing, Jinan and other big cities and small and medium-sized cities are also implementing bus cards to varying degrees. Even small cities such as Wuxi and Suzhou are actively implementing "inter city connection" with Shanghai. It can be seen that the development trend of all-in-one bus card is good. Another instry e-wallet comparable with bus card is the catering card issued in various places and the commercial card used for shopping in supermarkets and department stores. This type of card is generally public consumption, or the company's welfare to employees. It has special advantages that other instry cards can't match in marketing. In foreign countries, the general electronic wallet is included in the supervision of financial institutions, but China lacks the corresponding legal norms of electronic wallet. Therefore, there are no rules for all kinds of instry cards to enter the field of micro payment and become a general e-wallet, which can only be graally infiltrated. Shanghai's all-in-one bus card has been used to pay for water, electricity, gas, etc., and can also be used for shopping in some supermarkets. Basically, the same is true for catering cards and commercial cards. In addition to instry cards, IC cards issued by various banks according to the financial IC card specifications of the people's Bank of China are basically general e-wallets conforming to PBOC standards. Such as Beijing's peony transportation card, Bank of China's petrochemical gas card and so on. Although bank e-wallet has appeared since 1990s, it has not been widely used in practical application. So far, the circulation of pure bank e-wallets (excluding co branded cards) is only over 2 million. Considering the overall income of commercial banks, e-wallet, like debit card, can absorb deposits without interest payment, and does not occupy the bank's back office system and communication resources. However, there are still some difficulties in the promotion of E-wallet. First of all, like the United States, the cost of communication in China is much lower than that in Europe, and the cost advantage of e-wallet offline transaction is negligible. In the field of micropayment which can be entered by bank debit card and credit card, e-wallet has no other advantages except the advantage of transaction speed. Secondly, at present, the micro payment fields that require high transaction speed mainly include expressways, parking lots, subways, buses, taxis and fast food restaurants. Contactless cards are more practical. However, there is no contactless standard for bank e-wallet, so its application in some micro payment fields is limited. In addition, in terms of marketing means, one of the important reasons why the instry card can be promoted is that it can issue commercial invoice, and group purchase forms the main channel of stored value card sales, while Bank e-wallet does not have the marketing channel of group purchase. Therefore, for the bank e-wallet with pure payment function, banks are very cautious in their investment. Of course, e to the need of horizontal competition, some instries also began to open their own business platforms, making full use of the advantages of payment function of financial e-wallet to attract more consumers. E-wallet is widely used, people bring a lot of good

7. One is pure software, which is mainly used for online consumption and account management. This kind of software is usually connected with bank account or bank card account
the second is the smart stored value card of micro payment, in which the cardholder deposits a certain amount in advance and directly dects the transaction amount from the stored value account ring the transaction

e-wallet is a kind of payment tool commonly used by customers in e-commerce shopping activities. It is a new type of wallet commonly used in small amount shopping or purchasing small goods. Shopping with e-wallet usually needs to be done in the E-wallet service system. The software of e-wallet in e-commerce activities is usually provided free of charge. You can directly use the E-wallet software on the e-commerce system server connected with your own bank account. You can also upgrade it from the Internet and use the E-wallet software on the Internet in various confidential ways. At present, there are two e-wallet service systems visacash and Mondex in the world, and other e-wallet service systems include mastercardcash, europay's clip and Belgium's proton.

customers who use e-wallets usually have accounts in the bank. When using the E-wallet, you can install the relevant application software on the e-commerce server, and use the E-wallet service system to input the data on your various e-currencies or e-financial cards. In the event of collection and payment, if the customer wants to pay by electronic credit card, such as visa card or MasterCard card, the customer only needs to click the corresponding item (or icon) to complete the payment. People often call this electronic payment method click or electric shock payment

e-wallet can only be fully loaded with e-cash, e-change, secure change, e-credit card, online currency, digital currency, etc. These electronic payment tools can support click payment

in the e-commerce service system, there is a function management mole of e-money and e-wallet, which is called e-wallet manager. Customers can use it to change the secret password or secret method, and use it to view the e-money account, list and data of their own bank account. There is also an electronic transaction recorder in the e-commerce service system. Through the query recorder, customers can know what they have bought, how much they have bought, and print out the query results

although the use of e-wallets often starts from a centralized city or instry, if different instries and regions develop their own e-wallets, GM will become an important issue. The common effect brought by the unified standard makes different e-wallet terminals can be shared at low cost, which is an important prerequisite for the cross instry and cross regional development of E-wallet. As far as China is concerned, the financial IC card standard of the people's Bank of China has formulated the standards of e-wallet and e-passbook, which has laid a foundation for the development of unified e-wallet in China. At present, there is no non-contact standard in the standard, that is to say, the standard can not enter the largest application field of e-wallet transportation, so it needs to be further improved

at present, e-wallets in China can be roughly divided into two categories: instry e-wallets (or quasi e-wallets) evolved from instry cards and general e-wallets issued by banks. Due to the history and the existing system, the public transport instry is the most developed field of the instry card, and also the cradle of the instry E-wallet

at present, various large and medium-sized cities in China are implementing bus card projects, with different standards and implementation methods The rapid development of the bus card instry in Shanghai and Guangzhou is mainly e to the large population base, and its transaction volume and deposited funds can bring relatively rich profits to the project. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 7 million public transport "all-in-one cards" currently issued in Shanghai, and more than 2 million "Yangchengtong" currently issued in Guangzhou. The total number of traffic cards in the two cities has exceeded 10 million. In addition, because traffic cards, especially those applied across instries, involve the image of urban information management and the vital interests of citizens, The government usually has a certain enthusiasm for promotion. Beijing, Wuhan, Nanjing, Jinan and other big cities and small and medium-sized cities are also implementing bus cards to varying degrees. Even small cities such as Wuxi and Suzhou are actively implementing "inter city connection" with Shanghai. It can be seen that the development trend of all-in-one bus card is good

another instry e-wallet comparable to the bus card is the catering card and the commercial card used in supermarkets and department stores. This type of card is generally used for public consumption, or the company's welfare to employees, and has special advantages in marketing that other instry cards can't match

in foreign countries, the general e-wallet is regulated by financial institutions, but China lacks the corresponding legal norms of E-wallet. Therefore, there are no rules for all kinds of instry cards to enter the field of micro payment and become a general e-wallet, which can only be graally infiltrated. Shanghai's all-in-one bus card has been used to pay for water, electricity, gas, etc., and can also be used for shopping in some supermarkets. Basically, the same is true for catering cards and commercial cards<

except for Instry cards, IC cards issued by banks according to the financial IC card specifications of the people's Bank of China are basically universal e-wallets conforming to PBOC standards. Such as Beijing's peony transportation card, Bank of China's petrochemical gas card and so on

although the bank e-wallet has appeared since the 1990s, it has not been widely promoted in practical application. So far, the circulation of pure bank e-wallets (excluding co branded cards) is only over 2 million

considering the overall income of commercial banks, e-wallet, like debit card, can absorb deposits without interest payment, and does not occupy the bank's back office system and communication resources. However, there are still some difficulties in the promotion of E-wallet. First of all, like the United States, the cost of communication in China is much lower than that in Europe, and the cost advantage of e-wallet offline transaction is negligible. In the field of micropayment which can be entered by bank debit card and credit card, e-wallet has no other advantages except the advantage of transaction speed. Secondly, at present, the micro payment fields that require high transaction speed mainly include expressways, parking lots, subways, buses, taxis and fast food restaurants. Contactless cards are more practical. However, there is no contactless standard for bank e-wallet, so its application in some micro payment fields is limited. In addition, in terms of marketing means, one of the important reasons why the instry card can be promoted is that it can issue commercial invoice, and group purchase forms the main channel of stored value card sales, while Bank e-wallet does not have the marketing channel of group purchase. Therefore, for the bank e-wallet with pure payment function, banks are very cautious in their investment

of course, e to the need of horizontal competition, some instries have begun to open their own business platforms, making full use of the advantages of payment function of financial e-wallet to attract more consumers

e-wallets are widely used, and people bring a lot of benefits

8. Then you have to report on behalf of the point can, but Jiangsu audit is not strict, over the years there are college students apply
I'll send you some experience to help you take the exam (the original experience is me, I'll paste it)
it's the best time to prepare for the 2010 CPA exam
I'll tell you what I need, which may be good for you
accounting requires intermediate accounting practice, cost accounting, financial management and financial statement analysis
auditing is easy to understand only if you have a good knowledge of accounting. This book is boring and takes more time than accounting< Financial management requires knowledge of financial statement analysis, management accounting, financial management and cost accounting
economic law can be learned without foundation
tax law requires basic knowledge of accounting
I haven't passed the risk management test. I'm an old system
now that the CPA examination is less than a month old, it should be said that it's better to preview the time for next year's CPA examination. You should not be greedy, overestimate your life and underestimate the difficulty of CPA examination
it's better not to buy all six books now, because the teaching materials will certainly change, especially the tax law will change a lot next year. I suggest you prepare for one subject, prepare a book, and then buy another book, and prepare to April next year. Depending on your preparation, you can decide how many subjects to take. In my personal opinion, I'm sure you're the most suitable for three subjects, economic law, tax law, Risk management is not closely related to accounting, but tax law is slightly related to accounting. Tutoring books don't have to be bought. It's better to apply for a class. Now, the class in 2010 is for 2009. It's suggested that you'd better apply for an online school and follow suit. The effect will be quite good
in addition, in the process of preparation, don't let go of the big questions, because if you don't do a big question in the exam, the probability of passing is very small. A big question is about 18 points. If it's right, it's 80 points. That is to say, you have to achieve 80% accuracy to hope to pass, but those with 80% accuracy can generally finish the question, I'd rather make more mistakes than let the big problem go< Accounting audit (+ tax law): there is nothing wrong with this kind of collocation. Some people say that taking this test first is equal to half of the CPA's test. There is nothing wrong with this kind of collocation, but it varies from person to person. The difficulty of accounting is the biggest, and the time of auditing is longer than that of accounting, So this kind of collocation is very good for the foundation, and have time to compare, love to study the kind of big problem. If you are ready now, you can try it. It is recommended that you try to listen to the online school's tutorial class. There are 10 free sections, including the second chapter. If you don't understand the second chapter, it is recommended not to prepare
2. Accounting tax law (+ economic law / + Risk Management): this collocation takes less than the first collocation for three months. This kind of collocation is suitable for junior students. The professional course is about to finish, and there are no other examinations, only for certified public accountants. If you pass the examination, it will be better for you to find a job after graation
3. Tax law and economic law (+ Risk Management): this kind of test is suitable for those who are inexperienced and have poor inctive ability, so it is suitable to start from this test first
4. Financial management Economic Law (+ Risk Management / + tax law): this collocation is the most time-saving, but especially for those who are good at probability theory and mathematical statistics, and have studied finance, because the option stock price of financial management is the most difficult chapter, followed by the overall value evaluation of the enterprise. Those who have a good knowledge of mathematics and financial background will save time and effort. Fear of math doesn't fit this one
note: this "accounting" is related to every branch of CPA, and the most important one is audit tax law. This "accounting" is not the basis, let alone the "accounting basis". Many students of accounting, taking the examination of this subject, more than 10 points and more than 20 points are normal. There are not many big questions. Therefore, it's better to be psychologically prepared. This "accounting" needs the foundation of financial management and cost accounting. In Chapter 2, financial assets involve the knowledge of annuity (time value of capital)
"economic law" and "tax law" need to have the knowledge of "accounting basis". The company law and securities law of economic law need to judge the cash flow and net interest rate. There is no accounting basis at all, so it certainly can't. In addition, if it's a non accounting major, it's hard to understand the bill issue. It will definitely take more time The basic knowledge of accounting, enterprise income tax, financial statements, various expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, value-added tax are all needed in the tax law, so we don't need to test them

the following is how to learn, risk management I did not test, also do not need to test, so I am not easy to answer, audit I also did not master the method, so do not answer, the other four subjects I will tell you:
in fact, many people say that test economic law, tax law does not need accounting basis, is a mistake
first of all, financial management: it's not easy to pass the formula as others say. Financial management plus objective questions need to calculate more than 80 points. The foundation of financial management is financial statement analysis, cost accounting and management accounting. The cost calculation must be available every year. This is an easy topic, so we must be able to calculate it. Secondly, according to the examination papers over the years, the calculation types of financial management are as follows: financial statement analysis, calculation of sustainable growth rate, best inventory, best cash holdings, sales budget, risk calculation, which belong to the difficult stock price with options. This is also the annual test, binary tree, Scholes model, which must be known, and then financial leasing, The whole value evaluation of the enterprise. The most basic chapter is annuity. When you consider years of life, you must use annuity and risk. Among them, you'd better learn probability. For example, the standard deviation, variance and correlation coefficient in risk calculation are all the specific application of probability to financial management< Economic Law:
economic law is a bit miscellaneous, and there are many things to sum up. After summing up, there are other scattered ones.
1. There are also such issues as how many days to register, how many days to appear in the newspaper, how many days to make an announcement, and so on. Bankruptcy law, company law, merger and division will be mentioned
2. There are many voting methods, such as partnership law, company law, bankruptcy law and property law
3. Summarize the organizational forms, such as the board of directors, the board of supervisors, the board of shareholders, the partnership law, the foreign investment law, the company law, the bankruptcy law, and the property law
4. Inction of personnel appointment and removal system, such as company law, independent directors, such as bankruptcy law administrator, will have< To sum up whether it can resist the bona fide third party, the property law has its own characteristics
6. To sum up other numbers, this is very important
key chapters are often company law, securities law, contract law, bankruptcy law and property law. These chapters are also easy to combine< Tax law:
but tax law is different.
when you look at tax law, the questions are very right. The calculation questions are all about the types of tax, how much tax you should calculate, and the score ratio is high. So if you do a good job in calculation, it's easy to get 80 points. I'll tell you a few points, and you can go back and have a good look at the tax law.
the tax law starts from value-added tax, in addition to personal income tax and enterprise income tax, it's written in bold, It's all in this order.
1. The concept of each tax
2. Tax object and taxpayer.
3. Tax basis. This is the key to calculation. You can make a list of which taxes need to be calculated, which ones need to be eliminated and which ones need to be calculated.
4. Tax time, place and tax preference.
you can summarize the fifth one according to these four examples.
5. House related taxes, you can look at the examination papers over the years, Accounting: I've had a headache all the time, but this year I'm going to release water and test some places that I don't see, but accounting also needs the basis of financial management. Chapter 2: financial financing needs financial management, and the financing income is not recognized, so I must have the foundation to study accounting, Intermediate financial accounting background, financial statement analysis, tax knowledge
I can't generalize a lot about accounting, but I still have to say that there are connections in various chapters, such as financial assets, investment real estate, exchange of non monetary assets and long-term equity investment, so we should learn these chapters well< Then financial statements, consolidated financial statements and income tax accounting are the difficulties< There are the following points in the summary:
because accounting is actually a test of your accounting standards, which is very detailed, we should first
1. Summarize the accounting content of accounting subjects
2. Summarize the value of accounting, such as historical cost and fair value
3. Sum up the similarities, such as which should be withdrawn, which can be reversed, and which can not be reversed
4
5. Commonness refers to the commonness of assets, such as financial assets available for sale, assets held to maturity, commonness and difference, and commonness between financial assets and investment real estate< I didn't learn auditing well

the following points should be paid attention to in preparing for the exam:
1. You can't not preview because you don't have the 2010 textbook. If you preview with the 2009 textbook, you'd better not buy counseling. It's safe to apply for a class, because if you do face-to-face counseling, there are two aspects that are not good. If you do a lot of tests, you will feel that the preview time is not enough, and if the textbook changes greatly, you will have a bad impression. It's better to apply for a class and learn the exercise class. As soon as the new book comes down, I'll rush to the topic
2. Keep your mind steady. It's not a very difficult exam, but when you get there, you will have two ideas. One is that the title is not difficult, but it won't be. The other is that you feel that the whole book is the focus
3. What I fear most is that I overestimate myself and underestimate CPA. Many of them have passed the junior or intermediate examination and blindly feel that their self-study ability is good
4. If you want to keep on doing big questions, the most important thing is to think in your head when you see big questions. Instead of writing, you can see the answers directly

if you have any questions you don't understand, you can search the "accounting friends forum" on the Internet or add my Internet hi
finally, I wish you every success in your examination and work.

9. One is pure software, which is mainly used for online consumption and account management. This kind of software is usually connected with bank account or bank card account. The second is the smart stored value card of small amount payment. The cardholder deposits a certain amount in the card in advance, and directly dects the transaction amount from the stored value account ring the transaction. E-wallet is a kind of payment tool commonly used by customers in e-commerce shopping activities. It is a new type of wallet commonly used in small amount shopping or purchasing small goods. Shopping with e-wallet usually needs to be done in the E-wallet service system. The software of e-wallet in e-commerce activities is usually provided free of charge. You can directly use the E-wallet software on the e-commerce system server connected with your own bank account. You can also upgrade it from the Internet and use the E-wallet software on the Internet in various confidential ways. At present, there are two e-wallet service systems visacash and Mondex in the world. Other e-wallet service systems include mastercardcash, europay's clip and Belgium's proton. Customers who use e-wallets usually have accounts in the bank. When using the E-wallet, you can install the relevant application software on the e-commerce server, and use the E-wallet service system to input the data on your various e-currencies or e-financial cards. In the event of collection and payment, if the customer wants to pay by electronic credit card, such as visa card or MasterCard card, the customer only needs to click the corresponding item (or icon) to complete the payment. People often call this electronic payment method click or electric shock payment. The electronic wallet can only be fully loaded with electronic currency, that is, electronic cash, electronic change, security change, electronic credit card, online currency, digital currency, etc. These electronic payment tools can support click payment. In the e-commerce service system, there is a function management mole of e-money and e-wallet, which is called e-wallet manager. Customers can use it to change the secret password or secret method, and use it to view the e-money account, list and data of their own bank account. There is also an electronic transaction recorder in the e-commerce service system. Through the query recorder, customers can know what they have bought, how much they have bought, and print out the query results. Although the use of e-wallets often starts from a centralized city or instry, if different instries and regions develop their own e-wallets, GM will become an important issue. The common effect brought by the unified standard makes different e-wallet terminals can be shared at low cost, which is an important prerequisite for the cross instry and cross regional development of E-wallet. As far as China is concerned, the financial IC card standard of the people's Bank of China has formulated the standards of e-wallet and e-passbook, which has laid a foundation for the development of unified e-wallet in China. At present, there is no non-contact standard in the standard, that is to say, the standard can not enter the largest application field of e-wallet transportation, so it needs to be further improved. At present, e-wallets in China can be roughly divided into two categories: instry e-wallets (or quasi e-wallets) evolved from instry cards and general e-wallets issued by banks. Due to the history and the existing system, the public transport instry is the most developed field of the instry card, and also the cradle of the instry E-wallet. At present, various large and medium-sized cities in China are implementing bus card projects, with different standards and implementation methods The rapid development of the bus card instry in Shanghai and Guangzhou is mainly e to the large population base, and its transaction volume and deposited funds can bring relatively rich profits to the project. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 7 million public transport "all-in-one cards" currently issued in Shanghai, and more than 2 million "Yangchengtong" currently issued in Guangzhou. The total number of traffic cards in the two cities has exceeded 10 million. In addition, because traffic cards, especially those applied across instries, involve the image of urban information management and the vital interests of citizens, The government usually has a certain enthusiasm for promotion. Beijing, Wuhan, Nanjing, Jinan and other big cities and small and medium-sized cities are also implementing bus cards to varying degrees. Even small cities such as Wuxi and Suzhou are actively implementing "inter city connection" with Shanghai. It can be seen that the development trend of all-in-one bus card is good. Another instry e-wallet comparable with bus card is the catering card issued in various places and the commercial card used for shopping in supermarkets and department stores. This type of card is generally public consumption, or the company's welfare to employees. It has special advantages that other instry cards can't match in marketing. In foreign countries, the general electronic wallet is included in the supervision of financial institutions, but China lacks the corresponding legal norms of electronic wallet. Therefore, there are no rules for all kinds of instry cards to enter the field of micro payment and become a general e-wallet, which can only be graally infiltrated. Shanghai's all-in-one bus card has been used to pay for water, electricity, gas, etc., and can also be used for shopping in some supermarkets. Basically, the same is true for catering cards and commercial cards. In addition to instry cards, IC cards issued by various banks according to the financial IC card specifications of the people's Bank of China are basically general e-wallets conforming to PBOC standards. Such as Beijing's peony transportation card, Bank of China's petrochemical gas card and so on. Although bank e-wallet has appeared since 1990s, it has not been widely used in practical application. So far, the circulation of pure bank e-wallets (excluding co branded cards) is only over 2 million. Considering the overall income of commercial banks, e-wallet, like debit card, can absorb deposits without interest payment, and does not occupy the bank's back office system and communication resources. However, there are still some difficulties in the promotion of E-wallet. First of all, like the United States, the cost of communication in China is much lower than that in Europe, and the cost advantage of e-wallet offline transaction is negligible. In the field of micropayment which can be entered by bank debit card and credit card, e-wallet has no other advantages except the advantage of transaction speed. Secondly, at present, the micro payment fields that require high transaction speed mainly include expressways, parking lots, subways, buses, taxis and fast food restaurants. Contactless cards are more practical. However, there is no contactless standard for bank e-wallet, so its application in some micro payment fields is limited. In addition, in terms of marketing means, one of the important reasons why the instry card can be promoted is that it can issue commercial invoice, and group purchase forms the main channel of stored value card sales, while Bank e-wallet does not have the marketing channel of group purchase. Therefore, for the bank e-wallet with pure payment function, banks are very cautious in their investment. Of course, e to the need of horizontal competition, some instries also began to open their own business platforms, making full use of the advantages of payment function of financial e-wallet to attract more consumers. E-wallet is widely used, people bring a lot of good