Goldman Sachs digital currency
Publish: 2021-04-21 01:26:18
1.
Less than a month after Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, failed to beat bitcoin, bitcoin hit a new record. It not only regained the land lost last month, but also broke $5300 today
At JPMorgan's third quarter earnings meeting on Thursday morning local time, Dimon said he would not comment on bitcoin"I will not classify this (bitcoin) as the most important transaction category, but I will not discuss bitcoin any more." Damon said
bitcoin rose rapidly from less than $1000 at the beginning of 2017 to $4900 at the beginning of September. After that, bitcoin dropped rapidly from US $4900 to US $3500 in the first half of September, and then rebounded. Bitcoin has recovered its lost ground and broken through the US $5800 barrier
Dimon once had a similar but more intense evaluation that the circulation value of bitcoin is limited to a very small market
bitcoin's sharp price fluctuation, on the one hand, has attracted speculation about speculative asset bubbles in the market. On the other hand, it has attracted a lot of attention from investors and banks. p> In early October, some media quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that Goldman Sachs was considering directly carrying out market making transactions of bitcoin and other digital currencies, becoming the first Wall Street giant to prepare to directly trade digital currencies. Lloyd Blankfein, CEO of Goldman Sachs, later tweeted: "bitcoin is still under consideration. There is no conclusion, no support and no rejection. I know that when paper money replaces gold, some people will also be skeptical. "
a spokesman for Goldman Sachs said that it is exploring the best service for customers in the field of digital currency
since June this year, Goldman Sachs has begun to release bitcoin research reports, becoming the first large investment bank on Wall Street to release bitcoin price analysis. In an August report, Goldman Sachs said it has become increasingly difficult for institutional investors to ignore bitcoin and the virtual money market
James Gorman, CEO of Morgan Stanley, said at the end of September that bitcoin was definitely not just a fad“ Anonymous money is a very interesting concept, it provides privacy protection for people, it also has meaning for the central banking system. "
Abigail Johnson, CEO of fidelity, an asset management company that manages $2.3 trillion, has joined the ranks of bitcoin gold miners with practical actions. When Johnson attended the digital currency conference in September, she delivered a long speech, saying that her company not only studied regional chain technology, but also injected venture capital into many companies engaged in bitcoin related businessfidelity owns a bitcoin mining company through investment. Johnson himself has been engaged in bitcoin mining business for a long time, and he has a considerable amount of bitcoin
2.
Japan, South Korea, India and other countries support bitcoin because they are optimistic about digital currency and blockchain technology itself. However, speculators inflate the price of bitcoin, making it more risky
according to a survey of Huo coin.com, 80.77% of bitcoin trading investors are in order to achieve short-term profits. They keep buying and selling along with the fluctuation of the price of bitcoin to earn the difference
Sheba Jafari, head of technology strategy at Goldman Sachs Group, recently released a chart Research Report, in which he predicted the trend of the price of the special currency in the next week. In the report, he pointed out that the digital currency is in a & quot; Impulsive & quot; Rising trend & quot; The fifth wave & quot; In the medium term, it is expected to further rise to as high as US $4827 in the short term
however, & quot; Once the complete five wave sequence is in place, theoretically speaking, the market will enter the correction stage& quot; In the world of digital currencies, it is not uncommon for prices to fluctuate by hundreds of dollars. Bitcoin hit a record high of $3025 in mid June, but fell by more than $1000 in the following month. It has risen again and reached a new high in the past two weeks. Analysts said that the reason why bitcoin prices ushered in this upward trend is that investors are optimistic about its prospects
is better
3. Goldman Sachs & Co. was founded in 1869 and headquartered in New York, USA. Goldman Sachs is the world's leading investment bank with a long history, large scale and strong strength. At present, Goldman Sachs has total assets of more than 300 billion US dollars, more than 20000 employees in the world, and 42 branches or offices in 24 countries<
the main businesses of Goldman Sachs include corporate financing, M & a consulting, securities trading, asset management, direct investment, etc. Goldman Sachs has always maintained its leading position in the market with its excellent service. In 2000, Goldman Sachs ranked first in the world in initial public offering, follow-up stock offering, convertible securities offering, M & a consulting and other fields; In particular, Goldman Sachs also ranks first in Asia in the field of stock issuance and M & a consulting. For this reason, Goldman Sachs has won many media honors, including the selection of Goldman Sachs as the world's best stock and securities firm in the past 25 years by the authoritative magazine international financial review Global finance ranked Goldman Sachs as the world's best M & a bank in 2000; Reuters named Goldman as the best investment bank chosen by its chief financial officer in 2000
Goldman Sachs attaches great importance to China as an emerging market. Its headquarters in Hong Kong is directly responsible for the development of its business in China. In 1994, it set up representative offices in Beijing and Shanghai. Over the years, Goldman Sachs has been committed to assisting Chinese enterprises to actively enter the international capital market and providing world-class financial advisory services. In the past decade, Goldman Sachs ranked first among foreign investment banks in China's stock issuance and China's M & a consulting. Goldman Sachs provides financing in the international market for China Southern Airlines, China Mobile, PetroChina, Bank of China and many other customers; It also provides financial advisory services for China Mobile's acquisition of provincial assets, BP Amoco's acquisition of PetroChina equity, Lenovo's spin off of Digital China and other M & A businesses. In addition to its investment banking business, Goldman Sachs also makes direct investment in China, including Ping An insurance, Sina, securities Star, etc< Merrill Lynch is a leading international financial management and consulting company. It covers 43 countries on six continents. Provide a variety of financial services for indivial and organizational customers, including:
● personal financial plan
● securities underwriting
● trade and brokerage
● investment banking and consulting services
● foreign exchange trading
● futures and financial derivatives
● insurance
● R & d
Merrill Lynch's total customer assets exceed $1 trillion, Leading in providing financial advisory and management services to indivials and small businesses. As an investment bank, it has become the largest underwriter of stocks and bonds in the world for eight years. It is also a strategic consultant for enterprises, governments, institutions and indivials. Through Merrill Lynch asset management, the company operates one of the world's largest mutual fund groups
business principles
ml promises to conct personal and organizational behaviors under the norms of business principles. This commitment has helped Merrill Lynch become a world-class company. Any system and operating principles are incorporated into its business
customer benefits
understand customers through participation and meeting their wishes
realize customers' wishes without violating ML's honest principle
provide valuable consultation by analyzing customer needs and solving customer problems
provide the broadest and best quality procts and services to make it easy for customers to use
by actively listening to customers' feedback, we can develop and maintain long-term relationship with customers and build our own reputation
provide personal services
use professional skills to meet the changing needs of customers
meet the needs of customers through unity and cooperation, and balance ability and resources
first class securities underwriting and trading experts
Securities Market
ml has the most powerful asset capability in the world. Merrill Lynch's international strength comes from the diversity of procts and services it provides to its customers, as well as its representative offices in more than 40 countries around the world. Ml has always been a unified world-class financial services company. It is engaged in asset research, sales, trade and planning. Its global asset capability has won worldwide recognition<
the world leader of debt market
ml plays a leading role in the world debt market. In the past seven years, the company has ranked first in the world in debt. The right and attitude in the international market are mainly the reform research of the world region: through the efforts of more than 2000 sales and trade professionals, we can research procts that can meet the taste of customers, provide analytical research that can meet the needs of customers, and the international power in distribution and trade
municipal market
ml has a long history of leadership in the U.S. municipal debt market, and has made remarkable achievements in the fields of institutional trade, retail distribution, R & D, municipal derivatives, and debt insurance. Since Merrill Lynch focuses on regional rights and the needs of investment clients, it is able to balance its consulting experience with its capital bearing capacity
Merrill Lynch's ability is reflected in ML's commitment to improving public services. They have been chief senior managers of tax-free securities since 1980. In 1996, long-term bonds were insured for $220 billion a year. Customers issuing securities through ml can keep in touch not only with instrial leaders in the municipal sector, but also with leaders across debt categories. In 1996, the outstanding achievement of US $1.3 billion tax-free insurance shows that experience plays an important role in the primary and secondary markets. Ml has been investing assets in the secondary market for decades. In the past few years, Merrill Lynch's institutional trading division has won the highest votes among institutional investors< Investment banking is a market leader providing global consulting and financial services for enterprises, institutions and governments. Strong network management, innovation, proct development, and long-lasting and insurmountable ethical standards have promoted ml to be second to none in the investment banking instry. Domestic and international business capacity exceeds all its competitors. ML's experience as a leading securities underwriter and trader enhances its insight and gives it the market knowledge necessary to provide customers with accurate and creative financial strategies< M & A (M & A)
through M & a group, ML is a leading consulting company in M & A transactions and one of the top Western consulting companies in the United States and the world. Since 1995, ML has provided consulting services for 1100 transactions with a transaction value of more than $1.2 trillion. Ml provides customers with various types of strategic services, including pre merger strategy, sales, acquisition, divestiture, divestiture of the parent company, divestiture of the subsidiary, and joint venture services. ML's M & A experts can provide different expert advice according to the strategic needs of customers. They work closely with other instry experts in ml to meet customers' needs
1998 was a record breaking year, with ML consulting 14 of the 40 largest transactions, including 6 of the top 15< Financial futures and options
ml financial futures and options department helps institutional clients make risk management and investment decisions by using interest rates, stocks and financial derivatives. Constantly improve the company's capital market resources around the world in order to provide comprehensive strategies for its customers< Enterprise sales
ml provides a wide range of procts and services to institutional investors through the international sales force composed of more than 850 instries
the institutional client department is responsible for the business relationship between ml and institutional investors, including the largest enterprises, pension funds, financial institutions, government agencies and businessmen holding major investment assets in the world<
ml for customers:
analyze the asset portfolio of each customer to make market and investment decisions
provide the widest range of procts, including the development of integrated creative procts
strengthen international contacts through the recent merger and office network< JP Morgan is a leading international financial company, which can meet the urgent financial needs of businesses, enterprises, governments and indivials. It provides consulting services for corporate strategy, raises funds, develops financial market tools, and manages investment assets. Meanwhile, in order to seize the market opportunity, Morgan has committed its assets to well-known enterprises, good investment and trading projects<
the company is divided into five main departments:
● finance and consulting
● market development
● asset management consulting
● stock investment
● asset right investment and management
● Frontier Change
in the former United States, the structural defects of glass Steagall act are fully reflected. Big companies are looking for more cost-effective ways to borrow money than from banks. So banks are forced to look for new business opportunities. Morgan has started its frontier< In 1989, the Federal Reserve granted Morgan the privilege to underwrite corporate debt securities. A year later, the privilege was extended to underwrite shares. With his rich experience in European countries, Morgan has accumulated new strength in the United States
today, JP Morgan provides customers all over the world with strong comprehensive capabilities, including fund-raising, strategic consulting, market development methods and asset management. Although the current business environment of the company is more complex and changes more rapidly than when it was founded, its business principles are always inconvenient. Its three tenets are integrity, objectivity and correctness< JP Morgan international market research group is established to provide professional analysis and global services. JP Morgan's 75 analysts are located in 20 cities and consulting agencies around the world. Most of them have become independent leaders in their respective fields. It includes:
economic analysis and forecast
credit analysis of stock issuers
Research on financial derivatives
analysis of domestic and international markets where the same goods can be traded in different markets
bond index provided to governments and companies Analysis of emerging markets of domestic debt and foreign exchange
provide professional technology on debt and financial derivatives
our research group is a market leader, and uses advanced technology, such as the Internet, to improve the quality of service to customers<
main business
. Financial consulting
provides strategic and structural consulting to customers, and helps them raise funds through debt and asset underwriting and planning credit business. JP Morgan provides consulting services on mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, privatizations, and restructurings, as well as transactions to meet customers' needs and fulfill their wishes. Our finance
the main businesses of Goldman Sachs include corporate financing, M & a consulting, securities trading, asset management, direct investment, etc. Goldman Sachs has always maintained its leading position in the market with its excellent service. In 2000, Goldman Sachs ranked first in the world in initial public offering, follow-up stock offering, convertible securities offering, M & a consulting and other fields; In particular, Goldman Sachs also ranks first in Asia in the field of stock issuance and M & a consulting. For this reason, Goldman Sachs has won many media honors, including the selection of Goldman Sachs as the world's best stock and securities firm in the past 25 years by the authoritative magazine international financial review Global finance ranked Goldman Sachs as the world's best M & a bank in 2000; Reuters named Goldman as the best investment bank chosen by its chief financial officer in 2000
Goldman Sachs attaches great importance to China as an emerging market. Its headquarters in Hong Kong is directly responsible for the development of its business in China. In 1994, it set up representative offices in Beijing and Shanghai. Over the years, Goldman Sachs has been committed to assisting Chinese enterprises to actively enter the international capital market and providing world-class financial advisory services. In the past decade, Goldman Sachs ranked first among foreign investment banks in China's stock issuance and China's M & a consulting. Goldman Sachs provides financing in the international market for China Southern Airlines, China Mobile, PetroChina, Bank of China and many other customers; It also provides financial advisory services for China Mobile's acquisition of provincial assets, BP Amoco's acquisition of PetroChina equity, Lenovo's spin off of Digital China and other M & A businesses. In addition to its investment banking business, Goldman Sachs also makes direct investment in China, including Ping An insurance, Sina, securities Star, etc< Merrill Lynch is a leading international financial management and consulting company. It covers 43 countries on six continents. Provide a variety of financial services for indivial and organizational customers, including:
● personal financial plan
● securities underwriting
● trade and brokerage
● investment banking and consulting services
● foreign exchange trading
● futures and financial derivatives
● insurance
● R & d
Merrill Lynch's total customer assets exceed $1 trillion, Leading in providing financial advisory and management services to indivials and small businesses. As an investment bank, it has become the largest underwriter of stocks and bonds in the world for eight years. It is also a strategic consultant for enterprises, governments, institutions and indivials. Through Merrill Lynch asset management, the company operates one of the world's largest mutual fund groups
business principles
ml promises to conct personal and organizational behaviors under the norms of business principles. This commitment has helped Merrill Lynch become a world-class company. Any system and operating principles are incorporated into its business
customer benefits
understand customers through participation and meeting their wishes
realize customers' wishes without violating ML's honest principle
provide valuable consultation by analyzing customer needs and solving customer problems
provide the broadest and best quality procts and services to make it easy for customers to use
by actively listening to customers' feedback, we can develop and maintain long-term relationship with customers and build our own reputation
provide personal services
use professional skills to meet the changing needs of customers
meet the needs of customers through unity and cooperation, and balance ability and resources
first class securities underwriting and trading experts
Securities Market
ml has the most powerful asset capability in the world. Merrill Lynch's international strength comes from the diversity of procts and services it provides to its customers, as well as its representative offices in more than 40 countries around the world. Ml has always been a unified world-class financial services company. It is engaged in asset research, sales, trade and planning. Its global asset capability has won worldwide recognition<
the world leader of debt market
ml plays a leading role in the world debt market. In the past seven years, the company has ranked first in the world in debt. The right and attitude in the international market are mainly the reform research of the world region: through the efforts of more than 2000 sales and trade professionals, we can research procts that can meet the taste of customers, provide analytical research that can meet the needs of customers, and the international power in distribution and trade
municipal market
ml has a long history of leadership in the U.S. municipal debt market, and has made remarkable achievements in the fields of institutional trade, retail distribution, R & D, municipal derivatives, and debt insurance. Since Merrill Lynch focuses on regional rights and the needs of investment clients, it is able to balance its consulting experience with its capital bearing capacity
Merrill Lynch's ability is reflected in ML's commitment to improving public services. They have been chief senior managers of tax-free securities since 1980. In 1996, long-term bonds were insured for $220 billion a year. Customers issuing securities through ml can keep in touch not only with instrial leaders in the municipal sector, but also with leaders across debt categories. In 1996, the outstanding achievement of US $1.3 billion tax-free insurance shows that experience plays an important role in the primary and secondary markets. Ml has been investing assets in the secondary market for decades. In the past few years, Merrill Lynch's institutional trading division has won the highest votes among institutional investors< Investment banking is a market leader providing global consulting and financial services for enterprises, institutions and governments. Strong network management, innovation, proct development, and long-lasting and insurmountable ethical standards have promoted ml to be second to none in the investment banking instry. Domestic and international business capacity exceeds all its competitors. ML's experience as a leading securities underwriter and trader enhances its insight and gives it the market knowledge necessary to provide customers with accurate and creative financial strategies< M & A (M & A)
through M & a group, ML is a leading consulting company in M & A transactions and one of the top Western consulting companies in the United States and the world. Since 1995, ML has provided consulting services for 1100 transactions with a transaction value of more than $1.2 trillion. Ml provides customers with various types of strategic services, including pre merger strategy, sales, acquisition, divestiture, divestiture of the parent company, divestiture of the subsidiary, and joint venture services. ML's M & A experts can provide different expert advice according to the strategic needs of customers. They work closely with other instry experts in ml to meet customers' needs
1998 was a record breaking year, with ML consulting 14 of the 40 largest transactions, including 6 of the top 15< Financial futures and options
ml financial futures and options department helps institutional clients make risk management and investment decisions by using interest rates, stocks and financial derivatives. Constantly improve the company's capital market resources around the world in order to provide comprehensive strategies for its customers< Enterprise sales
ml provides a wide range of procts and services to institutional investors through the international sales force composed of more than 850 instries
the institutional client department is responsible for the business relationship between ml and institutional investors, including the largest enterprises, pension funds, financial institutions, government agencies and businessmen holding major investment assets in the world<
ml for customers:
analyze the asset portfolio of each customer to make market and investment decisions
provide the widest range of procts, including the development of integrated creative procts
strengthen international contacts through the recent merger and office network< JP Morgan is a leading international financial company, which can meet the urgent financial needs of businesses, enterprises, governments and indivials. It provides consulting services for corporate strategy, raises funds, develops financial market tools, and manages investment assets. Meanwhile, in order to seize the market opportunity, Morgan has committed its assets to well-known enterprises, good investment and trading projects<
the company is divided into five main departments:
● finance and consulting
● market development
● asset management consulting
● stock investment
● asset right investment and management
● Frontier Change
in the former United States, the structural defects of glass Steagall act are fully reflected. Big companies are looking for more cost-effective ways to borrow money than from banks. So banks are forced to look for new business opportunities. Morgan has started its frontier< In 1989, the Federal Reserve granted Morgan the privilege to underwrite corporate debt securities. A year later, the privilege was extended to underwrite shares. With his rich experience in European countries, Morgan has accumulated new strength in the United States
today, JP Morgan provides customers all over the world with strong comprehensive capabilities, including fund-raising, strategic consulting, market development methods and asset management. Although the current business environment of the company is more complex and changes more rapidly than when it was founded, its business principles are always inconvenient. Its three tenets are integrity, objectivity and correctness< JP Morgan international market research group is established to provide professional analysis and global services. JP Morgan's 75 analysts are located in 20 cities and consulting agencies around the world. Most of them have become independent leaders in their respective fields. It includes:
economic analysis and forecast
credit analysis of stock issuers
Research on financial derivatives
analysis of domestic and international markets where the same goods can be traded in different markets
bond index provided to governments and companies Analysis of emerging markets of domestic debt and foreign exchange
provide professional technology on debt and financial derivatives
our research group is a market leader, and uses advanced technology, such as the Internet, to improve the quality of service to customers<
main business
. Financial consulting
provides strategic and structural consulting to customers, and helps them raise funds through debt and asset underwriting and planning credit business. JP Morgan provides consulting services on mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, privatizations, and restructurings, as well as transactions to meet customers' needs and fulfill their wishes. Our finance
4.
1. Goldman Sachs (in order of ranking)
the earliest professional investment bank in the world, founded by Mr. Goldman Sachs in 1861<
Goldman Sachs is famous for its strong corporate culture. In the history of more than 100 years, it has always adhered to the main body strategy of investment banks, rarely involved in commercial banks, retail brokerage and other fields (but not completely not involved), and is the first investment bank on Wall Street
extended data:
investment banks are a kind of financial institutions corresponding to commercial banks. They are non bank financial institutions mainly engaged in securities issuance, underwriting, trading, enterprise restructuring, merger and acquisition, investment analysis, venture capital, project financing and other businesses. They are the main financial intermediaries in the capital market
investment bank is the name of the United States and the European continent, the United Kingdom is called merchant bank, and in Japan, it refers to securities companies
There are four main organizational forms of investment banks:one is independent professional investment banks, which have many institutions all over the world, and they have their own business directions, such as Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley in the United States
Second, investment banks owned by commercial banks, mainly through mergers and acquisitions of other investment banks, equity participation or the establishment of subsidiaries to engage in investment banking business, which is very typical in Britain and Germany, such as HSBC Group and UBS group Third, all-round banks directly operate investment banking business, which mainly appears in Europe. Banks are engaged in investment banking business as well as commercial banking business, such as Deutsche Bank Fourthly, financial companies set up by some large multinational companies. In China, the main representatives of investment banks are: China International Finance Co., Ltd., CITIC Securities, etcreference: investment banking network
5. The cultivation of computational ability is an important task in primary school mathematics teaching. The level of a person's computing ability is the embodiment of his thinking agility and thinking flexibility in computing, which reflects the level of his basic mathematical quality. The level of computing ability not only affects students' academic performance, but also directly affects students' intellectual development, and also has a direct impact on students' future study and work. In the primary school stage, the main purpose is to cultivate students' ability to calculate integers, decimals and fractions, and to achieve correct and rapid calculation. At the same time, the method is required to be reasonable and flexible. How to cultivate and improve students' computing ability to meet the above requirements
in this paper, I would like to talk about some superficial understanding of this problem< First, we should fully understand the importance of developing computing ability
one of the aims of primary school mathematics teaching is to cultivate students' computational ability, and teachers must have enough understanding. Some teachers don't pay enough attention to the cultivation and improvement of students' computing ability, and they don't let students find the rules and interests of computing. This is a big obstacle to cultivate and improve students' computing ability, which must be removed. Computational ability is a necessary ability for students< Number and calculation are widely used in daily life, work and study. In the real world, from the perspective of mathematics, there are mainly three aspects: number, quantity and shape. However, measurement is inseparable from number and calculation, and the quantification of body size is inseparable from number and calculation. Therefore, number and calculation are the most basic tools for people to understand the objective world and the basic knowledge and skills that every citizen should master< Number and calculation are the basis for students to learn other mathematical knowledge and even other subjects. This part of the knowledge is not good, students can not enter the normal learning< Number and calculation play an important role in cultivating students' thinking ability. Mastering the process of number and calculation is also the process of cultivating students' abstract generalization ability. In this way, students also develop the ability of abstract generalization in the process of learning to master the knowledge of number and calculation
4. The teaching of number and calculation is concive to infiltrating the enlightenment ecation of dialectical materialism. The concept of number is graally formed and developed with the needs of human life and practice. When teachers want to teach the concept of number, the relationship between calculation method and calculation method, they can infiltrate the enlightenment ecation of dialectical materialism
Second, clarify the calculation theory and improve the teaching quality of calculation
in the teaching of calculation, teachers should pay attention to explain the principle of calculation and reveal the law of calculation, so that students can know what it is and why it is
1. The abstraction of arithmetic is a difficult point in primary school teaching. In teaching, we try to transform the abstraction into the concrete by means of visual demonstration, so as to make the arithmetic clear
2. Learn to operate with tools, explore and comprehend. Psychologists believe that thinking begins with action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. For example, if the students have difficulty in understanding the "method of making up ten" in addition within 20, we will ask them to come out with sticks to help them learn the calculation method of "making up ten" by playing with sticks
3. Contact with practice to deepen understanding. Using students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge is the main way to construct teaching knowledge structure. Properly using old knowledge in teaching, assimilating new knowledge through analogy, and realizing positive transfer of knowledge are concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, when teaching the calculation method of decimal addition, we can use the rate relationship of RMB units that students are familiar with to explain the reason that decimal points must be aligned
4. Pay attention to perception and strengthen stimulation. For the parts that are easy to be ignored by students, we should pay attention to strengthen the stimulation intensity (such as emphasis on entering and leaving places, emphasis on the treatment of decimal points, etc.) to attract students' attention, leave students a clear and correct impression, and avoid and rece errors in future calculation
5. According to the characteristics that students are prone to illusion and thinking set, we should consciously differentiate and compare the similar concepts, rules and formulas, so as to promote the accurate differentiation of new and old knowledge
6. Practice in time to consolidate and improve. Carry out targeted exercises, strengthen the key points and difficulties in the calculation process, and strive to consolidate in class
7. Pay attention to feedback and correct in time. Timely feedback, find out the students' mistakes, help students analyze the reasons and correct the mistakes in time< Third, we should deal with the relationship between written and oral arithmetic
oral arithmetic is a kind of calculation method which can only calculate and get the results by thinking and language without any tools. It has the characteristics of fast and flexible
mental arithmetic is an important part of computing power. Oral calculation is the basis of written calculation and estimation. Both written calculation and estimation ability are developed on the basis of accurate and skilled oral calculation ability. Without a certain basis of oral calculation, the cultivation of written calculation and estimation ability becomes the water without source. In addition, mental arithmetic is widely used in daily life, proction and scientific research. Therefore, it is very important to insist on the training of oral arithmetic and listening arithmetic in teaching to improve students' computing ability
(1) oral arithmetic teaching must run through the whole process of primary school mathematics teaching. In the lower grades, basic oral arithmetic such as addition and subtraction within 20, multiplication within the table and division are arranged; The middle grade arranges some oral arithmetic which is the basis of written arithmetic and often used in daily life; In order to cultivate students' ability of using knowledge flexibly and their ability of oral calculation, senior students arrange some questions of using operation law to do oral calculation in exercises. Each teaching reference book puts forward the requirements for the oral arithmetic of this semester in stages. Teachers should make the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability to be implemented, and effectively improve students' oral arithmetic ability
(2) arrange oral calculation reasonably. In compulsory textbooks, the basic oral arithmetic, which is the basis of written arithmetic, is taught before written arithmetic, while some difficult but not the most basic ones are taught after written arithmetic, so as to further improve students' oral arithmetic ability. For example, addition and subtraction within 20 is an important foundation of addition and subtraction, and only oral arithmetic is taught. In addition and subtraction within 100, two digit addition, subtraction of one digit and integral tens, such as 27 + 6, 27 + 30, are the basis of both written and oral arithmetic. Therefore, this part of the content before the written calculation, only teaching oral calculation; It is more difficult for students to master double-digit plus or minus double-digit, so the first grade first teaches written arithmetic, and the second grade further requires oral arithmetic. In this way, students can not only learn written arithmetic, but also form a strong ability of oral arithmetic
(3) pay attention to the teaching of oral arithmetic. Oral examples should pay attention to the intuitive demonstration and operation to make students understand the calculation theory
(4) teach students oral arithmetic and develop their thinking. In order to improve students' ability of oral arithmetic, we should teach students correct methods of oral arithmetic. The methods are various, and we should guide students to choose the methods that they can easily understand and master. Never guide students to do oral arithmetic with the method of written arithmetic. Two digit addition: 28 + 37. I find that some students think like this: 8 + 7 = 15, indivial digit is 5, ten digit is 2 + 3 + 1 = 6, ten digit is 6. This is completely the idea of written calculation. In fact, you should think like this: 28 + 30 = 58, 58 + 7 = 75. You don't need to have a vertical pattern in your head
practice has proved that strengthening the training of oral arithmetic can not only improve the calculation level of students, but also develop their thinking ability< Fourth, encourage students to use simple algorithms to improve their ability and develop their thinking
simple calculation is a practical and effective method to improve students' calculation speed. Simple calculation often uses certain operation laws, such as addition calculation often uses addition exchange law, addition combination law, and multiplication exchange law, multiplication combination law, multiplication distribution law, etc. in multiplication calculation, some calculations are simplified from complex to easy. The study of simple calculation can not only improve the students' calculation speed, rece the calculation errors, but also help the development of students' thinking. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers should strengthen the teaching of simple methods
in addition, let students remember some common data, which can simplify the calculation process and improve the calculation speed. I remember an ecator said that a person's memory before the age of 13 is the best. He can remember a lot of things at this stage. Although he doesn't know why and how, these things don't affect his memory. The unknown reasons of these knowledge will be solved with the growth of his age and the increase of his knowledge. Therefore, we should pay attention to the development of students' memory, especially before the age of 13. The content of calculation in middle and high grades is extensive, comprehensive and comprehensive. Some common operations are often encountered in real life. These operations have no specific rules of oral arithmetic, and must be solved by strengthening memory training. The main contents of my intensive training are as follows: 1) the square result of each number from 1 to 10 in the natural number; ② A method of oral calculation for the square result of two digit number of 5 on a digit; ③ Some specific calculation results, such as 125 × 8＝1000，25 × 4 = 100, 0.25 =, 0.75 =, 0.125 =, 0.375 =, 0.625 = etc. These special calculation results are frequently used in practice, homework and life. If we master and remember them skillfully, we can transform them into abilities, which play a good role in calculation and proce high efficiency< 5. Pay attention to cultivate the good habit of careful examination and calculation
the teaching of calculation also needs to train students to form the habit of careful examination and examination. Don't just shout "be careful!" to students, To teach methods, strict requirements, form habits, improve the accuracy of calculation
the new curriculum standard points out that we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' habit of inspection. Inspection is a good way, it can make people find their own mistakes in time and correct them in time. In the process of teaching, teachers should pay attention to strengthen the teaching of checking calculation, let students use different methods to test a problem, master the test method, and skillfully use this method to judge the correctness of the answers to similar problems
six relations between addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are often used in checking. The estimation is often based on the variation of proct and quotient. For example: according to the multiplier & gt; 1, proct & gt; Multiplicand (except 0); Multiplier = 1, proct = multiplicand; If the multiplier is less than 1, the proct is less than the multiplicand (except 0), you can judge which of the following questions is greater than the multiplicand, which is less than the multiplicand, and which is equal to the multiplicand: 8 × 、 nine × 、 one × 2、0.9 × 16、5 × 1、3 × 、 × 1 According to divisor > 1, quotient < divisor (except 0); Divisor = 1, quotient = dividend; If the divisor is less than 1, the quotient is greater than the divisor (except 0), it can be judged without calculation ÷ 14、8 ÷ 1 、21 ÷ 、 ÷ 7、2 ÷ 1、0.45 ÷ Is the quotient greater than the divisor, less than the divisor, or equal to the divisor< Sixth, enrich learning activities, be happy with teaching and learning, and stimulate students' interest
the calculation problem is composed of numbers and abstract operation symbols, which makes students easily feel irritable and tired. Therefore, teachers should
in this paper, I would like to talk about some superficial understanding of this problem< First, we should fully understand the importance of developing computing ability
one of the aims of primary school mathematics teaching is to cultivate students' computational ability, and teachers must have enough understanding. Some teachers don't pay enough attention to the cultivation and improvement of students' computing ability, and they don't let students find the rules and interests of computing. This is a big obstacle to cultivate and improve students' computing ability, which must be removed. Computational ability is a necessary ability for students< Number and calculation are widely used in daily life, work and study. In the real world, from the perspective of mathematics, there are mainly three aspects: number, quantity and shape. However, measurement is inseparable from number and calculation, and the quantification of body size is inseparable from number and calculation. Therefore, number and calculation are the most basic tools for people to understand the objective world and the basic knowledge and skills that every citizen should master< Number and calculation are the basis for students to learn other mathematical knowledge and even other subjects. This part of the knowledge is not good, students can not enter the normal learning< Number and calculation play an important role in cultivating students' thinking ability. Mastering the process of number and calculation is also the process of cultivating students' abstract generalization ability. In this way, students also develop the ability of abstract generalization in the process of learning to master the knowledge of number and calculation
4. The teaching of number and calculation is concive to infiltrating the enlightenment ecation of dialectical materialism. The concept of number is graally formed and developed with the needs of human life and practice. When teachers want to teach the concept of number, the relationship between calculation method and calculation method, they can infiltrate the enlightenment ecation of dialectical materialism
Second, clarify the calculation theory and improve the teaching quality of calculation
in the teaching of calculation, teachers should pay attention to explain the principle of calculation and reveal the law of calculation, so that students can know what it is and why it is
1. The abstraction of arithmetic is a difficult point in primary school teaching. In teaching, we try to transform the abstraction into the concrete by means of visual demonstration, so as to make the arithmetic clear
2. Learn to operate with tools, explore and comprehend. Psychologists believe that thinking begins with action. To enable students to master mathematical knowledge and promote the development of thinking, it is necessary to build a bridge between image thinking and mathematical abstraction, and give full play to the role of learning tools. For example, if the students have difficulty in understanding the "method of making up ten" in addition within 20, we will ask them to come out with sticks to help them learn the calculation method of "making up ten" by playing with sticks
3. Contact with practice to deepen understanding. Using students' existing knowledge and experience to understand new knowledge is the main way to construct teaching knowledge structure. Properly using old knowledge in teaching, assimilating new knowledge through analogy, and realizing positive transfer of knowledge are concive to students' understanding of new knowledge and recognition of new knowledge structure. For example, when teaching the calculation method of decimal addition, we can use the rate relationship of RMB units that students are familiar with to explain the reason that decimal points must be aligned
4. Pay attention to perception and strengthen stimulation. For the parts that are easy to be ignored by students, we should pay attention to strengthen the stimulation intensity (such as emphasis on entering and leaving places, emphasis on the treatment of decimal points, etc.) to attract students' attention, leave students a clear and correct impression, and avoid and rece errors in future calculation
5. According to the characteristics that students are prone to illusion and thinking set, we should consciously differentiate and compare the similar concepts, rules and formulas, so as to promote the accurate differentiation of new and old knowledge
6. Practice in time to consolidate and improve. Carry out targeted exercises, strengthen the key points and difficulties in the calculation process, and strive to consolidate in class
7. Pay attention to feedback and correct in time. Timely feedback, find out the students' mistakes, help students analyze the reasons and correct the mistakes in time< Third, we should deal with the relationship between written and oral arithmetic
oral arithmetic is a kind of calculation method which can only calculate and get the results by thinking and language without any tools. It has the characteristics of fast and flexible
mental arithmetic is an important part of computing power. Oral calculation is the basis of written calculation and estimation. Both written calculation and estimation ability are developed on the basis of accurate and skilled oral calculation ability. Without a certain basis of oral calculation, the cultivation of written calculation and estimation ability becomes the water without source. In addition, mental arithmetic is widely used in daily life, proction and scientific research. Therefore, it is very important to insist on the training of oral arithmetic and listening arithmetic in teaching to improve students' computing ability
(1) oral arithmetic teaching must run through the whole process of primary school mathematics teaching. In the lower grades, basic oral arithmetic such as addition and subtraction within 20, multiplication within the table and division are arranged; The middle grade arranges some oral arithmetic which is the basis of written arithmetic and often used in daily life; In order to cultivate students' ability of using knowledge flexibly and their ability of oral calculation, senior students arrange some questions of using operation law to do oral calculation in exercises. Each teaching reference book puts forward the requirements for the oral arithmetic of this semester in stages. Teachers should make the cultivation of oral arithmetic ability to be implemented, and effectively improve students' oral arithmetic ability
(2) arrange oral calculation reasonably. In compulsory textbooks, the basic oral arithmetic, which is the basis of written arithmetic, is taught before written arithmetic, while some difficult but not the most basic ones are taught after written arithmetic, so as to further improve students' oral arithmetic ability. For example, addition and subtraction within 20 is an important foundation of addition and subtraction, and only oral arithmetic is taught. In addition and subtraction within 100, two digit addition, subtraction of one digit and integral tens, such as 27 + 6, 27 + 30, are the basis of both written and oral arithmetic. Therefore, this part of the content before the written calculation, only teaching oral calculation; It is more difficult for students to master double-digit plus or minus double-digit, so the first grade first teaches written arithmetic, and the second grade further requires oral arithmetic. In this way, students can not only learn written arithmetic, but also form a strong ability of oral arithmetic
(3) pay attention to the teaching of oral arithmetic. Oral examples should pay attention to the intuitive demonstration and operation to make students understand the calculation theory
(4) teach students oral arithmetic and develop their thinking. In order to improve students' ability of oral arithmetic, we should teach students correct methods of oral arithmetic. The methods are various, and we should guide students to choose the methods that they can easily understand and master. Never guide students to do oral arithmetic with the method of written arithmetic. Two digit addition: 28 + 37. I find that some students think like this: 8 + 7 = 15, indivial digit is 5, ten digit is 2 + 3 + 1 = 6, ten digit is 6. This is completely the idea of written calculation. In fact, you should think like this: 28 + 30 = 58, 58 + 7 = 75. You don't need to have a vertical pattern in your head
practice has proved that strengthening the training of oral arithmetic can not only improve the calculation level of students, but also develop their thinking ability< Fourth, encourage students to use simple algorithms to improve their ability and develop their thinking
simple calculation is a practical and effective method to improve students' calculation speed. Simple calculation often uses certain operation laws, such as addition calculation often uses addition exchange law, addition combination law, and multiplication exchange law, multiplication combination law, multiplication distribution law, etc. in multiplication calculation, some calculations are simplified from complex to easy. The study of simple calculation can not only improve the students' calculation speed, rece the calculation errors, but also help the development of students' thinking. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers should strengthen the teaching of simple methods
in addition, let students remember some common data, which can simplify the calculation process and improve the calculation speed. I remember an ecator said that a person's memory before the age of 13 is the best. He can remember a lot of things at this stage. Although he doesn't know why and how, these things don't affect his memory. The unknown reasons of these knowledge will be solved with the growth of his age and the increase of his knowledge. Therefore, we should pay attention to the development of students' memory, especially before the age of 13. The content of calculation in middle and high grades is extensive, comprehensive and comprehensive. Some common operations are often encountered in real life. These operations have no specific rules of oral arithmetic, and must be solved by strengthening memory training. The main contents of my intensive training are as follows: 1) the square result of each number from 1 to 10 in the natural number; ② A method of oral calculation for the square result of two digit number of 5 on a digit; ③ Some specific calculation results, such as 125 × 8＝1000，25 × 4 = 100, 0.25 =, 0.75 =, 0.125 =, 0.375 =, 0.625 = etc. These special calculation results are frequently used in practice, homework and life. If we master and remember them skillfully, we can transform them into abilities, which play a good role in calculation and proce high efficiency< 5. Pay attention to cultivate the good habit of careful examination and calculation
the teaching of calculation also needs to train students to form the habit of careful examination and examination. Don't just shout "be careful!" to students, To teach methods, strict requirements, form habits, improve the accuracy of calculation
the new curriculum standard points out that we should pay attention to the cultivation of students' habit of inspection. Inspection is a good way, it can make people find their own mistakes in time and correct them in time. In the process of teaching, teachers should pay attention to strengthen the teaching of checking calculation, let students use different methods to test a problem, master the test method, and skillfully use this method to judge the correctness of the answers to similar problems
six relations between addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are often used in checking. The estimation is often based on the variation of proct and quotient. For example: according to the multiplier & gt; 1, proct & gt; Multiplicand (except 0); Multiplier = 1, proct = multiplicand; If the multiplier is less than 1, the proct is less than the multiplicand (except 0), you can judge which of the following questions is greater than the multiplicand, which is less than the multiplicand, and which is equal to the multiplicand: 8 × 、 nine × 、 one × 2、0.9 × 16、5 × 1、3 × 、 × 1 According to divisor > 1, quotient < divisor (except 0); Divisor = 1, quotient = dividend; If the divisor is less than 1, the quotient is greater than the divisor (except 0), it can be judged without calculation ÷ 14、8 ÷ 1 、21 ÷ 、 ÷ 7、2 ÷ 1、0.45 ÷ Is the quotient greater than the divisor, less than the divisor, or equal to the divisor< Sixth, enrich learning activities, be happy with teaching and learning, and stimulate students' interest
the calculation problem is composed of numbers and abstract operation symbols, which makes students easily feel irritable and tired. Therefore, teachers should
6. I've used three of them myself. The difference between bitcoin and ethereal currency of MIEX is the most attractive, while the difference between other digital currencies is almost the same. If it is mainstream digital currency, I will choose MIEX.
7. The reasons are as follows:
1
bitcoin (BTC) is a digital currency with a total amount of 21 million. It has the characteristics of decentralization, globalization and anonymity, just like the Internet. Transferring bitcoin to the other side of the earth is as simple, low-cost and unlimited as sending e-mail. Bitcoin is therefore used in cross-border trade, payment, remittance and other fields. Of course, Ethereum and wikilink have similar functions
as a new thing, it is widely concerned by investors, enterprises and media< Many international companies and large enterprises have begun to test the digital money market, and their prospects are still quite good.
③ investors are influenced by people who already hold bitcoin and are afraid to miss the opportunity to make money
in 2017, the market value of bitcoin has increased several times by the end of the year despite the price fluctuation, which is enough to make the farsighted players make a lot of money. This is enough to make the spectators who have been hesitant but have not made a move particularly envious. In 2018, more people will participate in it
④ some people have lost their keys, So as to rece part of the supply
⑤ large financial institutions such as CME, COBE and Goldman Sachs began to support digital currency
with the rapid development of digital currency, all the institutions that didn't hold high hopes for bitcoin began to support the development of digital currency
with the pressure of national supervision and the supervision of relevant departments on electricity consumption, the cost of mining is becoming higher and higher, and accordingly, bitcoin will also rise with the tide
7. There may be hoarding< Many people have seen the great potential of bitcoin, so it's no surprise to hoard money.
in countries with serious inflation, bitcoin is a safe currency.
influenced by many factors, the legal hand has a separate competent department, which is prone to economic crisis under the influence of many factors, but the digital currency has no separate issuing department, And because of its virtuality, it is hard to be affected by external factors, and its security is higher. Coin purse, as the leader of digital currency purse in the market, advanced encryption technology has become multi-functional, simple and easy to operate. Players can choose and use it as the ideal purse for storing digital currency
9. Due to anonymity, illegal activities will continue to generate demand for special currency
the anonymity of digital currency determines that many illegal organizations will use bitcoin as an important means of transferring property to launder money, because there is no trace
1
bitcoin (BTC) is a digital currency with a total amount of 21 million. It has the characteristics of decentralization, globalization and anonymity, just like the Internet. Transferring bitcoin to the other side of the earth is as simple, low-cost and unlimited as sending e-mail. Bitcoin is therefore used in cross-border trade, payment, remittance and other fields. Of course, Ethereum and wikilink have similar functions
as a new thing, it is widely concerned by investors, enterprises and media< Many international companies and large enterprises have begun to test the digital money market, and their prospects are still quite good.
③ investors are influenced by people who already hold bitcoin and are afraid to miss the opportunity to make money
in 2017, the market value of bitcoin has increased several times by the end of the year despite the price fluctuation, which is enough to make the farsighted players make a lot of money. This is enough to make the spectators who have been hesitant but have not made a move particularly envious. In 2018, more people will participate in it
④ some people have lost their keys, So as to rece part of the supply
⑤ large financial institutions such as CME, COBE and Goldman Sachs began to support digital currency
with the rapid development of digital currency, all the institutions that didn't hold high hopes for bitcoin began to support the development of digital currency
with the pressure of national supervision and the supervision of relevant departments on electricity consumption, the cost of mining is becoming higher and higher, and accordingly, bitcoin will also rise with the tide
7. There may be hoarding< Many people have seen the great potential of bitcoin, so it's no surprise to hoard money.
in countries with serious inflation, bitcoin is a safe currency.
influenced by many factors, the legal hand has a separate competent department, which is prone to economic crisis under the influence of many factors, but the digital currency has no separate issuing department, And because of its virtuality, it is hard to be affected by external factors, and its security is higher. Coin purse, as the leader of digital currency purse in the market, advanced encryption technology has become multi-functional, simple and easy to operate. Players can choose and use it as the ideal purse for storing digital currency
9. Due to anonymity, illegal activities will continue to generate demand for special currency
the anonymity of digital currency determines that many illegal organizations will use bitcoin as an important means of transferring property to launder money, because there is no trace
8. The idea behind Goldman's patent is to build a system that uses digital currency to settle securities transactions. Initially, the patent was applied in December 2015. The content of the patent includes using setlcoin to exchange for digital shares of enterprises such as Google or Microsoft, and using the currency to exchange for other encrypted electronic currencies
9.
According to Steve strongin, global head of investment research at Goldman Sachs Group Inc., the market value of cryptocurrency has evaporated nearly $500 billion in the past month, and the situation is likely to get worse
In a report dated February 5, strongin wrote that most digital currencies are unlikely to exist in their current form and investors should be prepared to lose all their value because they are replaced by a small number of future competitorsalthough he did not give a time frame for the situation, he said that the recent price fluctuations indicate bubbles, and the trend of different currencies to be consistent is unreasonable. p>
on February 6, bitcoin fell below US $6000, reaching the lowest of US $5920, the lowest since mid November
strongin pointed out that the introction of regulated bitcoin futures did not solve these concerns. In addition, he ignored the so-called first generation advantage, saying that few people survived the Internet bubble in the late 90s. p>
he said: "is today's cryptocurrency Amazon or Google, or will it be like many search engines that no longer exist today?" Strongin predicts that most cryptocurrencies may never return to their previous peak levels
strongin is more optimistic about the blockchain technology of digital currency, saying that it can help improve financial books
but even so, he warned that the current technology does not provide the speed needed for market transactions
Robert Shiller, Nobel Laureate in economics, warned on January 23 that bitcoin "may completely collapse and be forgotten. I think that is a very possible result."
According to Schiller, that reminds him of "tulip mania in the Netherlands in the 1640's" and "bitcoin is worthless unless people can reach some consensus on its value."Hot content