MSD encrypted digital currency
Publish: 2021-04-18 12:29:05
1. At present, a quarter of the market value of the currency is useless
official website https://mymsdspace.com/landing/zh
official website https://mymsdspace.com/landing/zh
2. At present, the mainstream currencies are bitcoin, Ethereum and ecell, and the future prospects are relatively good.
3.
manxingyun digital currency cannot be listed because manxingyun digital currency platform is not a formal financial platform. There is a risk of loss if you put money on the digital currency platform. On the surface, the manxingyun digital currency platform is indeed a very formal foreign exchange company regulated by the futures exchange
manxingyun digital currency platform has limited the number of monthly payments and profits, and the payment is slow, which indicates that the capital has been unable to make ends meet. A large number of investors in xidingge are beginning to wake up, and the successive payments finally make xidingge unable to sit down. Not only leaders are withdrawing money, but some members are also withdrawing money. A large-scale withdrawal of funds will definitely lead to the collapse of Xi Dingge, and the restriction of funds is just a delay
extended information:
precautions for customers in financial management:
1. Review of their own assets: including the stock assets and future income expectations, and know how much money is reasonable, which is the most basic premise
Setting financial objectives: we need to clarify financial objectives qualitatively and quantitatively from the specific time, amount and description of objectives3. Clear risk type: don't make the assumption of risk preference without considering any objective situation. For example, many customers put all their money in the stock market without considering their parents, children and family responsibilities. At this time, their risk preference deviates from the range they can bear
Before entering the market, we should do more analysis, look at the news on both sides and look at the charts; After entering the market, keep in touch with the market. Don't just watch the news that is good for you just because you have a good position4. The so-called digital currency is MLM empty handed set white wolf
5.
It does not belong to
6. First of all, okex is the first to launch futures contract procts. Recently, fire coin also speculates that digital currency investors are familiar with fire coin and okex platforms. Both of them are digital currency trading platforms established overseas but with huge domestic trading volume
7. ID card real name authentication account can not be cancelled, do not want to participate in can apply for freezing. You can consult your app customer service
8.
Hello students, MSD currency is digital currency, its price is about 0.1 yuan. Thank you
9. Introction of common Flash Cards: smart media (SM card), compact flash (CF card), multi media card (MMC card), secure digital card (SD card), memory stick (MS card), extreme digital card (XD card), trans flash card (TF Card)
1. Smart media (SM card)
SM card is a flash memory card released by Toshiba and TAEC in November 1995. It is supported by Toshiba, Sam Sung, Sony, sharp, JVC, Philips, NEC and many other manufacturers. SmartMedia is small, with a size of 45mm × 37mm × 76mm, and very light and thin, the total weight is only 1.8g. There is only flash memory mole and interface on the memory card, but no control chip, so the compatibility is relatively poor. The SM cards of different manufacturers, different devices and different models may not be compatible with each other. The current mainstream capacity of SmartMedia is 128MB, and the common capacities are 32m and 64M< Second, compact flash (CF card)
the compatibility of CF card is very good, so it is widely used. Compact flash was launched by SanDisk company in 1994. Because the flash memory mole and controller are made together, the external devices of CF card can be made relatively simple without compatibility problems, especially the compatibility with old devices can be guaranteed when upgrading, It protects the user's investment, and almost all operating systems support it. CF card is widely used in notebook computers and other digital procts. The size of the CF card is 43mm × 36mm × 3.3mm, only 1 / 4 of PCMCIA card, and CF card itself is compatible with pcmcia-ata function and trueide. The CF card supports both 3.3V and 5V and can operate at both voltages. It has two interface standards: CF type II and CF type I. in terms of physical structure, the spacing of each socket of CF type II card and CF type I card is the same, but CF type II card is thicker than CF type I card. The CF type I card looks half the thickness of type II. In addition, type II is wider than tpye I slot, so CompactFlash type II card cannot be used on type I slot. At present, Lexar company has launched up to 4GB CF card< (3) MMC card is a multi-functional memory card developed by SanDisk and Siemens in 1997. Can be used for mobile phones, digital cameras, digital cameras, MP3 and other digital procts. It has the characteristics of small volume and light weight, and the overall dimension is only 32mm × 24mm × 4mm, weight less than 2G, and impact resistant, can repeatedly read and write records more than 300000 times. The driving voltage is 2.7-3.6v. At present, there are two types of 64M and 128M, which are mostly used for digital cameras and MP3. Recently, there are digital cameras using this card< 4. Secure digital card (SD card)
SD card is a secure digital card, which was jointly developed by Panasonic, Toshiba and SanDisk in August 1999. Although SD card is developed according to MMC card, they are basically different procts, only considering the compatibility problem in the design, so in most cases, the two procts can be interchanged, which is a multi-functional memory card with large capacity, high performance, and more secure features. It has one more code authentication function (SDMI specification) for data right protection than MMC card. It is widely used in MP3, digital camera, e-book, microcomputer, AV equipment, etc. The size of MMC card is a little thicker than 32mm × 24mm × At the beginning of 2002, the capacity of single SD card was 512MB. In 2004, the capacity of single SD card reached 2G, and the data transmission rate was also increased to 10MB / s. This has certain advantages in transmitting some large files. In addition, the reading and writing speed of this card is 4 times faster than that of MMC card, up to 2Mb / s. At the same time, it is compatible with MMC card, and the socket of SD card mostly supports MMC card. From the performance point of view, the biggest difference between the two is that the SD card emphasizes the security of data, and the access rights of programs or data in the card can be set through specific software, so as to avoid users' arbitrary ing and damage the interests of owners. Of course, for ordinary users, this function is useless. On the contrary, the relevant system and encrypted data will occupy 900K capacity of memory card. In addition, SD card and MMC card adopt integrated solid medium, without any moving parts, so there is no need to worry about the loss of data caused by the damage of mechanical movement< 5. Memory stick (MS card)
memory stick is a kind of mobile memory introced by Sony in 1997. It is also known as & 92 because it looks like a bar of gum& quot; Chewing gum& quot; Memory card. At present, only Sony supports it. Unlike other flash memory memory cards, the memory stick specification is non-public and can only be used after signing an agreement. Memory stick has a write protection switch, a controller, a 10 pin interface, a serial data bus, a maximum frequency of 20MHz, a voltage of 2.7V to 3.6V, and an average current of 45mA. At present, the mainstream capacity of memory stick has reached 256MB. In order to meet the needs of right protection, Sony launched a new magic gate memory stick in December 1999, adding the magic gate right protection technology. The new MagicGate memory stick is compatible with memory stick. The shell turns white and a prominent dot is added on the back to show the difference< 6. Extreme digital card (XD card)
XD card is the abbreviation of extreme digital, which means extreme digital. XD card is only 20 × 25mm × It is 1.7mm, 0.85cm3 in total, 2G in weight, only half the size of SMC. Its flash memory read-write speed is one of the fastest memory cards at present, with the read speed of 5MB, 16MB and 32MB per second. The write speed is 1.3mb per second, while the write speed of 64MB or higher is 3MB per second. The power consumption of the driver is less than that of the SM card, only 25MW< 7. Transflash card (TF Card)
SanDisk announced the launch of 256MB transflash on October 26, 2004. Transflash is the smallest flash card in the world, about one fourth of SD card, with a size of 15 x 11 x 1mm, the same size as fingernail. The adapter can be used on the device using SD as the storage medium. Transflash is mainly developed for camera phones to capture large images and download large video clips. Transflash card can be used to store personal data, such as digital photos, MP3, games, applications and personal data for mobile phones, etc. it also has a right protection management system to protect the downloaded music, images and games; In the future, the new transflash will also be equipped with encryption function to protect personal data, financial records and health care documents. The compact transflash allows manufacturers to use this design without worrying about the size of the phone. Another flexible application is that it allows suppliers to replace the phone according to customers' different needs at any time before delivery. This advantage is not available in embedded flash
because transflash can also build in operating system and system data, mobile phone manufacturers and network operators can set customized storage combinations, add new software and upgrade applications. As mobile phone customers often need to convert memory cards, and the same memory card may need to be installed in other electronic procts to share data, SanDisk will also provide standard SD card, miniSD card, Memory Stick PRO Duo card and multimedia cards (MMC). Transflash can operate with the above memory cards in the same mobile phone
several mobile phones of Motorola - A780, E1000 and a1000 are the first procts to use transflash memory card. With A780, E1000 and a1000, transflash has the functions of shooting, recording, playing music and surfing the Internet
1. Smart media (SM card)
SM card is a flash memory card released by Toshiba and TAEC in November 1995. It is supported by Toshiba, Sam Sung, Sony, sharp, JVC, Philips, NEC and many other manufacturers. SmartMedia is small, with a size of 45mm × 37mm × 76mm, and very light and thin, the total weight is only 1.8g. There is only flash memory mole and interface on the memory card, but no control chip, so the compatibility is relatively poor. The SM cards of different manufacturers, different devices and different models may not be compatible with each other. The current mainstream capacity of SmartMedia is 128MB, and the common capacities are 32m and 64M< Second, compact flash (CF card)
the compatibility of CF card is very good, so it is widely used. Compact flash was launched by SanDisk company in 1994. Because the flash memory mole and controller are made together, the external devices of CF card can be made relatively simple without compatibility problems, especially the compatibility with old devices can be guaranteed when upgrading, It protects the user's investment, and almost all operating systems support it. CF card is widely used in notebook computers and other digital procts. The size of the CF card is 43mm × 36mm × 3.3mm, only 1 / 4 of PCMCIA card, and CF card itself is compatible with pcmcia-ata function and trueide. The CF card supports both 3.3V and 5V and can operate at both voltages. It has two interface standards: CF type II and CF type I. in terms of physical structure, the spacing of each socket of CF type II card and CF type I card is the same, but CF type II card is thicker than CF type I card. The CF type I card looks half the thickness of type II. In addition, type II is wider than tpye I slot, so CompactFlash type II card cannot be used on type I slot. At present, Lexar company has launched up to 4GB CF card< (3) MMC card is a multi-functional memory card developed by SanDisk and Siemens in 1997. Can be used for mobile phones, digital cameras, digital cameras, MP3 and other digital procts. It has the characteristics of small volume and light weight, and the overall dimension is only 32mm × 24mm × 4mm, weight less than 2G, and impact resistant, can repeatedly read and write records more than 300000 times. The driving voltage is 2.7-3.6v. At present, there are two types of 64M and 128M, which are mostly used for digital cameras and MP3. Recently, there are digital cameras using this card< 4. Secure digital card (SD card)
SD card is a secure digital card, which was jointly developed by Panasonic, Toshiba and SanDisk in August 1999. Although SD card is developed according to MMC card, they are basically different procts, only considering the compatibility problem in the design, so in most cases, the two procts can be interchanged, which is a multi-functional memory card with large capacity, high performance, and more secure features. It has one more code authentication function (SDMI specification) for data right protection than MMC card. It is widely used in MP3, digital camera, e-book, microcomputer, AV equipment, etc. The size of MMC card is a little thicker than 32mm × 24mm × At the beginning of 2002, the capacity of single SD card was 512MB. In 2004, the capacity of single SD card reached 2G, and the data transmission rate was also increased to 10MB / s. This has certain advantages in transmitting some large files. In addition, the reading and writing speed of this card is 4 times faster than that of MMC card, up to 2Mb / s. At the same time, it is compatible with MMC card, and the socket of SD card mostly supports MMC card. From the performance point of view, the biggest difference between the two is that the SD card emphasizes the security of data, and the access rights of programs or data in the card can be set through specific software, so as to avoid users' arbitrary ing and damage the interests of owners. Of course, for ordinary users, this function is useless. On the contrary, the relevant system and encrypted data will occupy 900K capacity of memory card. In addition, SD card and MMC card adopt integrated solid medium, without any moving parts, so there is no need to worry about the loss of data caused by the damage of mechanical movement< 5. Memory stick (MS card)
memory stick is a kind of mobile memory introced by Sony in 1997. It is also known as & 92 because it looks like a bar of gum& quot; Chewing gum& quot; Memory card. At present, only Sony supports it. Unlike other flash memory memory cards, the memory stick specification is non-public and can only be used after signing an agreement. Memory stick has a write protection switch, a controller, a 10 pin interface, a serial data bus, a maximum frequency of 20MHz, a voltage of 2.7V to 3.6V, and an average current of 45mA. At present, the mainstream capacity of memory stick has reached 256MB. In order to meet the needs of right protection, Sony launched a new magic gate memory stick in December 1999, adding the magic gate right protection technology. The new MagicGate memory stick is compatible with memory stick. The shell turns white and a prominent dot is added on the back to show the difference< 6. Extreme digital card (XD card)
XD card is the abbreviation of extreme digital, which means extreme digital. XD card is only 20 × 25mm × It is 1.7mm, 0.85cm3 in total, 2G in weight, only half the size of SMC. Its flash memory read-write speed is one of the fastest memory cards at present, with the read speed of 5MB, 16MB and 32MB per second. The write speed is 1.3mb per second, while the write speed of 64MB or higher is 3MB per second. The power consumption of the driver is less than that of the SM card, only 25MW< 7. Transflash card (TF Card)
SanDisk announced the launch of 256MB transflash on October 26, 2004. Transflash is the smallest flash card in the world, about one fourth of SD card, with a size of 15 x 11 x 1mm, the same size as fingernail. The adapter can be used on the device using SD as the storage medium. Transflash is mainly developed for camera phones to capture large images and download large video clips. Transflash card can be used to store personal data, such as digital photos, MP3, games, applications and personal data for mobile phones, etc. it also has a right protection management system to protect the downloaded music, images and games; In the future, the new transflash will also be equipped with encryption function to protect personal data, financial records and health care documents. The compact transflash allows manufacturers to use this design without worrying about the size of the phone. Another flexible application is that it allows suppliers to replace the phone according to customers' different needs at any time before delivery. This advantage is not available in embedded flash
because transflash can also build in operating system and system data, mobile phone manufacturers and network operators can set customized storage combinations, add new software and upgrade applications. As mobile phone customers often need to convert memory cards, and the same memory card may need to be installed in other electronic procts to share data, SanDisk will also provide standard SD card, miniSD card, Memory Stick PRO Duo card and multimedia cards (MMC). Transflash can operate with the above memory cards in the same mobile phone
several mobile phones of Motorola - A780, E1000 and a1000 are the first procts to use transflash memory card. With A780, E1000 and a1000, transflash has the functions of shooting, recording, playing music and surfing the Internet
10. The answer upstairs is not accurate and does not explain the relationship. Let me add:
EMV is similar to what I said upstairs, but there are still three card organizations. After Eurocard was acquired by MasterCard, Japan's JCB joined. Therefore, at present, emvco is dominated by visa, MasterCard and JCB. The localized version of EMV in China is pboc2 - loan record part of the people's Bank of China<
the EMV specification itself is divided into the electrical layer and protocol layer of level 1, and the application layer of level 2. Programmers should be aware of the difference
as for the version, the latest version of EMV is EMV2000 4.2, but most of the machines on the market are 4.1a-4.1e, while the earlier version 4.0 and emv96 (3.0) have been completely eliminated
before 2007, emvco only stipulated the card and terminal specifications of contactless IC card. In 2007, in order to unify the differences between visa, MasterCard, JCB, etc. on the basis of iso14443 and contactless IC card specifications, EMV issued the formal specification of contactless level 1, version 2.0 (there was informal 1. X specification before 2007)<
next, let's talk about contactless payment. The popular payment methods in the market include contactless chip card and NFC mobile phone payment. The latter is ignored by the owner of the building.
the specifications involved in the former are:
qvsdc / MSD of visa contacts, paypass MIP and paypass MAG stripe of MasterCard, and qpboc / MSD of the people's Bank of China (actually UnionPay)
obviously, from the naming, we can see that qpboc / MSD is actually the Chinese version of visa. The reason is very simple. The card testing center of PBC is the cooperative Laboratory of visa
in addition, e to the widespread application of traditional magnetic stripe card and contact IC card in the market, in order to be compatible with the billing system to the greatest extent, level 2 of non-contact specification includes two application specifications, that is, analog magnetic stripe card, but MSD and paypass MAG stripe for security authentication are added, as well as qvsdc, qpboc and paypass MIP for fully analog CPU card
it can be seen from the above that emvco itself defines the level 1 and level 2 specifications of EMV contact IC card. Other card organizations, including China UnionPay, have no say in this area, and can only conct network access test on the basis of EMV contact level 2, which is usually connected to ISO8583. The emergence of EMV contact IC card is a transformation of level 2 of EMV contact payment, In order to adapt to fast payment and offline consumption (similar to telephone IC card, but different in nature), so the major card organizations go their own way here, even use different level1, which greatly destroys the compatibility. To this end, emvco after several games, finally released the EMV official non-contact level 1, and the major card organizations promised to be compatible with it. For level2, emvco is very sorry that it has not reached a consensus like the contact IC card. Finally, it issued an entry point specification, which is used for the terminal to call various non-contact applications at the same time, such as visa, MasterCard, JCB, pboc2, AMEX and so on
it should be pointed out that the above specifications only define an application core, namely kernel. In actual use, network access tests of major card organizations are also required. These networks, namely acquiring networks, such as China UnionPay, or ICBC, ABC, etc., are usually based on ISO8583 package, while some core data, such as IC card transaction certificate, etc, Access to the billing system through the 55 domain of ISO8583
finally, please remember the terms: level1 = electrical layer and protocol layer, level2 = application layer
the specifications are as follows:
EMV v4.2 Book 1 - Book 4 (4 PDFs), entry point specification v1.0, EMV contactless communication Protoco, etc. of emvco website are free downloads
pboc2 specification of people's Bank of China, and qpboc / MSD, It is generally considered that the Chinese translation of EMV ISA, together with some things unique to China, is relatively difficult to get, and the company should have it
for visa and MasterCard, go to their official website and spend money. Only the company can afford it
EMV is similar to what I said upstairs, but there are still three card organizations. After Eurocard was acquired by MasterCard, Japan's JCB joined. Therefore, at present, emvco is dominated by visa, MasterCard and JCB. The localized version of EMV in China is pboc2 - loan record part of the people's Bank of China<
the EMV specification itself is divided into the electrical layer and protocol layer of level 1, and the application layer of level 2. Programmers should be aware of the difference
as for the version, the latest version of EMV is EMV2000 4.2, but most of the machines on the market are 4.1a-4.1e, while the earlier version 4.0 and emv96 (3.0) have been completely eliminated
before 2007, emvco only stipulated the card and terminal specifications of contactless IC card. In 2007, in order to unify the differences between visa, MasterCard, JCB, etc. on the basis of iso14443 and contactless IC card specifications, EMV issued the formal specification of contactless level 1, version 2.0 (there was informal 1. X specification before 2007)<
next, let's talk about contactless payment. The popular payment methods in the market include contactless chip card and NFC mobile phone payment. The latter is ignored by the owner of the building.
the specifications involved in the former are:
qvsdc / MSD of visa contacts, paypass MIP and paypass MAG stripe of MasterCard, and qpboc / MSD of the people's Bank of China (actually UnionPay)
obviously, from the naming, we can see that qpboc / MSD is actually the Chinese version of visa. The reason is very simple. The card testing center of PBC is the cooperative Laboratory of visa
in addition, e to the widespread application of traditional magnetic stripe card and contact IC card in the market, in order to be compatible with the billing system to the greatest extent, level 2 of non-contact specification includes two application specifications, that is, analog magnetic stripe card, but MSD and paypass MAG stripe for security authentication are added, as well as qvsdc, qpboc and paypass MIP for fully analog CPU card
it can be seen from the above that emvco itself defines the level 1 and level 2 specifications of EMV contact IC card. Other card organizations, including China UnionPay, have no say in this area, and can only conct network access test on the basis of EMV contact level 2, which is usually connected to ISO8583. The emergence of EMV contact IC card is a transformation of level 2 of EMV contact payment, In order to adapt to fast payment and offline consumption (similar to telephone IC card, but different in nature), so the major card organizations go their own way here, even use different level1, which greatly destroys the compatibility. To this end, emvco after several games, finally released the EMV official non-contact level 1, and the major card organizations promised to be compatible with it. For level2, emvco is very sorry that it has not reached a consensus like the contact IC card. Finally, it issued an entry point specification, which is used for the terminal to call various non-contact applications at the same time, such as visa, MasterCard, JCB, pboc2, AMEX and so on
it should be pointed out that the above specifications only define an application core, namely kernel. In actual use, network access tests of major card organizations are also required. These networks, namely acquiring networks, such as China UnionPay, or ICBC, ABC, etc., are usually based on ISO8583 package, while some core data, such as IC card transaction certificate, etc, Access to the billing system through the 55 domain of ISO8583
finally, please remember the terms: level1 = electrical layer and protocol layer, level2 = application layer
the specifications are as follows:
EMV v4.2 Book 1 - Book 4 (4 PDFs), entry point specification v1.0, EMV contactless communication Protoco, etc. of emvco website are free downloads
pboc2 specification of people's Bank of China, and qpboc / MSD, It is generally considered that the Chinese translation of EMV ISA, together with some things unique to China, is relatively difficult to get, and the company should have it
for visa and MasterCard, go to their official website and spend money. Only the company can afford it
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