Digital currency Tianqi capital
legal representative: Wang Bing
time of establishment: May 28, 2014
registered capital: RMB 1 million
business registration number: 420106000352070
enterprise type: limited liability company (solely owned by natural person)
address: room 02, 11th floor, Wuhan Baogu business center, 306 LUMO Road, Hongshan District
1. Shang Dynasty: Oracle Bone Inscriptions
2, Shang and Zhou Dynasties: bronze inscriptions
3, Qin Dynasty: big seal script, small seal script
4, Han Dynasty: cursive script, running script, official script
5, Tang Dynasty: regular script
6, Song Dynasty added and used song style characters on this basis
7. Mongolian Yuan uses Chinese characters, Mongolian characters, and eight thoughts and eight characters
8
9< Chinese characters and Dangxiang characters were used in Xixia
11. In the Qing Dynasty, Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan characters were used
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first, BEIBI is the earliest currency in China
Second, pre Qin copper coins
cloth coins, Dao coins, yuan coins
Third, Qin and Han copper coins
Qin, Han banliang, Han wuzhu, Xinmang coins
Fourth, Three Kingdoms, two Jin Dynasties, southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui Dynasty coins
Wang Zhu coins
Kaiyuan Tongbao, nianhao Qian, coins of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
copper coins of Six Dynasties and two Song Dynasties
copper coins of Northern Song Dynasty and lead coins of Southern Song Dynasty
copper coins of seven dynasties, Liao Dynasty, Xixia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty
copper coins of Liao Dynasty, Xixia Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, and peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty
eight, Ming, Qing copper coins
Ming, Southern Ming and late Ming peasant uprising army copper coins, Qing, San Francisco, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom copper coins. Copper yuan
nine, lead money, iron money
ten, gold, silver and gold, silver coins
gold and gold coins, silver and silver coins
eleven, paper money
jiaozi of Northern Song Dynasty and Huizi of Southern Song Dynasty, gold, Yuan paper money, Ming and Qing paper money
(5) song and Yuan Dynasties: in the Northern Song Dynasty, the earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Sichuan. The development from metal currency to paper currency is the inevitable result of social and economic development. The promotion of paper money reced the burden of merchants carrying metal currency, which was concive to commodity exchange and reflected the high development of Commerce
(6) Ming and Qing Dynasties: in the early Ming Dynasty, the main currency was paper money, and the subsidiary currency was copper money. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, silver became the main currency in general circulation.
the implementation of Zhang Juzheng's whip law makes silver the standard currency
silver standard is a monetary system with silver as the standard currency. There are two types of silver standard and silver currency standard. Silver standard is based on the weight of silver "two" as the price standard, the implementation of silver circulation. The standard of silver currency is that the state stipulates that silver is a kind of currency metal and requires it to be cast into a certain shape, weight and fineness; Silver coins can be cast and melted freely; Banknotes can be freely exchanged for silver or silver; Silver coins and silver can be freely exported or imported to ensure the stability of the foreign exchange market
in the history of money, silver was used as the base currency earlier than gold. But gold is far better than silver as a monetary commodity. With the development of economy in western countries, the silver standard system first transited to the gold and silver compound system, and then replaced by the gold standard system after the 1920s. Only Mexico, Japan and India have retained the silver standard
the silver standard is a kind of financial monetary system, which takes a fixed weight silver coin or silver block as the standard of economic unit. From the fall of Byzantine Empire (mid-15th century) to the 19th century, Europe used the silver standard system. In the 16th century, Potosi silver mine was found in the Spanish colony of South America (today's Bolivia). A large number of silver coins were minted in Spain, known as peso, because one peso is equal to the value of eight crown coins, also known as pieces of eight. Since then, silver coin has become the common currency of international trade in these 400 years
China began to manufacture a lot of silver wares and ingots in the Han Dynasty. However, as a currency in circulation, it began in the Tang Dynasty. Yuanbao was popular in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, because of the trade with Spain and Portugal, a large number of silver coins were in circulation, which also made China a country using the silver standard
from 1704, the West Indies, a British colony, and the Spanish colonies of the same period also began to cast and use gold coins. In 1717, Isaac Newton, who was then the director of the Royal Mint, set the exchange rate between gold, silver and then British coins, making Britain use of gold as the monetary standard. After the Napoleonic War, England began to cast gold coins, and in 1821, it officially determined to use the gold standard.
From the 21st century BC to the 2nd century BC, natural seashells were mainly used in the Central Plains, and then graally replaced by metal coins, with the unit of "friend" and "one friend" for every ten coins. In the pre Qin period, shellfish played a al role of coin and ornament. Until the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Bei was still used as currency in China's minority areas, which was called "BA (left-right structure, left is Bei, right is ba")
in the 11th century BC, it was proced on the seashore and graally evolved into physical currency because of its strong and beautiful appearance, portable belt and counting ability
Natural seashells
1368-618 BC
Artificial shellfish (stone shell)
ring the Shang and Zhou Dynasties from the 16th century BC to the 2nd century BC, with the continuous development of commodity economy and the increasing demand for money, jade shell, bone shell, pottery shell and stone shell, which were imitated to make up for the lack of natural currency circulation, were collectively referred to as artificial shellfish currency. Most of them are similar to natural seashells, and their exchange value is equal to or slightly lower than that of natural seashells
Artificial shellfish (bone shell)
16th century bc-2nd century BC
Artificial shellfish (jade shell)
16th century bc-2nd century BC
Artificial shellfish (pottery shell)
16th century bc-2nd century BC
copper shell
11th century BC
Baojin shell
11th century BC, middle and late Shang Dynasty, with the development of society, human beings mastered smelting technology, Then came the metal shellfish currency. The shape is similar to that of natural seashells. There are golden shell, silver shell, copper shell and so on. The bronze shell is the earliest metal coin in China. Flat shoulder, arc foot and empty head cloth
fineness age: early and middle spring and Autumn period. Shape features: flat shoulder and crotch are arc-shaped, long (poor sound), perforated, and cold inside. The surface inscriptions include Gan Zhi, number, astronomical phenomena, place names, things, Yin Yang five elements, location, auspicious language, etc. Most of the coins are made of bronze
the age of fineness: early spring and autumn. Zhao coins of the Warring States period. Shrug, square or curved crotch, pointed foot. The first Jin (left and right structure, left is "Jin", right is "Jin") and the half Jin (same as before) are called "flat head and pointed foot big cloth" and "flat head and pointed foot small cloth" respectively. The face inscription is the name of the city, and some small cloth face inscriptions have the word "half". The back words are usually numbers. The body is light and thin. The coin is made of bronze
sankongbu
age of fineness: coins in the late Warring States period. According to the back text, it can be divided into two types. The utility model has a round head, a round shoulder, a round crotch, a round foot, and a round perforation on the head and two feet. Most of the characters on the surface are place names, with Ji Zhong and Ji value characters on the back. The big one recites "one or two", and the small one recites "Twelve baht" (half Liang)<
sharp blade
age of fineness: late spring and Autumn period. It is also called needle head knife. It is a special form of Jian Shou Dao. The head is as thin as a needle. Qian Wen is mostly an abstract symbol
Jieshou Dao: early Warring States period. It is made by cutting the head with sharp head knife, which is basically the same as sharp head knife
Zhi
age of fineness: at the turn of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. In the middle and late Warring States period, the coins of Zhongshan state and Zhao state were also called round head Dao or flat head Dao. The blade is straight or slightly curved with a round head. The handle surface has two straight lines. It is light and thin. Among them, "Yan" (internal and external structure, outside is "gate", inside is "speech") Yang "(today's Shanyu) small straight blade is particularly thin. In addition to the "Gandan", "white" and "Chengbo", most of the others are plain< In the middle and late period of the Warring States period. In the middle and late Warring States period, the outer circle, the hole circle and the back are plain, and there is a draft angle between the face and the back, so the back diameter is larger than the face diameter, the back hole is smaller than the face, and the edge often remains a crater. Most of them have no profile on the back and a few have profile on the front. The big seal script is extensive. Bronze. It mainly circulates in the hometown of Qin, Zhao and Wei
fangkonghuan coin
good years: the late Warring States period. In the late Warring States period, coins were made in Qin, Qi and Yan. The outer round hole is square, with or without outline, which is the ancestor of the later round coin. It contains "half Liang", "two steroids", "Wenxin", "Chang'an", "Yi (left and right structure, left is" Bei ", right is" Yi ") Hua, Yi (same front) four Hua, Yi (same front) six Hua", "Yi, Yan, Yansi" and other categories
coins of the Qin and Han Dynasties
Qin banliang
Quality years: 336-221 BC. After Qin destroyed the six states, Qin coins were used as the national currency, and Qin banliang became the lower coin symmetrical with the upper coin, which was cast throughout the country. Compared with the pre Qin banliang, the Qin banliang is tall, narrow and slightly curved. The shape is round and square, and there is no outline on the surface and back. The age of quality: Early Western Han Dynasty. Because it is shaped like a elm pod, it is called "pod money"“ "Pod money" is generally very light and of different weight<
Sanzhu
age of fineness: in the first year of Jianyuan, Emperor Wu cast the line in the first year of Jianyuan, and the line ended in the fifth year of Jianyuan. Three baht money surface outline, heavy as the text, back plain. Sanzhu is the first square hole yuan coin named "Zhu" in the history of ancient currency
Wudi Wuhu
age of fineness: it was cast in 118 BC in the fifth year of Yuanshou (118 BC) of Wudi of Han Dynasty, including Wuhu of Prefecture, Wuhu of chiche and Wuhu of Shanglin Sanguan. There are different forms of face writing, such as putting on half star, putting on horizontal outline, four Jue writing and so on. The outline is deep and the writing is exquisite. Wuzhu coin of Emperor Wu started the history of casting "wuzhu" coin in 739 and became the mainstream of "two systems of Zhu coin" in ancient China
yiping 5000
year of fineness: 7 A.D. That is "Cuo", also known as "jincuo". It was made in the second year of Wang Mang's reign (Ad 7)“ Its ring is like money, and its body is like a knife. "One knife" on the ring surface is read directly, and the Yin text is inlaid with gold. The three characters of "Ping 5000" on the knife surface are written in Yangwen and seal script. Five thousand five baht for one“ The "one knife five thousand" is exquisitely cast, which is valued by the "collectors" of the past dynasties<
the five hundred years of Hong: 7 A.D. It was made in the second year of Wang Mang's reign (Ad 7)“ The ring is like big money, and the body is like a knife. The ring surface is engraved with the two characters of Yangwen "Cu", and the knife surface is engraved with Yangwen "500" and seal script“ "Lu" can lead to "Qi". Five hundred baht for one“ The "five hundred" sword has a deep and precipitous outline and exquisite inscription< In 40 A.D., Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty adopted Ma Yuan's suggestion and began to cast the five baht. The features of the face writing are that the "gold" prefix is larger, the "Five" prefix is more curved, the "Zhu" prefix is rounded, and the two ends of the vertical drawing are smaller. The casting is regular< In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, it was also known as "chiseled edge" or "sheared wheel" five baht, which refers to the five baht coin whose edge and part of the meat were cut off or chiseled. There is no outline, and the word "wuzhu" remains in the side
Dong Zhuo's five baht
year of fineness: 190 A.D. It was made by Dong Zhuo in the first year of Xiandi's reign in the late Eastern Han Dynasty (190ad). Without internal and external outline, the word "wuzhu" is incomplete and difficult to identify, which is ridiculed as "Wuwen". The money can be called the most inferior and cheap money in the history of Chinese currency. Zhiwuzhu
quality time: in 214 ad, in the 19th year of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (214 AD), Liu Bei was cast in Cheng after entering Sichuan. In the beginning, the coin was large and heavy, but in the later, it graally lost weight, and the lightest was less than 0.8 G. Face script seal "straight hundred five baht", that is, the value of "one hundred five baht money". They often cast or engrave inscriptions and ornaments on their backs, and also cast inscriptions on their backs, such as "Wei" or "Si Chu Wen"
shuwuzhu
years of fineness: 214-263 A.D. It was made by Liu Bei after he entered Shu, about 214-263 A.D. Its shape is smaller than that of wuzhu in the Han Dynasty. It is thicker and has an outline on its face and back. Its strokes are fatter and its copper is dark< The 100 years of Dingping: the Three Kingdoms period. It is not recorded in historical records, so it is better to be listed as Shu Han money“ Dingping hundred "money body is thin and small, money seal and Yi man not clear.". Its shape is similar to that of Zhi and weiwuzhu. Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty and Emperor Ming of Ming Dynasty all had five baht coins. The new coin shape imitated the five baht coin made in Han Dynasty, so it was called "five baht coin of Wei Dynasty". The outline of Wei Wu Zhu is clear, the shape of the coin is heavy, and the border is covered with gold
daquandangqian
age: 239-246 A.D. Wu coins of the three kingdoms were made in the first nine years of chiwu reign of Sun Quan (238-246 A.D.). The four characters of seal script "Daquan Dangqian" can be read as five baht one thousand. After Wang Mang, it's the biggest worthless money. In addition, there are two thousand Daquan and five thousand Daquan<
liangzaoxinquan (liangzaoxinquan)
age: 317-376 A.D. It is the first example of square hole yuan coin in the name of the state name, which was cast by the Zhang Dynasty in the former Liang Dynasty (317-376 A.D.). Seal script can be divided into two types: opposite reading and direct reading. Qian's characters are also different. The shape can be divided into two types: light, small and heavy
wuzhu of Shenchong
age of fineness: 318-321 A.D. During the reign of emperor Xiaoyuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (318-321 A.D.), Shen Chong of Wuxing made a small coin with a big hole. Qian Wen's works of "five Zhu" and "hardware" are vague in outline, light and small in size, and seem to be imitated and cast in the style of "scissors wheel" in the Eastern Han Dynasty<
abundant goods
quality time: 319 A.D. It was made in 319 A.D. in the first year of shile of the late Zhao Dynasty in the Sixteen States of the Western Jin Dynasty. The face script is "Fenghuo", which has two styles of seal script and Li script, and is read horizontally. The face of seal script has a good outline, while the face of Li script has no good outline. The back of money has both inside and outside
Hanxing: 338-343 A.D. It is the earliest coinage in the history of Chinese coins. There are official script and seal script, direct reading and horizontal reading. They are exquisitely made, with shallow characters and thin flesh. The number handed down from generation to generation is small, especially for horizontal readers. Xiaojian Sizhu
it was cast in the reign of emperor Xiaowu of the Southern Song Dynasty (454-456 A.D.). The face text "Xiaojian" is LiuYe Zhuan, and the back text "Sizhu" carries the meaning of Zhuan. It is the same as the "Si Zhu" of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty. Xiaojian Sizhu is poorly made with flat edges and unclear characters“ After that, the "four baht" was saved and the "Xiaojian" inscription was reserved, which became thinner and smaller, with a wide range of categories and sizes< In the first year of Yongguang (465 A.D.), Liu ziye, the deposed emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was cast. Its shape is similar to Emperor Wen's Xiaojian Sizhu. It has an outline inside and outside, with two character seal script of "Yongguang" written on its face. It is read horizontally and double. It is very rare to exist in the world because it was changed to "Jinghe" in a few months< Jinghe was cast in the first year of the Southern Dynasty (465 AD). Face text "Jing he" two characters, seal script, horizontal Book perforation on both sides, strokes clear. The money was issued by the government and handed over to the people for casting according to the style, then handed over to the official for acceptance. It is strictly forbidden to steal casting and trimming. Therefore, the outline of the text is more polished. After the abolition of emperor Gaiyuan, he was killed in March
formula female coin
it was coined in the reign of Xiao Yantian Jian, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty (502-519 A.D.) "formula female coin" was actually a "five baht" coin with no outline but only inner Guo. Because of its light, small and weak, also known as "women's money" and "men's money" (big money) symmetry. About two baht, three baht< It was cast in 523 A.D. in the fourth year of Xiao Yan's reign of Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasty. It is the first large-scale casting of iron coin in China
taihuo Liuzhu
the Liuzhu coin was made in the 11th year of Taijian (579 A.D.) by Emperor Chen Xuan of the Southern Dynasty. The face is inscribed with "taihuo Liuzhu", and the jade tendon and sheath seal characters are well proportioned, strong and outstretched. The inside and outside of the face and back are neat and well made< It was cast in 579 A.D. in the first year of the reign of emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the face text, "Yongtong" means to pass forever, and "Wanguo" means to be available to all countries in the world. The characters are deep in outline and thick in shape. Both Qian Wen and the foundry are in a wonderful state, which can be called "Northern Zhou Dynasty"