Digital currency and mobile payment
digital currency is also different from virtual currency. For example, the well-known Q coin and the money recharged in various games are virtual currency. These virtual currencies can only be purchased with real currency, but cannot be converted into real currency
in the world, bitcoin is probably the most famous digital currency. In addition, there are "Wright coin", "Dog Coin" and "Yuan Bao coin" in China.
1、 Different definitions:
1. Electronic currency:
refers to the currency paid by electronic means
2. Digital currency:
is a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm
Electronic currency: Based on computer technology, it can be widely used in the fields of proction, exchange, distribution and consumption. It has many functions such as financial savings, credit and non cash settlement2. Digital currency:
e to some open algorithms, digital currency has no issuers, so no one or institution can control its issuance; Because the number of algorithm solutions is fixed, the total amount of digital currency is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by the overuse of virtual currency; Because the transaction process needs the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough
Third, the same point:the circulation mode of e-money and digital money is two-way circulation
extended data
e-money is the virtualization of the value scale of real money and the function of payment means. It is a kind of money without monetary entity. Electronic currency is an invisible currency based on highly developed electronic technology
the value of e-money is transferred from the consumer to the seller through the sales terminal, and then the seller redeems the money. The e-money held by the merchant is sent to the e-money issuer to redeem the money, or to the bank. The bank debits the corresponding amount on its account, and then the bank settles with the issuer through the clearing institution
electronic money can transfer money value directly among the holders. It does not require the intervention of third parties, such as banks. This is also the essential difference between electronic money and traditional cash card and transfer card. p>
1. Application of different
digital currency: fast, economic and safe payment and settlement; Bill finance and supply chain finance; The real right of collateral is digitalized
e-money: the seller sends the buyer's payment instructions to the seller's acquiring bank through the payment gateway; The acquiring bank obtains the authorization from the issuing bank through the bank card network, and sends the authorization information back to the seller through the payment gateway; After obtaining the authorization, the Seller shall send the buyer the shopping completion information. If payment acquisition and payment authorization cannot be completed at the same time, the seller should send payment acquisition request to the acquiring bank through the payment gateway, and transfer the transaction funds from the buyer to the seller's account. The final inter-bank settlement is completed by the payment system between banks
2. Different characteristics
digital currency is characterized by low transaction cost, fast transaction speed and high anonymity
e-currency is characterized by anonymity, saving transaction cost, saving transmission cost, small holding risk, flexible and convenient payment, anti-counterfeiting and anti repetition, and non traceability
Digital currency can be divided into three categories: completely closed, unrelated to the real economy and only used in specific virtual communities, such as world of warcraft gold; It can be purchased in real currency but not converted back to real currency, and can be used to purchase virtual goods and services, such as Facebook credit; It can exchange and redeem with real currency according to a certain ratio. It can purchase both virtual goods and services and real goods and services, such as bitcoine-money: e-cash based on the Internet environment and keeping the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; An electronic wallet that keeps the value of money in an IC card and can be circulated out of the bank payment system
1、 Different monetary attributes
1. Digital currency:
digital currency belongs to legal tender
2. Wechat:
wechat belongs to the third-party payment instrument
3, Alipay:
Alipay belongs to the third party payment tool. p>
2. Different issuers
1. Digital currency:
the issuer of digital currency is the central bank
2. Wechat:
the clearing Party of wechat is a commercial bank
3, Alipay:
Alipay's settlement party is commercial bank. p>
extended data
in the third-party payment mode, the buyer uses the account provided by the third-party platform to pay for the goods (to the third party), and the third party notifies the seller of the arrival of the goods and requires delivery; After receiving the goods, inspecting the goods and confirming, the buyer shall notify the third party for payment; The third party transfers the money to the seller's account
digital currency can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm. The core characteristics of digital currency are mainly reflected in three aspects:
1. Due to some open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing subject, so no one or organization can control its issuing
Because the number of algorithm solutions is determined, the total amount of digital currency is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by the overuse of virtual currency3. Because the transaction process needs the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough
The digital currency DC / EP issued by the central bank on a pilot basis is the abbreviation of "digital currency" and "electronic payment". In fact, it is the digital version of RMB
the functions and properties of this kind of currency are exactly the same as paper money, but its form is digital. The main function of digital currency DC / EP is to replace M0 (cash in circulation, i.e. banknotes and coins){ RRRRR}
and DC / EP does not need to be bound to a bank account and can be used directly as cash. Of course, DC / EP also needs an "online wallet" to store. It is not known whether the wallet is a separate app or integrated into a third-party payment platform
although mobile payment is already very convenient, you may have encountered such a scenario, because there is no network to complete the payment, and using cash will not have such a problem. As a digital currency, DC / EP can also complete the payment without network
1. Digital currency
digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and password currency belong to digital currency
digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography
features: the use of P2P peer-to-peer network technology to issue, manage and circulate currency theoretically avoids bureaucratic examination and approval, so that everyone has the right to issue currency
Electronic money means that a certain amount of cash or deposit is exchanged from the issuer and the data representing the same amount is obtained. By using some electronic methods, the data is directly transferred to the payment object, so that the debt can be paid off. Strictly speaking, consumers pay traditional money to the issuers of electronic money, and the issuers store the equal value of traditional money in the electronic devices held by consumers in electronic form. In short, when we deposit money into our bank account, there will be an extra number in the bank account, which means how much money we have saved. In this process, we give the banknotes in our hands to the bank, and the bank adds a number to our bank card, which is our electronic currencyfeatures:
< UL >e-money and paper money (or physical money) can be easily converted to each other
the data of electronic currency corresponds to the same amount of physical currency
we need to pay physical money to the issuers of e-money (banks and other financial institutions) in order to exchange for the same amount of e-money
3. The similarity between digital currency and electronic currency: both exist in the form of electronic data
The differences between digital currency and electronic currency are as follows:electronic currency has an issuing institution, and the corresponding amount of physical currency in the institution can be exchanged with physical currency; However, digital currency has no specific issuing institution (decentralization) and can only exist in network data
at present, there is no international consensus on whether digital currency is a currency or not, so in China, the main form of digital currency is "investment proct", which is a rather risky investment proct, and only a few businesses are willing to accept digital currency consumption; Of course, some countries (Germany, etc.) have officially recognized the currency status of digital currency
In recent years, the rise of financial technology drives the digital and intelligent development of finance, and the form of money is also evolving. Recently, the news of digital currency has attracted people's attention, and there is still a lot of gap with the current online payment
will not be replaced. Another important reason is that as long as one pixel of 3D code is damaged, or the color presents chromatic aberration, it may be unable to read. But now there are many electronic procts, chromaticity is not the same, there will be color difference, so it is difficult to identify. However, the QR code will not have such a situation, sometimes even some damaged information can be read completely, which does not affect the use of . So compared with the two-dimensional code, its practicability is not very strong
Although the idea of collecting patent fees from Chinese people could not be realized, Teng Hongyuan did not attach importance to the invention at the beginning, so Chinese inventors improved the QR code, which also promoted the spread of QR code in China. Three dimensional code is really good, but because both businesses and users are used to two-dimensional code, it is almost impossible for three-dimensional code to replace two-dimensional code in a short time< after all, although 3D code is better than 2D code, 3D code also needs to be swept. So even if 3D code can replace 2D code, it is estimated that it will be many years later. After all, it takes a long time for users to get used to itAccording to the cloud flash payment red envelope activity launched by UnionPay, the cloud flash payment app has prepared four new year red envelopes: open door lucky red envelope, sign in red envelope every day, invite relatives and friends red envelope, and initiate transfer red envelope. Users can get up to 2018 yuan a day
before, Alipay and WeChat both rolled up their sleeves to prepare for a big fight in the red envelope war ring the Spring Festival. Now the UnionPay with the national team background has brought more expectations to many people. P>
, as a non bank financial service provider, has long time since Alipay avoided regulatory restrictions and extended its services overseas. However, at the end of 2016, Alipay was required to close all offshore financial accounts and have a considerable impact on its Southeast Asian business. p>
and the most popular application of wechat overseas is its own social attribute. In mobile payment, wechat payment has established external partners to jointly develop overseas markets. In South Africa, wechat payment has launched an international payment solution. Users can now use wechat wallet to send and receive money or withdraw cash from ATMs. However, the number of cooperative countries is far less than that of UnionPay partners
as of June 2017, the UnionPay network has spread all over China's urban and rural areas, and has extended to 160 countries and regions outside Asia, Europe, America, Oceania, Africa, etc
compared with the other two, UnionPay's huge number of users has also laid a foundation for its future; First brother & quot; Status. Data show that up to now, China's UnionPay cards have issued more than 5.4 billion cards, and the transaction volume of UnionPay cards in 2016 alone exceeded 38 billion
UnionPay also pays more attention to cardholders going abroad. In 2015, the United States attracted more than 2.5 million Chinese tourists, who spent more than $40 billion locally. Through the development of cooperative relationship in the United States, UnionPay has been able to successfully enter the U.S. market and further increase its overseas market share
UnionPay has said that the acceptance network of UnionPay cards in the United States is tending to be perfect. At present, almost all ATMs in the United States can withdraw cash with UnionPay card, and more than 80% of businesses can pay with UnionPay credit card. In New York, Hawaii, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Orlando, Chicago and other famous shopping centers and outlets business circles, UnionPay card acceptance coverage generally exceeds 90%
UnionPay's international layout
UnionPay began to take its international step in 2004. At the end of 2012, China UnionPay International Co., Ltd. (UnionPay International), a long-standing company, officially opened in Shanghai. As a subsidiary of China UnionPay, it will be responsible for the exclusive business of China UnionPay international
at present, no UnionPay proct can be compared with its international layout. Today, UnionPay has basically achieved global coverage
the data shows that the overseas acceptance network of UnionPay card has covered more than 160 countries and regions. Hong Kong, Macao, Mongolia, Cuba and the United Arab Emirates have basically achieved full acceptance. 80% of merchants in Northeast Asia can use UnionPay cards, more than 70% of merchants in Southeast Asia can accept UnionPay cards, more than 80% of merchants in the United States can use UnionPay credit cards, half of merchants in Europe can use UnionPay cards, and 90% of ATMs and 75% of merchants in Australia can also use UnionPay cards
according to other data, there are more than 10 million overseas online merchants accepting UnionPay cards, and they have graally formed advantages in the fields of ecation payment and air booking. More than 2000 overseas schools support UnionPay card online tuition payment, and the official websites of nearly 40 international airlines support UnionPay card online ticket purchase
the relevant person in charge of UnionPay International said that a series of innovative procts such as UnionPay online payment, UnionPay mobile phone flash payment, UnionPay QR code and UnionPay wallet procts are ushering in richer cross-border application scenarios
It's true. Since the beginning of 2018, UnionPay international and Huawei have signed a cooperation agreement, and the two sides have reached cooperation on jointly promoting the globalization of Huawei pay and speeding up the overseas landing, which is also regarded as an important step in the international layout of UnionPayStandard Bank of South Africa and UnionPay international have reached a cooperation agreement in Johannesburg, South Africa, which will make use of the resources of standard bank to further promote UnionPay payment services in the African market, and standard bank will become the first financial institution in South Africa that may issue UnionPay card qualification
from the perspective of Unionpay's actions, the strategic advantage of UnionPay is its huge outbound China card account, plus its natural & lt; National team; Advantages, as well as the layout of UnionPay in mobile payment, who ignores UnionPay in the future will have to bear the consequences