Tianjin zekun group digital currency
firstly, the increase of capital cost and income caused by RMB appreciation will change China's economic structure in the long run, re endow instries with different growth rates, and make the performance of enterprises in different instries differentiate. Second, the appreciation of RMB will change the book value of assets, liabilities, income and cost of enterprises in the instry in the short term, and affect their business performance through the difference of foreign exchange conversion
generally speaking, RMB appreciation will benefit instries with high import proportion, large foreign debt scale, high liquidity or huge RMB assets in the long run; The impact on the export instry, the instry with high foreign currency assets or international pricing of procts is greater; Others have less influence< The main beneficiary instries include:
the real estate and infrastructure instries are non trade real estate instries, and the appreciation will comprehensively enhance the value of domestic real estate assets,
at the same time, it will improve the investment value of infrastructure instries such as airports, ports, railways and expressways, which are characterized by limited resources, monopoly or long construction cycle with small supply elasticity, The above two instries have benefited significantly
the financial instry, especially the banking instry and securities instry, is a capital intensive instry operating currency and capital business. Due to its good liquidity and liquidity, it belongs to the instry with high RMB assets, so it will attract a large number of international capital inflows and benefit from it
in aviation, electric power, oil refining, paper making, construction machinery and other instries, the benefits are mainly from the cost rection caused by the dependence on foreign procurement of raw materials or equipment, or the exchange gains and losses caused by the repayment of principal and interest e to large foreign debts, which is more prominent in the aviation instry with monopoly advantage in the domestic market
the technology import dependent high-tech instry does not have an advantage in the key technology intellectual property rights, and will maintain the momentum of a large number of imports in a certain period of time. Under the premise of exchange rate appreciation, it can maintain its own advantage in cost< The main damaged instries include:
for export-oriented instries, such as textile instry (especially clothing instry with high export dependence), followed by cotton textile instry and wool textile instry), household appliances, building materials, etc., the appreciation of RMB will greatly weaken the competitive advantage of procts
foreign trade enterprises are in a disadvantageous position in the instrial chain. It is difficult for import business to obtain excess profits from RMB appreciation, but export business will suffer heavy losses< The mining instry, petrochemical instry and non-ferrous metal instry will be impacted by the internationalization of proct pricing. However, if the currency used for energy pricing depreciates at the same time, it will benefit resource prices
the appreciation of RMB affects the stock market more through the impact on listed companies, and the impact on listed companies is mainly transmitted through the chain of import and export. The enterprises with greater dependence on import and export are more sensitive to the change of RMB exchange rate. The specific impact from different sectors is as follows:
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2. Petrochemical instry: as a big oil importing country, China's imported oil accounts for a large part of the cost of petrochemical procts. If RMB appreciation, it will have a positive impact on the petrochemical instry as a whole. At present, Sinopec, Shanghai Petrochemical and Yangzi Petrochemical Import billions of yuan of crude oil every year, and the appreciation of RMB will rece the cost of imported crude oil
3. Textile and clothing instry: China is a big textile exporter, and the appreciation of RMB will rece the price advantage of Chinese procts, and the benefits may be reced e to the al impact of export volume and price. In comparison, the domestic market has a relatively small impact, while the export-oriented one has a relatively large impact. Now, the appreciation of RMB will rece the expectation of Europe and the United States on tariff increase of China's textile instry.
4. Home appliance instry: similar to the textile instry, China is a big exporter of low-end home appliances, such as Sichuan Changhong, Konka, etc Gree and other export sales account for a large proportion of the total revenue, and the appreciation of RMB will further rece its low profit margin
5. Automobile instry: the appreciation of RMB will increase automobile imports, which will put great pressure on existing manufacturers. However, the cost will be reced for the companies that mainly focus on assembly and purchase parts from abroad. Overall, the instry is short
6. Real estate: RMB appreciation will also have indirect positive effects on the real estate instry
7. Tourism: the appreciation of RMB and the devaluation of US dollar make the outbound tourism of domestic residents cheaper, while the inbound tourism of foreign tourists is relatively expensive, which is obviously unfavorable to the domestic scenic spot companies, but beneficial to the listed companies of travel agencies
8. Coal, nonferrous metals and other resources companies: for example, iron ore, copper ore and other resources companies are quite dependent on imports, and the appreciation of RMB will bring about a decrease in import costs. But this instry is very complex, so RMB can only be regarded as a neutral news. However, if the currency used for energy pricing depreciates at the same time, it will benefit resource prices
9. Chemical API instry: China is a big procer of chemical API. The API proced in China is competitive in the international market because of its high quality and low price. The price advantage will decrease after RMB appreciation. Related to this are TIANYAO, Kunming Pharmaceutical, Lukang Pharmaceutical, Huabei pharmaceutical, Xinhua Pharmaceutical, etc
10. Paper instry: as China relies heavily on imports of high-quality pulp, the appreciation of RMB can rece the cost of paper making, which is good for the listed companies of paper making and paper packaging
11. Small and medium-sized enterprises: the export proportion of many small and medium-sized enterprises is quite high, and the appreciation of RMB will have a negative impact on the performance of export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises.
Qian, pronunciation Qi á n. One of the eight trigrams represents heaven
Kun, pronounced K ū n. One of the eight trigrams, representative placeearthquake, pronunciation zh è n. One of the eight trigrams represents Lei
Xun, pronunciation x ù n. One of the eight trigrams represents windLi, pronunciation L í, One of the eight trigrams represents fire
The pronunciation is K ǎ n. One of the eight trigrams represents watergen, pronounced G è n. One of the eight trigrams represents the mountain
Dui, pronunciation ì, One of the eight trigrams represents swamp
the eight trigrams is a primitive system of recording events and creating applications. It comes from Taiji, Liangyi and Sixiang. Each form of the eight trigrams represents a certain thing. When the eight trigrams are combined with each other, they become sixty-four trigrams, which are used to symbolize various natural and human phenomena
According to ancient legends, Zhouyi and Hongfan originated from Hetu and Luoshu. It is said that when Fuxi came, there were dragons and horses from the Yellow River, carrying the river map; During the reign of Xia Yu, a tortoise appeared from Luoshui, carrying Luoshuin the book of changes, "Yi has Taiji, which means that Liangyi comes into being, Liangyi comes into being, Sixiang comes into being, and Sixiang comes into being Bagua." The four directions and eight directions in the figure of jade plate coincide with the above four images and eight trigrams. Four signs and eight trigrams, in the concept of seasons, are equivalent to the four seasons and eight festivals of the lunar calendar. The figure of jade plate may represent the ancient Luoshu and the earliest eight trigrams
There were no words in ancient times, so people used the method of drilling holes and drawing circles to count instead of five elements alternating. Therefore, Hetu and Luoshu are calendars. The jade tortoise and jade plate unearthed from the tomb can almost confirm the existence of this kind of calendar 5300 years ago, and also reflect the legal calendar system of Xia dynasty or before Xia Dynasty in China The emergence of the calendar shows that agriculture had been greatly developed at that time. The ancients expressed their core knowledge in the simplest and simple strokes, and every detail may carry a great amount of informationthe big circle and the small circle on the jade plate, especially the left arc of the small circle, are very irregular. In Lingjiatan, in spring, summer, autumn and winter, the sun appears very round at sunrise. At sunset, the sun also appears very round at the beginning, but graally goes down. The sun is not so regular as the small circle on the jade plate. Many observations have proved that the big circle and small circle on the jade plate represent the movement of the sun in a day with realistic techniques
1. Qian: (QI) á n)
Qian (QI) á n) The hexagram is the first one in the book of changes. Both the main hexagram and the guest hexagram are the Qian hexagram. The three Hexagrams are in place, and the three Hexagrams are not. There is no corresponding relationship. The hexagram is heaven, and its character is strong
(k) ū n)Kun, often combined with "Qian" to form "Qian Kun", symbolizing heaven and earth, yin and Yang, parents, etc; Kun is one of the eight trigrams. In the book of changes, Qian stands for "the highest Yang, the highest health", while Kun is the symbol of "the highest softness, the highest compliance". One Yang, one Yin, one hardness, one softness, one movement and one stillness complement each other and complement each other
(G è n)Gen hexagram shows the possibility of various changes under the "gen" situation. Gen stands for mountain. Both the main hexagram and the guest hexagram are Gen hexagrams. The image of the hexagram is mountain and the number of Yang is 1. It is impossible for the two mountains to merge into one mountain, but the host and guest can not get along without mutual influence and communication
(d) ù i) It is the 58th hexagram in the book of changes. The image of the hexagram is Ze, the characteristic is happy, and the number of Yang is 6. Both the host side and the guest side are active, with good quality and easygoing attitude. They have achieved success and enjoyed the joy of success (k) ǎ n)Kan, Pinyin K ǎ n. It is the 29th of the 64 hexagrams in Zhouyi "Xiangci" says: Kan is water, water flow is not stagnant, it is the image of Kan hexagram
(1 í) Representing fire in the eight trigrams, the Kan trigram shows the possibility of various changes in the situation of Kan“ A low and uneven place, a pit. It means that both the main hexagram and the guest hexagram are Kan hexagrams, the hexagram image is water, and the Yang number is 2. Two drops of water together, or water, the dangers and difficulties of both sides together, or danger and difficulties There was no significant difference between the two groups è n) In the eight trigrams, the representative of Lei is the 51st trigram of the 64th trigram in the book of changes. Both the main trigram and the guest trigram are four trigrams. The forces of both sides sometimes offset each other, but sometimes reinforce each other. Earthquake is thunder (the hexagram of earthquake) is not disordered in the face of danger. Earthquake is thunder. The two earthquakes are overlapped and have great repercussions. It can eliminate the ll Qi and make it prosperous There was no significant difference between the two groups ù n) In the eight trigrams, Feng is the name of the 3:3 trigram, "Xun", which is the same as "humble" in ancient times. 3: The main hexagram and the guest hexagram of the three Hexagrams are both three hexagrams and Xun hexagrams. The image of the three hexagrams is wind and the characteristic is obedience
extended data:
Cosmology: Qian is heaven, Kun is earth, earthquake is thunder, Xun is wind, Kan is water, Li is fire, Gen is mountain, Dui is Ze
family view: Qian Fu ye, Kun Mu ye, Zhen Chang Nan, Xun Chang Nu, Kan Zhong Nan, Li Zhong Nu, Gen Shao Nan, i nu
in animal view: Qian is horse, Kun is cattle, Zhen is dragon, Xun is chicken, Kan is pig, Li is pheasant, Gen is dog, Dui is sheep
In the view of body, Qian is the leader, Kun is the abdomen, Zhen is the foot, Xun is the thigh, Kan is the ear, Li is the eye, Gen is the hand, and Dou is the mouthin the view of sports: Qian Jian, Kun Shun, Zhen, Xun Ru, Kan Shen, Li Li, Gen Zhi, Du Shuo
In the view of power, Qian is the king, Kun is the people1. One of the eight trigrams, representing heaven: ~ Kun ("Kun", representing earth)
2. Formerly known as male: ~ made. ~ House
2. Kun: K ū N
1
2. Female: ~ table Car Corner
3. Earthquake: zh è N
1. Earthquake: ground ~ He is deaf. Wei is everywhere
2. Especially for earthquakes: ~ source. Shelter. Several more times
3. Excessive emotion: ~ shock. ~ Anger
4. Xun: X ù N
1. Represent the wind
2. Southeast
3. Humble, obedient, cowardly
5. Kan: K ǎ N
1. Natural or artificial step like things in the field: Earth. Tian er. There is a road ahead. Be careful not to trip
2; Pit
3. Surname
4. Short for candela< 6 ì、 ru ì、 yu è
1. Exchange: ~ (exchange one currency for another). ~ Now. To exchange money between two places by mail or telegram
2. Liquid is poured from one container into another, and one thing is mixed into another: ~ some hot water
Gen: G è n、g ě N
the original meaning of Gen is "boundary" and "limit". It refers to food that is not easy to bite or chew. It also refers to people who are not straightforward, unsophisticated, too serious and inflexible
eight, from: l í
1. The sun is the nearest star to the earth
2 No Home (s) à n~ My job Different Room (Ji) à n The branches are broken
3. Lack of teachers: to run ecation well
extended data
"Qian" Pictophonetic. From B to C (g) à n B. It's like a plant buckling. Original meaning: SHANGCHU. In Chinese surnames, according to the genealogy of Wanxing, baoerjigud, a descendant of Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty, was later changed to Qian. Therefore, the Qian surname, which is rare in Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shanxi and other areas, is a compound surname from Mongolia, and later simplified to a single surname
the word "Dui" has the same meaning as "Dui", which means "Dui" has the same meaning as "Dui". From eight, and once agreed, this word for Yue. The original meaning of Dui is joy. Among the surnames, i, a rare surname, can be found in both the north and the south. The descendants of the neutrino, it is said that the craftsman who made the Ge in ancient times, the so-called "exchange the Ge, and the bow."
the newly discovered one yuan cloth coin of the first peasant bank in chaishanzhou special district, Hunan Province in 1926 is very necessary for exploration. This coin was only recorded in words before, but now according to the owner, it can be found in the local ruins. However, it is strange that after 65 years, it is still as impressive as new, with bright color and high number of poplin cloth, not the white bamboo cloth mentioned in the record. Therefore, most of the opinions of the Quan coin circle think that it is a new counterfeit
in addition to mastering the above-mentioned basic knowledge, we must also understand the three elements that determine the authenticity of banknotes
1. Qualitative research
the paper of banknotes in different times is often different, so it is necessary to study the paper to study the authenticity of banknotes. In ancient times, mulberry skin was used as raw material and the thickness of paper was increased. At present, Yuan banknotes are all made of this kind of paper. Due to the erosion of years, their colors are different. There are several kinds of paper, such as dark gray, grayish green or yellowish in gray, but the thickness and toughness are the same. The paper quality of Ming banknote is poor. It is usually printed by using waste paper such as official document and test paper after regeneration. Because it was not bleached at that time, the ink resie is mostly bluish black, which is darker than that of yuan banknote, and the texture is not tight enough. It has a rough feeling, and the fold is often damaged. In the Qing Dynasty, the official tickets of the Ministry of household were made of light beige or white thick paper with tough texture. There were thick paper and thin paper in the Qing Dynasty. One kind of thin paper was of poor quality, which was a crude proct in the late Xianfeng Period, and a small number of counterfeit banknotes were privately made at that time. Real tickets are usually printed and issued in a stack of every 100, so there is often a small hole in the middle of the bill
when modern people forge ancient banknotes, they usually can't find suitable paper, or replace it with rice paper, and then make it old manually, such as smoking, dyeing, adding water stains, etc., but the thin and fragile paper is very obvious. Once this kind of rice paper circulates, it will be damaged immediately, so it won't be a real proct. Some people take mulberry paper for forgery, but now mulberry paper is very thin and translucent, or several pieces of mulberry paper are used for forgery. We can see the problem, because the real ancient banknotes are made of single sheets of thick paper. However, this rule does not apply to modern times. For example, in the late Qing Dynasty, all kinds of banknotes issued by private and public money bureaus were thin in quality, but small in area. A banknote with a face value of 1000 Liang was only half of the official banknote issued by the Ministry of accounts, and it did not need to be folded when used, which solved the problem of fragile paper. Generally speaking, in Tong and Guangxu years, the copper yuan coupons were mostly made of dark leather paper or light yellow Yuan paper or rough edged paper, and the silver yuan coupons were mostly made of pure white Xuan and Jiaxuan. During the reign of Guangxu and Xuantong, machine-made Daolin paper was used and printed with copper plate or steel plate. At that time, wanyichuan silver shop in Beijing and Tianjin had not only horizontal tickets made of Daolin paper, but also red one yuan and five yuan tickets made of traditional paper. This kind of paper was white, delicate, elastic and thick like lambskin. It was a special cotton propaganda, which could not be forged because it was not found anywhere else. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, British merchants set up the Macquarie Bank in China. Each note was printed in its own style. Each note was printed on a small piece of paper, and its rough edges were not cut, and generally could not be forged. After the Republic of China, the traditional domestic paper was basically replaced by machine-made paper, and the requirements for them became higher and higher. Nowadays, the mint paper of all countries in the world is made by special methods. In addition to the advantages of wear resistance, folding resistance and tenacity, the Japanese coin paper uses the unique plant fiber raw materials in its own country. The US note paper is sandwiched with irregular red and blue fibers, Swiss franc and Swiss franc There is a safety line made of metal or plastic in the middle of the paper. Facing the light, you can clearly see a black line running through the whole note. For example, this kind of banknote printing paper is difficult to forge
in recent years, the counterfeit banknotes in the Soviet base areas can usually find problems on the paper. Because the counterfeiters can't find the paper of that year, they use other paper instead, such as Eran paper voucher of the East Hubei head office, Eran paper voucher of Fengfeng District, Xuanchuan paper voucher of the East Hubei farmers' bank, Yijiao paper voucher of Tonggu County proction cooperative, erjiao paper voucher, etc., which are all made of two pieces of light brown soil paper, Different from authentic procts, because Eastern Hubei and Jiangxi Tonggu belong to two provinces, how can banknote paper be the same and as complete as new? So it's counterfeit money made in recent years< In order to prevent forgery, watermarks are usually made in advance on banknote printing paper. The watermark is made by rolling two metal rollers engraved with text patterns, which makes it transparent in light. For example, there are many kinds of watermarks on the RMB, such as square foot cloth, five pointed star, Mao Zedong's head portrait, Tian'anmen Square and so on. The counterfeit banknote copied by color copier has no watermark and only has a light gray outline in the watermark position without transparency. The counterfeit banknote printed by photo plate making is the same as the above situation
in the process of engraving, some secret notes are often placed in unobtrusive places. For example, the one yuan, five yuan and ten yuan banknotes printed by the American banknote company of the agricultural and Instrial Bank of China in 1932 have the English letters a, B, N and CO in the textile drawing on the back. American money company. Bank of China in 1941 Dadong version of the great wall of the front of the coupon, Bank of China, Tang linkun carved words. In the forest on the right side of Zhongshan Mausoleum on the front of erjiao certificate issued by the central reserve bank in 1940, there is a word "倬", which refers to Secretary Wang 倬, who was in charge of plate making at that time. In the same year, there was a three character secret record of "central horse". The central bank was the name of the central bank, and the horse was ma kuoyan, the director of public works. In 1944, the front and back of the 200 yuan certificate of the central reserve bank contain four English secret signs of "US AC", which were then said to mean "the United States is coming". In fact, it reflects the people's hatred of the Japanese aggressors. This kind of secret notes on banknotes played a certain role in the early times when the printing and forgery technology was still underdeveloped. Because the patterns on the counterfeit banknotes were not as clear as the genuine banknotes, this kind of secret notes would become nominal or disappear in the process of reproction. But today, with the development of science and technology, its anti-counterfeiting effect has been weakened
3. The number and signature on the banknote
is also an important means of anti-counterfeiting. In the early days, the circulation of banknotes was not large. Some banks with good reputation had to recycle old banknotes and replace them with new banknotes every few years. The recovered old banknotes were arranged in the order of original number, tied into a stack every 100 banknotes, cut off half and then destroyed, Once the same number of old banknote has been found to appear, it can be traced in time until the counterfeit banknote group is cracked. In order to rece the number and make it easier to check, there are usually one to several crown words before the number. The crown words have certain internal relations with the year of issue and the number of issues, so as to prevent fabricating the crown word number. According to Jiangsu Yancheng coin bulletin in July 1991, two banknotes with the same size, face value, pattern and number were found. It is speculated that they were caused by the failure of the numbering machine ring printing, so they were both 5264132. This was proced in the special environment of that year. If this situation is found in modern banknotes, one of them must be a counterfeit banknote
the signature on the banknote is an early anti-counterfeiting measure. For example, before the 1930s, many banknotes of foreign banks in China were personally signed by the person in charge of the bank, which is difficult to imitate. Later, e to the excessive circulation of banknotes, signatures had to be printed. Sometimes, banknote printing and signature printing are carried out in two places to prevent omission. In 1934, the Bank of China (BOC) Tianjin one yuan and ten yuan tickets were printed by denaro company. The original plan was to print the signature after arriving in Tianjin. However, on the way of transportation, all the one yuan tickets were snatched by unidentified people. The front of the ticket was a pattern of farmer driving cattle and farming. The robber forged his signature for mixed use. Because of the dim ink and poor handwriting, it was easy to be seen through. The Bank of China was eager to reprint the one yuan ticket of horse farm pattern in the next year and put it on the market in large quantities. However, the one yuan ticket of ox farm in 1934 lost its value and was destroyed. So far, it has not been found much and has become a treasure in the old banknotes
in the future, X-ray fluorescence analysis method can also be used to determine the paper, ink and inkpad composition of a certain kind of banknote. This method has been used in the identification of ancient calligraphy and painting, and the effect is ideal. Mercury sulfide (cinnabar) is the main component of ordinary printing paste. However, some people made a composition analysis of the printing paste on the Daming banknote, but the result was surprised. There is no mercury element but only lead element, which indicates that the Daming banknote used lead sulfide printing paste. Because only one printing paste was used for testing, it is not sure that all Daming banknotes use this printing color. The disadvantage of fluorescence analysis is that it is expensive. If it can be popularized, it will bring great help to the identification of banknotes.
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Beijing (0 people)
day Tianjin (2 people)
Hebei Province (13 people)
Shanxi Province (0 people)
Inner Mongolia (1 person)
Liaoning Province (5 people)
Jilin Province (1 person)
Heilongjiang Province (6 people)
Shanghai City (0 people)
Jiangsu Province (3 people)
Zhejiang Province (9 people)
Anhui Province (5 people)
Fujian Province (123 people)
Jiangxi Province (5 people)
Shandong Province (18 people)
Henan Province (6 people)
Hubei Province (11 people)
Hunan Province (11 people)
Guangdong Province (306 people)
Guangxi Province (6 people)
Hainan Province (4 people)
Chongqing City (3 people)
Sichuan Province (28 people)
Guizhou Province 12 people)
Yunnan Province (6 people)
Tibet (0 people)
Shaanxi Province (2 people)
Gansu Province (1 person)
Qinghai Province (0 people)
Ningxia (1 person)
Xinjiang (3 people)
other (1 person)
special tips: the map data does not include Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other regions, please understand.