Digital currency 1984
Publish: 2021-04-18 22:25:16
1. Arrangement management is a basic management of modern large supermarket chain. It not only maintains the cleanness, beauty and fullness of our arrangement, but also plays an important role in the specification of replenishment and price tag. Therefore, we need to attach great importance to the management of arrangement, and formulate the relevant regulations of arrangement management. The store will number all the display positions (including pile head, end rack, hanging net and other special display positions) according to the class group, define the management personnel in charge of the display position, and publicize them in the responsible display area with the display management card (the management card includes the employee's photo, job number, the display number, service supervision telephone number and group purchase consultation telephone number)
the people's Bank of China has been studying legal digital currency since 2014. According to the relevant person in charge of the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China, at present, the research and development of digital RMB is steadily advancing. Under the premise of adhering to double-layer operation, currency (M0) substitution in circulation and controllable anonymity, the digital RMB system has basically completed the top-level design, standard formulation, function research and development, joint debugging and testing, etc., and followed the principles of steady, safe, controllable, innovative and stable development The principle of practicality
the relevant person in charge of the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China stressed that the current online transmission of DC / EP information is the test content in the process of technology research and development, which does not mean the official launch of digital RMB. The current closed test of digital RMB will not affect the commercial operation of listed companies, nor will it affect the RMB issuance and circulation system, financial market and social economy outside the test environment< In short, the digital currency of the people's Bank of China is the electronic version of RMB
when it comes to digital currency, your first reaction may be bitcoin or Libra, which Facebook plans to launch< However, unlike these so-called digital currencies, the digital currency to be launched by the Central Bank of China has national credit endorsement, which can be said to be the electronic version of RMB. Therefore, the digital currency of the central bank has the nature of legal compensation
more importantly, with the endorsement of the state, the value of the central bank's digital currency will be more stable. Bitcoin and other so-called virtual currencies can not guarantee the stability of currency value, so it is common to be "cut leeks"
from the perspective of usage scenarios, the central bank's digital currency does not pay interest, and can be used in small, retail and high-frequency business scenarios, which is no different from paper money. At the same time, the use should comply with all the existing regulations on cash management, anti money laundering and anti-terrorism financing.
the people's Bank of China has been studying legal digital currency since 2014. According to the relevant person in charge of the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China, at present, the research and development of digital RMB is steadily advancing. Under the premise of adhering to double-layer operation, currency (M0) substitution in circulation and controllable anonymity, the digital RMB system has basically completed the top-level design, standard formulation, function research and development, joint debugging and testing, etc., and followed the principles of steady, safe, controllable, innovative and stable development The principle of practicality
the relevant person in charge of the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China stressed that the current online transmission of DC / EP information is the test content in the process of technology research and development, which does not mean the official launch of digital RMB. The current closed test of digital RMB will not affect the commercial operation of listed companies, nor will it affect the RMB issuance and circulation system, financial market and social economy outside the test environment< In short, the digital currency of the people's Bank of China is the electronic version of RMB
when it comes to digital currency, your first reaction may be bitcoin or Libra, which Facebook plans to launch< However, unlike these so-called digital currencies, the digital currency to be launched by the Central Bank of China has national credit endorsement, which can be said to be the electronic version of RMB. Therefore, the digital currency of the central bank has the nature of legal compensation
more importantly, with the endorsement of the state, the value of the central bank's digital currency will be more stable. Bitcoin and other so-called virtual currencies can not guarantee the stability of currency value, so it is common to be "cut leeks"
from the perspective of usage scenarios, the central bank's digital currency does not pay interest, and can be used in small, retail and high-frequency business scenarios, which is no different from paper money. At the same time, the use should comply with all the existing regulations on cash management, anti money laundering and anti-terrorism financing.
2.
In the process of formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it has experienced five extremely significant evolutions:
1, the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency
2
3. The evolution from local coinage to central coinage4. From the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao
5. The evolution from metal currency to paper currency
From the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, China has established four monetary systems: cloth coin, knife goods, ant nose money and ring money. Later, it went through the Qin, Tang, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, until December 1, 1948, the people's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB 
knowledge development:
commemorative coin
ordinary commemorative coin is RMB with specific theme and limited issue. Since the people's Bank of China issued the first set of ordinary commemorative coins in 1984, it has issued 63 sets of 75 ordinary commemorative coins, with a total circulation of about 850 million. The denominations range from 1 jiao, 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan and 100 yuan, which condenses the glorious achievements and major historical events of the people's Republic of China over 50 years into the square inch of commemorative coins
3. Introction:
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, directly under the people's Bank of China, is a large state-owned enterprise that integrates RMB design, R & D, printing and service for the whole life cycle management of cash, and is committed to the development of currency culture instry and digital currency research
as the designer, manufacturer and maintainer of national fiat money, as well as the provider of comprehensive monetary solutions, China Banknote Printing and Minting has always shouldered the lofty mission of "pursuing excellence for national minting". Adhering to the enterprise tenet of "high quality and safety, scientific development and increasing efficiency", China Banknote Printing and Minting has been working hard in the field of cash manufacturing and cash services, successively designing, manufacturing, printing and Minting Five sets of RMB and commemorative banknotes (commemorative banknotes) with rich themes, advanced technology, exquisite printing and great significance have been printed, and they have been designed and printed for many countries and regions
in the field of global banknote printing and mint, China's banknote printing and Mint has the largest instrial scale, the most complete professional categories and the most complete instrial chain. The head office has jurisdiction over 23 large and medium-sized enterprises (including one national technology research and development center, China Banknote Research Institute). Including 7 banknote printing companies, 3 Mint companies, 2 banknote paper proction enterprises, 3 special anti-counterfeiting, special ink, engraving and plate making professional companies and 7 market-oriented enterprises, distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Cheng, Xi'an, Shijiazhuang, Nanchang, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Nanjing, Haikou, Shenzhen, Baoding, Kunshan and other cities
China's banknote printing and mint is also the manufacturer of standard treasury funds; It is a comprehensive solution provider of high-end anti-counterfeiting procts represented by financial bills, ID cards, real estate certificates, passports, marriage certificates, etc; It is the manufacturer of important badges and monetary and cultural procts represented by the national emblem, Olympic medals, national honor medals and commemorative medals; At the same time, keep up with the pace of the times, and actively layout the research and development of digital currency. Its comprehensive design ability, technology research and development ability, proction and manufacturing ability, management and operation ability have ranked among the world's advanced ranks. It has realized the localization output of the whole instrial chain of banknote printing, coin making and professional equipment manufacturing, and has become a decisive force on the international stage of banknote printing and coin making
originated from banknote printing and coinage, it must be different; Money printing and coin making procts must be extraordinary. The procts of China's banknote printing and Minting bear the reputation of the country, with advanced and reliable technology, strict and standardized management, and widely trusted brands
in the new era, China's banknote printing and Minting is closely around the four major instrial sectors of "cash printing, cash service, currency culture and digital currency", with the vision of building a world-class banknote printing and Minting enterprise with global competitiveness, adhering to the road of high-quality development, and leading the development with scientific and technological innovation, management innovation and cultural innovation, Make "Chinese business card" more brilliant<
legal representative: Liu Guisheng
date of establishment: July 2, 1984
registered capital: RMB 95707438638
region: Beijing
unified social credit Code: 911100001016090265
business status: opening
instry: manufacturing
Company type: ownership by the whole people
personnel size: 100-500 people
address: Beijing Kaixuan building, No.143, Ximenwai street, Xicheng District,
business scope: engaged in the proction, operation and marketing activities of banknote printing, coin making, paper making, special equipment, anti-counterfeiting ink, bank machines and tools, bank cards, VAT invoices, securities, anti-counterfeiting bills, anti-counterfeiting certificates, precious metal refining and processing, etc Import and export of services and procts and other approved businesses Enterprises independently choose business projects and carry out business activities according to law; For projects that need to be approved according to law, business activities shall be carried out according to the approved contents after being approved by relevant departments; It is not allowed to engage in business activities of projects prohibited or restricted by the instrial policies of this Municipality.)
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, directly under the people's Bank of China, is a large state-owned enterprise that integrates RMB design, R & D, printing and service for the whole life cycle management of cash, and is committed to the development of currency culture instry and digital currency research
as the designer, manufacturer and maintainer of national fiat money, as well as the provider of comprehensive monetary solutions, China Banknote Printing and Minting has always shouldered the lofty mission of "pursuing excellence for national minting". Adhering to the enterprise tenet of "high quality and safety, scientific development and increasing efficiency", China Banknote Printing and Minting has been working hard in the field of cash manufacturing and cash services, successively designing, manufacturing, printing and Minting Five sets of RMB and commemorative banknotes (commemorative banknotes) with rich themes, advanced technology, exquisite printing and great significance have been printed, and they have been designed and printed for many countries and regions
in the field of global banknote printing and mint, China's banknote printing and Mint has the largest instrial scale, the most complete professional categories and the most complete instrial chain. The head office has jurisdiction over 23 large and medium-sized enterprises (including one national technology research and development center, China Banknote Research Institute). Including 7 banknote printing companies, 3 Mint companies, 2 banknote paper proction enterprises, 3 special anti-counterfeiting, special ink, engraving and plate making professional companies and 7 market-oriented enterprises, distributed in Beijing, Shanghai, Cheng, Xi'an, Shijiazhuang, Nanchang, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Nanjing, Haikou, Shenzhen, Baoding, Kunshan and other cities
China's banknote printing and mint is also the manufacturer of standard treasury funds; It is a comprehensive solution provider of high-end anti-counterfeiting procts represented by financial bills, ID cards, real estate certificates, passports, marriage certificates, etc; It is the manufacturer of important badges and monetary and cultural procts represented by the national emblem, Olympic medals, national honor medals and commemorative medals; At the same time, keep up with the pace of the times, and actively layout the research and development of digital currency. Its comprehensive design ability, technology research and development ability, proction and manufacturing ability, management and operation ability have ranked among the world's advanced ranks. It has realized the localization output of the whole instrial chain of banknote printing, coin making and professional equipment manufacturing, and has become a decisive force on the international stage of banknote printing and coin making
originated from banknote printing and coinage, it must be different; Money printing and coin making procts must be extraordinary. The procts of China's banknote printing and Minting bear the reputation of the country, with advanced and reliable technology, strict and standardized management, and widely trusted brands
in the new era, China's banknote printing and Minting is closely around the four major instrial sectors of "cash printing, cash service, currency culture and digital currency", with the vision of building a world-class banknote printing and Minting enterprise with global competitiveness, adhering to the road of high-quality development, and leading the development with scientific and technological innovation, management innovation and cultural innovation, Make "Chinese business card" more brilliant<
legal representative: Liu Guisheng
date of establishment: July 2, 1984
registered capital: RMB 95707438638
region: Beijing
unified social credit Code: 911100001016090265
business status: opening
instry: manufacturing
Company type: ownership by the whole people
personnel size: 100-500 people
address: Beijing Kaixuan building, No.143, Ximenwai street, Xicheng District,
business scope: engaged in the proction, operation and marketing activities of banknote printing, coin making, paper making, special equipment, anti-counterfeiting ink, bank machines and tools, bank cards, VAT invoices, securities, anti-counterfeiting bills, anti-counterfeiting certificates, precious metal refining and processing, etc Import and export of services and procts and other approved businesses Enterprises independently choose business projects and carry out business activities according to law; For projects that need to be approved according to law, business activities shall be carried out according to the approved contents after being approved by relevant departments; It is not allowed to engage in business activities of projects prohibited or restricted by the instrial policies of this Municipality.)
4. How high is the market value of ICBC? Second only to one bank in the world
recently, with the rising share price of ICBC, the market value of ICBC has made a new breakthrough, surpassing Wells Fargo and ranking second in the world! Among them, net profit ranked first in the world<
everyone, I wish you happiness
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list of the top five banks in the global market value, dominated by the United States and China. The latest market value of JPMorgan Chase in the United States is 303.3 billion US dollars, ranking first, while instrial and Commercial Bank of China is up one place, ranking second with a market value of 263.9 billion US dollars, surpassing Wells Fargo. In addition, CCB ranked fifth with a market value of 209.8 billion US dollars<
although the market value of ICBC ranks second, the net profit of ICBC ranks first, and CCB ranks second, with a profit margin of about 40%. JPMorgan Chase, the world's largest bank, has a net profit of about 25%, which can only rank third. In terms of static P / E ratio, ICBC and CCB are not high at around 6%, while the major US banks are basically maintaining around 12%
can ICBC become the world's largest bank< Instrial and Commercial Bank of China was established on January 1, 1984. On October 27, 2006, it was successfully listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the stock exchange of Hong Kong on the same day. It is the largest commercial bank in China, providing a wide range of financial procts and services to 5.32 million corporate customers and 496 million indivial customers worldwide. At present, the net profit of instrial and Commercial Bank of China has reached the first place in the world, and has increased year after year. According to this trend, it will be sooner or later for instrial and Commercial Bank of China to surpass JPMorgan Chase and become the largest bank in the world!
recently, with the rising share price of ICBC, the market value of ICBC has made a new breakthrough, surpassing Wells Fargo and ranking second in the world! Among them, net profit ranked first in the world<
everyone, I wish you happiness
Advertising
list of the top five banks in the global market value, dominated by the United States and China. The latest market value of JPMorgan Chase in the United States is 303.3 billion US dollars, ranking first, while instrial and Commercial Bank of China is up one place, ranking second with a market value of 263.9 billion US dollars, surpassing Wells Fargo. In addition, CCB ranked fifth with a market value of 209.8 billion US dollars<
although the market value of ICBC ranks second, the net profit of ICBC ranks first, and CCB ranks second, with a profit margin of about 40%. JPMorgan Chase, the world's largest bank, has a net profit of about 25%, which can only rank third. In terms of static P / E ratio, ICBC and CCB are not high at around 6%, while the major US banks are basically maintaining around 12%
can ICBC become the world's largest bank< Instrial and Commercial Bank of China was established on January 1, 1984. On October 27, 2006, it was successfully listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the stock exchange of Hong Kong on the same day. It is the largest commercial bank in China, providing a wide range of financial procts and services to 5.32 million corporate customers and 496 million indivial customers worldwide. At present, the net profit of instrial and Commercial Bank of China has reached the first place in the world, and has increased year after year. According to this trend, it will be sooner or later for instrial and Commercial Bank of China to surpass JPMorgan Chase and become the largest bank in the world!
5. What are the coins from 1954 to 198485? I've already forgotten. You can check it on the Internet
6. We can't find the specific exchange rate at that time,
but in the 1980s, RMB was still very valuable,
at that time, the exchange rate between us dollar and RMB was about 1:2
no more than RMB 4000.
but in the 1980s, RMB was still very valuable,
at that time, the exchange rate between us dollar and RMB was about 1:2
no more than RMB 4000.
7. The legal currency of the people's Republic of China is RMB. The people's Bank of China is the national authority in charge of the management of RMB and is responsible for the design, printing and issuance of RMB
the unit of RMB is yuan, and the secondary currency units of RMB are Jiao and Fen. One yuan is ten Jiao, and one Jiao is ten Fen. The first letter of Pinyin of RMB is capital Y with two horizontal lines, namely & quot&# 165;& quot;
since the issuance of RMB, the people's Republic of China has spent 71 years. With the development of economic construction and the needs of people's life, it has graally improved and improved. So far, it has issued five sets of RMB, forming a variety of monetary systems, such as paper currency and metal currency, ordinary commemorative currency and precious metal commemorative currency. Except for 1, 2 and 5 cents coins, the first set, the second set and the third set of RMB have been withdrawn from circulation, and the fourth set of RMB has been suspended from circulation since May 1, 2018 (except 10 cents and 50 cents notes and 50 cents and 1 yuan coins). The circulating RMB is mainly the fifth set of RMB issued in 1999, 2005, 2015 and 2019
on January 20, 2016, the people's Bank of China disclosed at a meeting held here that it will strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible. The meeting held that under the current new normal of China's economy, exploring the issue of digital currency by the central bank has positive practical significance and far-reaching historical significance
on November 30, 2015, the International Monetary Fund announced that RMB would be officially included in the IMF's special drawing rights basket, with a weight of 10.92%. The resolution came into effect on October 1, 2016.
the unit of RMB is yuan, and the secondary currency units of RMB are Jiao and Fen. One yuan is ten Jiao, and one Jiao is ten Fen. The first letter of Pinyin of RMB is capital Y with two horizontal lines, namely & quot&# 165;& quot;
since the issuance of RMB, the people's Republic of China has spent 71 years. With the development of economic construction and the needs of people's life, it has graally improved and improved. So far, it has issued five sets of RMB, forming a variety of monetary systems, such as paper currency and metal currency, ordinary commemorative currency and precious metal commemorative currency. Except for 1, 2 and 5 cents coins, the first set, the second set and the third set of RMB have been withdrawn from circulation, and the fourth set of RMB has been suspended from circulation since May 1, 2018 (except 10 cents and 50 cents notes and 50 cents and 1 yuan coins). The circulating RMB is mainly the fifth set of RMB issued in 1999, 2005, 2015 and 2019
on January 20, 2016, the people's Bank of China disclosed at a meeting held here that it will strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible. The meeting held that under the current new normal of China's economy, exploring the issue of digital currency by the central bank has positive practical significance and far-reaching historical significance
on November 30, 2015, the International Monetary Fund announced that RMB would be officially included in the IMF's special drawing rights basket, with a weight of 10.92%. The resolution came into effect on October 1, 2016.
8.
As one of the core developers of bitcoin wallet, Mike Hearn wrote in January 2016 that "I have sold all bitcoin". For this reason, the media can't wait to publish the headline of "bitcoin is dead"
at that time, he wrote in his blog:
"although it is known that bitcoin is about to fail, I am still heartbroken. The foundation of bitcoin instry has been broken. No matter how the price changes in the short term, it will always show a decline in the long term. I'm not going to continue any bitcoin development business, and I've sold all bitcoin. "
however, the old player of the coin circle will remember that he once proposed the vulnerability of bitcoin in 14 years, and expressed surprise at the heavy load that bitcoin had assumed at that time. Now the transaction volume of bitcoin has doubled at that time. Although facing some problems, as one of the most perfect applications of blockchain technology, it is still running stably
the price soared
after Hearn said that he no longer paid attention to bitcoin and sold all the bitcoin he held, the price of bitcoin increased exponentially in this year - from rmb2700 at that time to 9000 at present, more than tripled in one year! Even the central bank's appointment with the exchange and the exchange's restrictions on currency withdrawal have failed to stop the enthusiasm of investors
don't ask me whether it's suitable for me to start bitcoin now. I can't predict it. The popular language is "there are risks in the market, investment should be cautious". I only know that blockchain technology is rising and everything is developing in a good direction, but I don't know how Hearn feels now
9. RMB (abbreviation: RMB; Currency code: CNY; Currency symbol: & It is the legal tender of the people's Republic of China. Issued by the people's Bank of China, the currency was first issued on December 1, 1948. Until the new version was launched on October 1, 1999, a total of five sets were issued, forming a multi variety and multi series monetary system including banknotes, coins and plastic banknotes, ordinary commemorative coins and precious metal commemorative coins. On January 20, 2016, the people's Bank of China disclosed at a meeting held here that it would strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible. The meeting held that under the current new normal of China's economy, exploring the issue of digital currency by the central bank has positive practical and far-reaching historical significance<
issue history
editor
except for 1, 2 and 5 cents coins, the first, second and third sets of RMB have been withdrawn from circulation. The circulating RMB is the fourth set of RMB and the fifth set of RMB, mainly the fifth set, and the two sets of RMB circulate at the same time; The paper currency in circulation are: 1,5 Jiao, 1,5,10,20,50,100 yuan; There are one dime, five dimes and one yuan in coins< Among the five sets of RMB displayed in the China Coin Museum, the first set of RMB is arranged from right to left, which is different from the later four sets of RMB by the people's Bank of China, The arrangement of "people's Bank of China" on the RMB has been changed from left to right< The first set of RMB was issued from December 1, 1948 to December 1953. There are 12 denominations and 62 editions in total, including 2 1 yuan coupons, 4 5 yuan coupons, 4 10 yuan coupons, 7 20 yuan coupons, 7 50 yuan coupons, 10 100 yuan coupons, 5 200 yuan coupons, 6 500 yuan coupons, 6 1000 yuan coupons, 5 5000 yuan coupons, 4 10000 yuan coupons, and 2 50000 yuan coupons (there are two editions of 100 yuan coupons and 50 yuan coupons for front Wanshou mountain view issued in 1949)[ 4]
in 1948, with the smooth progress of the people's Liberation War, the scattered liberated areas quickly became one. In order to adapt to the development of the situation, a unified currency is urgently needed to replace the original kinds of complicated and inconvenient currencies in the liberated areas. To this end, on December 1, 1948, the people's Bank of China was established in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province. On the same day, it began to issue unified RMB. At that time, Comrade Dong Biwu, chairman of the North China People's government, inscribed the name of the people's Bank of China on the RMB[ 5]
after the issuance of RMB, the circulation area was graally expanded, the issuance and circulation of local currency in the original liberated areas were stopped one after another, and the local currency was graally recovered according to the stipulated price. At the beginning of 1949, the head office of the people's Bank of China moved to Beiping (today's Beijing), and branches of the people's Bank of China were successively established in all provinces, cities and autonomous regions. By the end of 1951, RMB became the only legal currency in China and circulated throughout the country except Taiwan and Tibet (since July 15, 1957, RMB was officially used in Western Tibet)
on the day of its establishment, the people's Bank of China issued RMB with denominations of 10 yuan, 20 yuan and 50 yuan, all of which were printed in Nanyu village by the first printing office of the Bank of North China[ 4]
the unified issuance of RMB is a major measure taken to meet the national liberation. It eliminated all kinds of currencies issued by the Kuomintang government, ended decades of inflation under the Kuomintang rule and China's nearly 100 years of history of foreign currency, gold and silver currency trading in the market, and promoted the overall victory of the people's Liberation War, It played an important role in the early period of economic recovery< The second set of RMB was issued from March 1, 1955 to April 20, 1962. On February 21, 1955, the State Council issued an order, deciding that the people's Bank of China would issue the second set of RMB and recover the first set of RMB from March 1, 1955. As the legacy of inflation for many years before liberation has not been completely eliminated, the face value of the first set of RMB is relatively large (up to 50000 yuan), and the unit value is relatively low. When calculating in circulation, taking 10000 yuan as the unit is not concive to commodity circulation and economic development, and brings great inconvenience to people's life. In addition, e to the limitation of material and technical conditions at that time, the paper quality of the first set of RMB was poor, there were many kinds of coupons (62 kinds), the text description was single, and the face damage was serious
the conversion ratio between the second set of RMB and the first set of RMB is: RMB 1 in the second set is equal to RMB 10000 in the first set. On March 1, 1955, the second set of RMB was announced and issued in 10 kinds, including 1, 2, 5, 1 jiao, 2 jiao, 5 jiao, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 3 yuan and 5 yuan. On December 1, 1957, the second set of RMB was issued in 10 kinds. At the same time, in order to facilitate circulation, the State Council issued an order to issue one cent, two cent and five cent coins from December 1, 1957, equivalent to paper cents. Later, the patterns and patterns of the 1-yuan note and the 5-yuan note were adjusted and the colors were changed. On March 25, 1961 and April 20, 1962, the black 1-yuan note and the brown 5-yuan note were issued respectively, which increased the editions of the second set of RMB from 11 to 16. On April 14, 1964, the people's Bank of China issued the "Circular on the recovery of three kinds of RMB bills", which decided to take back the 1953 version of 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan banknotes issued by the Soviet Union from April 15, 1964, and stop the collection and circulation on May 15, 1964[ 5]
the content of the second set of main scenes of RMB reflects the style of new China's socialist construction, the fighting course of the Communist Party of China's revolution and the theme of great unity of all ethnic groups. The banknote style breaks the original fixed four border form and adopts a new specification with symmetrical left and right patterns; The size of the denomination increases by grade; The whole pattern, lace, pattern line is distinct, precise, beautiful, lively, with national style. The second set of RMB gravure plate is made by traditional Chinese hand carving method, with unique national style. Its advantages are deep pattern, thick ink layer, and good anti-counterfeiting function. Therefore, after the second set of RMB was issued, it was immediately welcomed by the people, praising this set of RMB as good-looking, easy to recognize, easy to calculate and easy to use. Practice has proved that the second set of RMB became China's first complete and exquisite currency, which played an important role in improving China's monetary system and promoting socialist economic construction. At that time, after three consecutive years of economic difficulties, China's leadership in the Party Central Committee was & quot; Adjust, consolidate, enrich and improve; Under the guidance of the eight character policy, we overcame many difficulties and vigorously developed proction< With the approval of the State Council, the people's Bank of China began to issue the third set of RMB on April 20, 1962 in order to promote the development of instrial and agricultural proction and commodity circulation and facilitate the use of the masses. The denominations of the third set of RMB and the second set of RMB are equivalent and mixed in the market[ 5]
on the basis of the second set of RMB, the third set of RMB has completely adjusted and replaced the version, cancelled the 3-yuan note in the second set of RMB, and added four kinds of metal notes, i.e. 1 jiao, 2 jiao, 5 jiao and 1 yuan. The third set of RMB was issued from April 20, 1962 to April 15, 1980. After 18 years of graal adjustment and replacement, a total of 10 kinds of RMB (except 6 kinds of paper and hard currency) were recovered, and 13 kinds of RMB were issued in succession, including 10 yuan note, 5 yuan note, 2 yuan note, 1 yuan note There are 1 5-dime note and 1 2-dime note respectively; There are 3 kinds of dime notes; There are 1 yuan coin, 5 jiao coin, 2 jiao coin and 1 jiao coin[ 5]
the third set of RMB was issued on April 20, 1962 and stopped circulation on July 1, 2000, which lasted for 38 years. The unified design of this set of RMB started in 1958, and the design pattern of the denomination reflected the policy of China's national economy at that time, which was based on agriculture, led by instry, and emphasized the importance of both instry and agriculture. In terms of printing technology, the third set of RMB inherits and develops the technical tradition and style of the second set of RMB. In the process of plate making, the combination of machine and traditional manual makes the pattern and pattern fine; The ink color matching is reasonable, and the color is novel and bright; The paper width of the ticket is small and the design is beautiful[ 5]
the third set of RMB coupons has reasonable structure, rich varieties of paper and coins, distinctive design ideas and advanced printing technology. The issuance of the third set of RMB enhanced the anti-counterfeiting ability of RMB and played an important role in improving China's monetary system and promoting economic development
the fourth set of RMB was issued successively from April 27, 1987 to September 22, 1998. The fourth set of RMB is issued in the context of economic development, increased retail sales and increased demand for money. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China's national economy has developed rapidly, and the retail sales of social goods have increased by a large margin. In order to meet the needs of economic development and further improve China's monetary system, the State Council issued an order to issue the fourth set of RMB on April 25, 1987, instructing the people's Bank of China to issue the fourth set of RMB in succession from April 27, 1987
the fourth set of RMB consists of 14 kinds of banknotes; One time announcement, sub issue & quot; We need to find a better way. On April 27, 1987, 50 yuan and 50 cents bonds were first issued. On May 10, 1988, 100 yuan, 2 yuan, 1 yuan and 2 cents notes were issued. On September 22, 1988, 10 yuan, 5 yuan and 1 cents notes were issued. In order to improve the anti-counterfeiting ability of RMB, the 1990 version of 50 yuan and 100 yuan banknotes were issued nationwide on August 20, 1992. According to the State Council Order No. 97 of May 8, 1992, the people's Bank of China has issued the fourth set of 1 yuan, 5 jiao and 1 jiao coins since June 1, 1992. Make the fourth set of RMB structure more perfect. In order to facilitate market circulation, the 1990 version and 1996 version of 1 yuan banknotes were issued nationwide on March 1, 1995 and April 1, 1997. On April 10, 1996, the 1990 version of 2 yuan banknotes was issued nationwide
the fourth set of RMB has some innovation and breakthrough in design idea, style and printing process. The 100 yuan banknote adopts the profile relief of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De; The 50 yuan voucher also used the portraits of workers, farmers and intellectuals; The other coupons use the head portraits of 14 ethnic groups in China. In terms of design style, this set of RMB maintains and carries forward the traditional characteristics of Chinese national art. The back of the coin is based on Chinese historical sites, famous mountains and rivers, and the patterns on the back are all full of Chinese national characteristics, such as Phoenix peony, crane pine, ribbon bird bamboo, swallow peach, etc. In the printing process, the main scene all uses a large number of head portrait watermark, the carving process is complex; Banknote paper adopts full page watermark and fixed portrait watermark, which not only shows the line picture, but also shows the level of light and shade. The technology is very high, which further improves the level of China's banknote printing technology and banknote anti-counterfeiting ability. At the same time, on the basis of the second set and the third set of RMB, this set of RMB issued two additional coupons of 50 yuan and 100 yuan, which is concive to improving the efficiency of social work and giving full play to the role of RMB in the national economy
issue history
editor
except for 1, 2 and 5 cents coins, the first, second and third sets of RMB have been withdrawn from circulation. The circulating RMB is the fourth set of RMB and the fifth set of RMB, mainly the fifth set, and the two sets of RMB circulate at the same time; The paper currency in circulation are: 1,5 Jiao, 1,5,10,20,50,100 yuan; There are one dime, five dimes and one yuan in coins< Among the five sets of RMB displayed in the China Coin Museum, the first set of RMB is arranged from right to left, which is different from the later four sets of RMB by the people's Bank of China, The arrangement of "people's Bank of China" on the RMB has been changed from left to right< The first set of RMB was issued from December 1, 1948 to December 1953. There are 12 denominations and 62 editions in total, including 2 1 yuan coupons, 4 5 yuan coupons, 4 10 yuan coupons, 7 20 yuan coupons, 7 50 yuan coupons, 10 100 yuan coupons, 5 200 yuan coupons, 6 500 yuan coupons, 6 1000 yuan coupons, 5 5000 yuan coupons, 4 10000 yuan coupons, and 2 50000 yuan coupons (there are two editions of 100 yuan coupons and 50 yuan coupons for front Wanshou mountain view issued in 1949)[ 4]
in 1948, with the smooth progress of the people's Liberation War, the scattered liberated areas quickly became one. In order to adapt to the development of the situation, a unified currency is urgently needed to replace the original kinds of complicated and inconvenient currencies in the liberated areas. To this end, on December 1, 1948, the people's Bank of China was established in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province. On the same day, it began to issue unified RMB. At that time, Comrade Dong Biwu, chairman of the North China People's government, inscribed the name of the people's Bank of China on the RMB[ 5]
after the issuance of RMB, the circulation area was graally expanded, the issuance and circulation of local currency in the original liberated areas were stopped one after another, and the local currency was graally recovered according to the stipulated price. At the beginning of 1949, the head office of the people's Bank of China moved to Beiping (today's Beijing), and branches of the people's Bank of China were successively established in all provinces, cities and autonomous regions. By the end of 1951, RMB became the only legal currency in China and circulated throughout the country except Taiwan and Tibet (since July 15, 1957, RMB was officially used in Western Tibet)
on the day of its establishment, the people's Bank of China issued RMB with denominations of 10 yuan, 20 yuan and 50 yuan, all of which were printed in Nanyu village by the first printing office of the Bank of North China[ 4]
the unified issuance of RMB is a major measure taken to meet the national liberation. It eliminated all kinds of currencies issued by the Kuomintang government, ended decades of inflation under the Kuomintang rule and China's nearly 100 years of history of foreign currency, gold and silver currency trading in the market, and promoted the overall victory of the people's Liberation War, It played an important role in the early period of economic recovery< The second set of RMB was issued from March 1, 1955 to April 20, 1962. On February 21, 1955, the State Council issued an order, deciding that the people's Bank of China would issue the second set of RMB and recover the first set of RMB from March 1, 1955. As the legacy of inflation for many years before liberation has not been completely eliminated, the face value of the first set of RMB is relatively large (up to 50000 yuan), and the unit value is relatively low. When calculating in circulation, taking 10000 yuan as the unit is not concive to commodity circulation and economic development, and brings great inconvenience to people's life. In addition, e to the limitation of material and technical conditions at that time, the paper quality of the first set of RMB was poor, there were many kinds of coupons (62 kinds), the text description was single, and the face damage was serious
the conversion ratio between the second set of RMB and the first set of RMB is: RMB 1 in the second set is equal to RMB 10000 in the first set. On March 1, 1955, the second set of RMB was announced and issued in 10 kinds, including 1, 2, 5, 1 jiao, 2 jiao, 5 jiao, 1 yuan, 2 yuan, 3 yuan and 5 yuan. On December 1, 1957, the second set of RMB was issued in 10 kinds. At the same time, in order to facilitate circulation, the State Council issued an order to issue one cent, two cent and five cent coins from December 1, 1957, equivalent to paper cents. Later, the patterns and patterns of the 1-yuan note and the 5-yuan note were adjusted and the colors were changed. On March 25, 1961 and April 20, 1962, the black 1-yuan note and the brown 5-yuan note were issued respectively, which increased the editions of the second set of RMB from 11 to 16. On April 14, 1964, the people's Bank of China issued the "Circular on the recovery of three kinds of RMB bills", which decided to take back the 1953 version of 3 yuan, 5 yuan and 10 yuan banknotes issued by the Soviet Union from April 15, 1964, and stop the collection and circulation on May 15, 1964[ 5]
the content of the second set of main scenes of RMB reflects the style of new China's socialist construction, the fighting course of the Communist Party of China's revolution and the theme of great unity of all ethnic groups. The banknote style breaks the original fixed four border form and adopts a new specification with symmetrical left and right patterns; The size of the denomination increases by grade; The whole pattern, lace, pattern line is distinct, precise, beautiful, lively, with national style. The second set of RMB gravure plate is made by traditional Chinese hand carving method, with unique national style. Its advantages are deep pattern, thick ink layer, and good anti-counterfeiting function. Therefore, after the second set of RMB was issued, it was immediately welcomed by the people, praising this set of RMB as good-looking, easy to recognize, easy to calculate and easy to use. Practice has proved that the second set of RMB became China's first complete and exquisite currency, which played an important role in improving China's monetary system and promoting socialist economic construction. At that time, after three consecutive years of economic difficulties, China's leadership in the Party Central Committee was & quot; Adjust, consolidate, enrich and improve; Under the guidance of the eight character policy, we overcame many difficulties and vigorously developed proction< With the approval of the State Council, the people's Bank of China began to issue the third set of RMB on April 20, 1962 in order to promote the development of instrial and agricultural proction and commodity circulation and facilitate the use of the masses. The denominations of the third set of RMB and the second set of RMB are equivalent and mixed in the market[ 5]
on the basis of the second set of RMB, the third set of RMB has completely adjusted and replaced the version, cancelled the 3-yuan note in the second set of RMB, and added four kinds of metal notes, i.e. 1 jiao, 2 jiao, 5 jiao and 1 yuan. The third set of RMB was issued from April 20, 1962 to April 15, 1980. After 18 years of graal adjustment and replacement, a total of 10 kinds of RMB (except 6 kinds of paper and hard currency) were recovered, and 13 kinds of RMB were issued in succession, including 10 yuan note, 5 yuan note, 2 yuan note, 1 yuan note There are 1 5-dime note and 1 2-dime note respectively; There are 3 kinds of dime notes; There are 1 yuan coin, 5 jiao coin, 2 jiao coin and 1 jiao coin[ 5]
the third set of RMB was issued on April 20, 1962 and stopped circulation on July 1, 2000, which lasted for 38 years. The unified design of this set of RMB started in 1958, and the design pattern of the denomination reflected the policy of China's national economy at that time, which was based on agriculture, led by instry, and emphasized the importance of both instry and agriculture. In terms of printing technology, the third set of RMB inherits and develops the technical tradition and style of the second set of RMB. In the process of plate making, the combination of machine and traditional manual makes the pattern and pattern fine; The ink color matching is reasonable, and the color is novel and bright; The paper width of the ticket is small and the design is beautiful[ 5]
the third set of RMB coupons has reasonable structure, rich varieties of paper and coins, distinctive design ideas and advanced printing technology. The issuance of the third set of RMB enhanced the anti-counterfeiting ability of RMB and played an important role in improving China's monetary system and promoting economic development
the fourth set of RMB was issued successively from April 27, 1987 to September 22, 1998. The fourth set of RMB is issued in the context of economic development, increased retail sales and increased demand for money. With the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy in the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China's national economy has developed rapidly, and the retail sales of social goods have increased by a large margin. In order to meet the needs of economic development and further improve China's monetary system, the State Council issued an order to issue the fourth set of RMB on April 25, 1987, instructing the people's Bank of China to issue the fourth set of RMB in succession from April 27, 1987
the fourth set of RMB consists of 14 kinds of banknotes; One time announcement, sub issue & quot; We need to find a better way. On April 27, 1987, 50 yuan and 50 cents bonds were first issued. On May 10, 1988, 100 yuan, 2 yuan, 1 yuan and 2 cents notes were issued. On September 22, 1988, 10 yuan, 5 yuan and 1 cents notes were issued. In order to improve the anti-counterfeiting ability of RMB, the 1990 version of 50 yuan and 100 yuan banknotes were issued nationwide on August 20, 1992. According to the State Council Order No. 97 of May 8, 1992, the people's Bank of China has issued the fourth set of 1 yuan, 5 jiao and 1 jiao coins since June 1, 1992. Make the fourth set of RMB structure more perfect. In order to facilitate market circulation, the 1990 version and 1996 version of 1 yuan banknotes were issued nationwide on March 1, 1995 and April 1, 1997. On April 10, 1996, the 1990 version of 2 yuan banknotes was issued nationwide
the fourth set of RMB has some innovation and breakthrough in design idea, style and printing process. The 100 yuan banknote adopts the profile relief of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi and Zhu De; The 50 yuan voucher also used the portraits of workers, farmers and intellectuals; The other coupons use the head portraits of 14 ethnic groups in China. In terms of design style, this set of RMB maintains and carries forward the traditional characteristics of Chinese national art. The back of the coin is based on Chinese historical sites, famous mountains and rivers, and the patterns on the back are all full of Chinese national characteristics, such as Phoenix peony, crane pine, ribbon bird bamboo, swallow peach, etc. In the printing process, the main scene all uses a large number of head portrait watermark, the carving process is complex; Banknote paper adopts full page watermark and fixed portrait watermark, which not only shows the line picture, but also shows the level of light and shade. The technology is very high, which further improves the level of China's banknote printing technology and banknote anti-counterfeiting ability. At the same time, on the basis of the second set and the third set of RMB, this set of RMB issued two additional coupons of 50 yuan and 100 yuan, which is concive to improving the efficiency of social work and giving full play to the role of RMB in the national economy
10. RMB (abbreviation: RMB; Currency code: CNY; Currency symbol: & It is the legal tender of the people's Republic of China. Issued by the people's Bank of China, the currency was first issued on December 1, 1948. Until the new version was launched on October 1, 1999, a total of five sets were issued, forming a multi variety and multi series monetary system including banknotes, coins and plastic banknotes, ordinary commemorative coins and precious metal commemorative coins. On January 20, 2016, the people's Bank of China disclosed at a meeting held here that it would strive to launch the digital currency issued by the central bank as soon as possible. The meeting held that under the current new normal of China's economy, exploring the issue of digital currency by the central bank has positive practical and far-reaching historical significance.
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