Central bank digital currency security
The digital currency of the central bank is DCEP
the name of the digital currency developed by the central bank is DCEP (digital currency electronic payment). DC is digital currency. EP is electronic payment. Payment transmits digital things through a certain way, not paper currency. Therefore, electronic payment itself has the attribute of digital currency
The characteristics of digital currency are: low transaction cost; Fast trading speed; Highly anonymous
extended data
Application of digital currency
I. fast, economic and safe payment and settlement
cross border payment helps RMB internationalization. In 2015, the settlement volume of cross-border payment involving current account is about 8 trillion yuan. To accelerate the internationalization of RMB, cross-border payment and settlement procts and solutions with low cost, high efficiency and low risk are needed
At present, there are still a lot of repetitive human work in the bank's electronic loan process and processing process, and as the basic support of loan issuance, many of the collateral has the situation of false pricing or multiple or even no collateral. We can consider using digital currency to price and track bank collateral:3. Bill finance and supply chain finance
in recent years, various bill market businesses based on commercial bills have grown rapidly, and bill financing procts have become a hot area of Internet financing. However, about 70% of the current bill businesses in China are still paper transactions, Supply chain finance is also highly dependent on labor costs
reference materials
network digital currency
1. High liquidity
every good and reliable digital currency is essential. Every digital currency should have strong liquidity, not only in the scope of third-party trading platform, but also in offline entities or countries like bitcoin
Second, lower volatility
generally, volatility comes from the influence of third-party trading platform, which is similar to stock trading. Strong operators need to control the market to prevent the digital currency market from soaring or plummeting. Therefore, the volatility of a digital currency can show whether the digital currency can develop stably
Third, tradability one of the most important properties of digital currency is tradability. If a digital currency does not have tradability, the digital currency is basically useless. Only when a digital currency has tradability can it have liquidity and volatility Fourth, the nature of decentralization digital currency has the characteristics of decentralization. Digital money is neither controlled nor manipulated by centralized entities. That is to say, no indivial or third party can obtain the user's digital currency Fifth, the value of digital currency is increasing based on the market demand. It is not subject to government regulation or operation, which is not like legal money. The rise and fall of digital currency price depends on the transactions between users on the third-party trading platformthe media's attention to the central bank's digital currency has increased significantly, especially after Zuckerberg testified in Congress on the Libra issue and Christina Lagarde acknowledged the "clear demand" for stable currency at her first media reception as president of the European Central Bank, which seems to have changed the public's view on this matter, Let many people in cryptocurrency community think that cbdcs is in sight<
according to the latest survey report released by the bank for International Settlements, central banks in the past seven years have been investigating this technology and assessing its impact. Of the 63 central banks surveyed, 55 said they were unlikely to issue cbdcs in the next three years, and only one reported that they were "highly likely to issue large-scale cbdcs in the next three to six years."
although the proportion of central banks studying cbdcs is very high, the crux of the problem is that it is mainly theoretical and investigative work. Only five central banks have concted more in-depth research and real project development or experimentation - but that still does not mean that they will necessarily issue cbdcs
through close observation, it is more and more obvious that both Libra recently released by Facebook and the new stable currency assets have had a significant impact on the central bank. Today's situation took hundreds of years to form, but it changed in a few months; Competition, the most terrifying and unfamiliar concept that has never been thought of before and penetrated into the elite society of central banks, is now knocking at the door
it can be said that the solution to the current situation is still unclear. Some people who are familiar with these things even say that they are bluffing. However, in Lagarde's own words, the slow and wait-and-see regulatory approach can no longer meet the needs
1. What is central bank digital currency<
what is the difference between central bank digital currency CBDC and other digital currencies
CBDC is a new form of currency, which is directly issued by the central bank in digital form as legal tender. The current form of legal currency is cash, reserve deposit or balance settlement< There are two main differences between CBDC and other digital currencies (including cryptocurrency and other forms of central bank currency):
1. CBDC has nothing to do with cryptoassets. They're not decentralized, they don't have to be blockchain based, and they're certainly not anonymous, they're not unlicensed, they're not censored< 2. Contrary to the current digital cash, the operation structure of CBDC will be different from other forms of central bank currency. CBDC has more powerful functions. They are programmable, can generate interest, can be cleared in near real time, and have cheaper handling charges and wider openness
when designing CBDC, the speed of central banks is different. Different central banks adopt their own approach. However, in general, there are three problems being explored: whether CBDC should be based on token or account number, whether CBDC should be batch (only open to banks) or retail (open to the public), and whether it should be based on DLT
when CBDC is to be implemented, things will become complicated, and there are many thorny problems to be considered
for example, once CBDC is launched, does it need to cancel cash? Should CBDC carry interest? Should they have face value like cash? Or linked to the total price index? What impact will this have on commercial banks? What about anonymity and privacy? All these questions need to be answered<
2. Motivation for issuing CBDC
in the 2017 staff discussion paper, the Bank of Canada gave six reasons for issuing CBDC in an article entitled "central bank digital currency: motivation and impact":
1. Ensure that the central bank provides sufficient cash to the public, and maintain the seigniorage revenue of the central bank
2, Support non-traditional monetary policy
3. Rece overall risk and improve financial stability
4. Improve payment competitiveness
5. Promote financial inclusiveness
6. Curb criminal activities
looking back at the bank for International Settlements survey we analyzed earlier, payment security and domestic efficiency are selected as the most important motives of the central bank. According to a large number of papers published by the central bank and other large financial institutions, for developed countries, the transformation into a cashless society is the main driving factor, while for developing countries, financial inclusiveness, cost rection and operational efficiency are the main motivation
throughout the rest of the reports and the literature that can be found, the fierce competition brought about by bitcoin and other innovations in the cryptocurrency instry, as well as the clear need for "one step ahead", of course, are not listed as the reasons for issuing CBDC< The advantages and potential risks of CBDC are very low.
if the central bank starts to launch CBDC and succeeds in the end, there are many potential benefits
from a technical point of view, CBDC is much better than the current form of legal currency. They can be tracked better, collect taxes more conveniently, transmit monetary policy better, have better financial inclusiveness, and rece the cost of procing physical currency
the most obvious advantage is that payment is cheaper and faster, whether it is domestic payment or cross-border payment
in addition to the design and implementation problems, a key problem of issuing CBDC is that CBDC may increase the risk of bank operation. However, this only happens when banks promise that their deposits can be converted into CBDC on demand, which is not necessarily the case, according to the Bank of England document
4. Facts on the ground
how far is it from us to see a real CBDC appear in the market? It's hard to estimate, but at present, we can sum up the current situation in one sentence: all talk but no practice
if we put aside the failed digital currencies of Ecuador, Tunisia and Venezuela, we can only do theoretical research, a small amount of experiments, and issue some feasible CBDC issuance announcements supported by the state in the future
the most famous CBDC projects in progress are: e-peso in Uruguay (the project was successfully tested in 2018), DCEP in China, "project Inthanon" in Thailand, e-krona in Sweden (still in the research stage)...
5. The revolution has not yet been successful, and comrades still need to work hard
considering the factors mentioned above, Most of the headlines about CBDC's upcoming release are groundless. All projects scheled to be released this year have been delayed
in fact, there is still a long way to go for the birth of CBDC, and to convince the public, we need more than a statement. Given the current situation, it seems that CBDC and other cryptocurrencies may not affect each other - at least for now.
To guard against the possible risks brought by bitcoin, we know that digital currency represented by bitcoin has high risks. This kind of risk is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the limitation of digital currency makes it used as investment goods, and the price is extremely unstable. Those who do not understand the principle of digital currency and pay too much attention to speculation are easy to suffer losses for various reasons
Secondly, national digital currency is linked to its own legal currency to a certain extent, so it effectively avoids the price volatility of bitcoin. Because the CBDC issued by our country is guaranteed by the credit of the central bank, it must be a stable currency. In today's international situation, the research and development of digital currency in China is of great significance. The introction of digital currency is not an expedient measure, it has become the development direction of China's future currencywhen people are used to digital currency, paper money will graally withdraw from the circulation market and enter the collection field. In the new environment of payment and circulation, the traditional paper money will become a symbol of an era and a memory of people. The paper money that used to circulate in the market will also become a kind of cultural and artistic investment goods, active on the electronic disk of the post money card. And those earlier and even rarer coins will also stimulate their prices to rise in this situation. It can be seen that the central bank's graal promotion of digital currency will have a profound impact on people's living habits and investment and financial management, which is worth looking forward to Sohu)
however, digital currency does not have to be used for payment. Some domestic application-oriented digital currencies have begun to find another shortcut and come out with a different truth. For example, coin Ying China crowdfunding project token; Puyin group launched the tea based digital currency Puyin.
Jin Yong Heroes 3 (hereinafter referred to as "Jin 3") has the following characteristics:
1. Rich props
the current version has included more than 300 kinds of weapons, armor, secret scripts, pills and catering items in Jin Yong's novels, which is a small number in the huge Jin Yong world system, But in a short and lean flash RPG game is also a large scale
2. Chongxue system
the upgrade of characters in the game will not directly increase the maximum limit of life and internal power, but obtain [cultivation value]. Through these accomplishments, you can get through the eight channels of the classic one by one. The opening of each acupoint and meridian will increase the maximum limit of life and internal power. If all the acupoints on a single meridian are opened, the internal skill attribute will be increased to make the move more powerful; In addition, some advanced internal and lightness mental skills also need to get through the relevant meridians before they can be cultivated
3. Carriage system
the core meaning of carriage system is teammate system. At present, there are more than 30 characters in Jin Yong's world who can join the leading role's team and accompany them to wander the rivers and lakes< There are several characteristics of team-mates.
A. in combat, team-mates are not controlled by players, and their behavior is determined by their AI.
B. team mates can't be upgraded directly, but when they attack and destroy an enemy, they will have a certain chance to gain a bonus of a certain attribute, or compete with the protagonist in [carriage], and the protagonist wins, or they can randomly increase a certain attribute of team-mates
C teammates have favorable rating. The higher the liking degree, the higher the value the teammates will improve each time they get the chance to improve their attributes. The cultivation of liking lies in giving away the favorite things of teammates at the banquet Present the props and treasures that teammates yearn for In a word, the higher your liking, the faster your teammate will grow
D acquisition of new martial arts by teammates. Through a special event or the protagonist to give its related props. For example, if Duan Yu was given the sword score of "six pulse sword", Duan Yu would learn the martial arts of "six pulse sword"
e teammates' martial arts are upgraded according to the number of times they are used. When their internal power is insufficient, the power of the move will decrease. This is also true of the protagonist
if you leave, some of your teammates will never be found; Another part can be retrieved through subsequent events. Therefore, every time you join a teammate, you should seriously consider it. When there are four teammates in the team, other teammates will not join. Remember
4. Martial arts system
A. in the game, martial arts can be divided into [fist and palm], [finger], [sword], [sword], [stick], [concealed weapon], [internal skill moves] and so on
b [sword], [sword], [staff], [concealed weapon] all need to be equipped with corresponding equipment to use moves, otherwise they will not be able to perform
C before the battle, players can set the martial arts icon in the shortcut bar. In the battle, the number keys 1-8 correspond to the martial arts of 8 positions in the 8 shortcut bar
d [fist palm], [finger], [sword], [sword], [staff], [concealed weapon] when the internal power is insufficient, the power will be greatly reced, but the moves can still be issued The number of concealed weapons will be consumed if you use it once
e [internal skill move] only when equipped with a specific internal skill will the corresponding martial arts appear at position 8 of the shortcut bar. The power of this martial art depends on the [internal skill] attribute, but when the internal power is insufficient, it can't be used completely. Although it is powerful, it consumes a lot of internal power
f the range of martial arts can be divided into horizontal, vertical, whole and indivial. The maximum number of enemies is six in two platoons. When the people in the first row are not eliminated, you can't hit the enemy behind them by using single range martial arts
G martial arts are upgraded by the number of times they are used. The higher the savvy, the faster the upgrade will be. After upgrading, the attributes of the corresponding categories will be improved
H battle shortcut keys
1 ~ 8 correspond to 8 positions. Martial arts 0 is a common attack
qwe corresponds to the props set on the props shortcut bar
zxc selects the enemy. At present, the aperture under the enemy's feet is the target of the protagonist's attack. The target is not controlled by the player
I from the perspective of combat participation, combat can be divided into single challenge of protagonist and group fight of teammates; According to the battle result, it can be divided into plot battle and life and death battle, that is, if you lose, you will win the battle and you will end up destroying all the enemies; The failure of the battle begins when the protagonist's life is hit to zero
5. The map of the Central Plains
is more abundant than Jinyong Heroes 2. Among them, there are 21 well-known sects in Jinyong's world, which can be used for practicing martial arts and annexing. That is to say, as long as you are powerful enough to unify many sects in the Jianghu, it is not impossible for you to have an addiction to the emperor of Wulin
6. Events
there are two kinds of events in golden 3
one is announcement event, which is similar to task release. Different tasks will be released every month for players to complete, and each time players enter the game, they will receive different announcement events
the other is adventure. This requires players to seriously find out when wandering in the world
most of the announcement tasks are based on the original events of Jin Yong's novels
after completing the announcement task or the adventure in the Jianghu, the result may also be to join new teammates, learn new martial arts, and obtain new secrets...
7 time
the time in the game passes according to the player's behavior. According to the plot arrangement, the player's [River and lake career] is only two years, and after two years, he will enter the so-called [doomsday robbery] [decisive battle]! Therefore, players must carefully plan their daily life in the game world, and don't wait until they are finally knocked down to the ground to regret for their mediocrity...
8 schools to learn from
currently, there are 5 schools to learn from. But the admission conditions are very harsh, and part of the story is hidden. Please feel patiently. The sects are Shaolin, Wudang, Huashan, Quanzhen and Gumu
9 with instructions
a this game supports custom avatar function. Please prepare 60 * 71 head picture in advance
if the picture is stored in the Internet space, you can directly fill in the network address of the picture in the [picture address]
if the picture is local, please refer to the following format:
file: / / / G: / / avatar. JPG
is to add "file: / /"
b "Gold 3" will inherit the [super initial archive] generated by "gold 2" after customs clearance. But the premise is that this archive is generated by playing "golden 2 plus" online on the website, and the locally generated one cannot be inherited temporarily. And must be in the same website, namely in a website play "gold 2 enhanced version" generated archive, also only a website "Gold 3" can inherit. This is determined by the characteristics of flash itself. At present, the author is still thinking about how to improve it in the future
C in this game, the role of sleep is to replenish life internal power and save
d this game can't be played locally for the time being, because it will cause exceptions
e there may be some bugs in this version. Please leave a message on the author's blog in time http://blog.sina.com.cn/JYgame
f the game material is from the Internet, part of which is original by the author. Most of the game picture resources right for the original game proction company all! If it violates your legal rights, please contact the author: XO_ [email protected] This game is made by the author. Please do not modify or crack it without permission,
1.06 repair content
[fix] when Yan Honglie was killed in the capital city, he was killed at the airport.
[fix] the bug that blacksmith ore couldn't get weapons.
[fix] the date when he left the school at the end of the year bug
[fix] life becomes negative bug
[fix] Huang Rong can't join the bug.
[fix] the medicine is invalid bug.
[fix] Ren Yingying's mission is black Screen bug
[correction] Wudang faction danfang Yu Lianzhou el crash bug
[correction] niujiacun cycle killing robbers bug
[correction] unable to learn wind Sabre bug
[correction] niujiacun ancestor Qianqiu tea selling bug
[correction] ice silkworm task win will crash bug
[correction] internal skill upgrade text prompt error
[add] ancient tomb martial arts beauty boxing
Add] the plot of siguoya and some martial arts of Huashan sect
[add] the function of fighting and escaping in the sect
[note] teammates are in the team, but they can't fight. There are only two reasons: one is that the opponent points out that he or she wants to fight with you alone; the other is that his or her teammates are seriously injured and can't fight with him or her life is 1.
update of version 1.07, Nun Dingyi has no fighting image bug
[fix] can't detoxify bug
[fix] Hengshan sect can't leave bug
[fix] innocent special effect bug appears in the game
[fix] the countdown to doomsday robbery 30 days prompt circulation bug
[fix] the problem will be recovered if the cultivation point changes life internal power
[fix] heartbreak grass can't cure Yang Guo bug
[fix] sect Skills don't show level bug
[fix] card problem of women's clothing for teammates
[fix] Huang zhenchu won the fight and couldn't get goods bug
[fix] Tian Guinong's task couldn't get cold moon sword bug correctly
[enhance] the effect of bear gall and snake gall
[enhance] improve the initial ability of the protagonist
[rece] the difficulty of obtaining some secret scripts