Hyperledger digital currency

1. Go full stack + blockchain course:
a total of 22 weeks, divided into five stages,
the first stage is 4 weeks, go language foundation and network concurrency, learning the introctory go language,
the second stage is 4 weeks, go language practical web development, crawler development, cryptography, consensus algorithm, realizing lightweight public chain, learning the website and crawler that can develop golang, Achieve lightweight blockchain
stage 3, 4-week Ethereum source code analysis and smart contract DAPP development, master Ethereum core and smart contract development, as well as blockchain,
stage 4, 4-week super ledger, bitcoin EOS, source code analysis and smart contract practice, master super ledger development, cat bitcoin, bifurcated EOS after learning, As well as DAPP development of smart contract
phase 5, 6-week project practice, five enterprise level projects, and one year of blockchain project experience after learning
from the characteristics of the language itself, go is a very efficient language, which highly supports concurrency. Go language itself pays more attention to distributed system, and concurrency processing is relatively good, such as advertising and search, That kind of high concurrency server
go language advantages:
excellent performance, can be directly compiled into machine code, does not rely on other libraries, go is extremely fast. Its performance is similar to Java or C + +
concurrency is supported at the language level, which is the biggest feature of go. It is born to support concurrency, and go is the concurrency supported in gene, which can make full use of multi-core and make it easy to use concurrency
the built-in runtime supports garbage collection, which is one of the features of dynamic language. Although GC is not perfect at present, it is enough to cope with most of the situations we can encounter, especially GC after go1.1
it's easy to learn. The authors of go language all have the gene of C, so go naturally has the gene of C. There are 25 go keywords, but the expressive ability is very strong. It almost supports most of the features you've seen in other languages: inheritance, overloading, object, etc
rich standard libraries, go has built a large number of libraries, especially the network library, which is also my favorite part< As like as two peas, br / > built-in powerful tools, Go language is built with many tools chain, the best should be gofmt tools, automatic formatting code, make team review become so simple, code format is exactly the same, it is very difficult to think differently.
cross platform compilation and fast compilation. Compared with the sluggish compilation speed of Java and C + +, the fast compilation time of go is a major efficiency advantage
disadvantages of go language:
package management: package management of go language is absolutely not perfect. By default, it has no way to make a specific version of the dependency library, nor can it create replicable builds. In contrast, python, node and Ruby all have better package management systems. However, with the right tools, the package management of go language can also perform well
lack of development framework: go language does not have a major framework, such as Ruby's rails framework, Python's Django framework or PHP's laravel. This is a heated discussion in the go language community, because many people think that we should not start with using frameworks. This is true in many cases, but if you just want to build a simple crud API, it's much easier to use Django / djrf, rails laravel, or Phoenix
exception handling: go language can help developers deal with compilation errors by simply returning errors (or call stack) through functions and expected calling codes. Although this method is effective, it is easy to lose the scope of the error, so it is difficult to provide meaningful error information to users. Error package can solve this problem by allowing us to add context and stack trace to return error
another problem is that we may forget to handle errors. Static analysis tools such as errcheck and megacheck can avoid these errors. Although these solutions are very effective, they may not be the right way.

2.

If you want to participate in the transaction of digital currency, you must understand the digital currency ecosystem

It can be said that digital currency exchange is the most important part of the whole instry. Digital currency exchange provides investors and traders with the capital channel to buy and sell digital currency. At the same time, the trading activities of the exchange determine the price of many digital assets

according to coinmarketcap, the capital flow of digital currency exchanges is huge, with the average daily trading volume of the top five exchanges exceeding US $3 billion

there are hundreds of digital currency exchanges around the world, some of which operate globally in mainstream markets, while some focus on niche markets

for example, AAX is committed to providing services for digital currency traders and institutional investors, integrating the digital currency world with the global economy, and providing unparalleled first-class technical capabilities using the matchmaking engine supported by lseg technology

many substitutes have successfully occupied a certain market share shortly after their launch. What digital currency exchanges have in common is that they together provide the development soil for these alternative currencies

digital currency is no longer limited to bitcoin. Other digital currency assets, such as eth, XRP, BCH, usdt, LTC, EOS, xtz, etc., have a place in the portfolio and diversification strategies of many digital currency dealers

At present, there are many similarities between digital currency trading and foreign exchange trading, because the basic principles, tools, indicators and strategies used in foreign exchange are also applicable to digital currency trading. AAX College's digital currency trading section discusses these topics in depth and extensively

blockchain protocol

blockchain is the underlying technology that makes digital currency possible. There are many kinds of blockchain protocols, and the technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each protocol are slightly different

for example, bitcoin blockchain relies on mining and pow (proof of work) mechanism to process transactions, while another blockchain may use dpos (proof of entrustment) mechanism instead of mining. In addition to bitcoin blockchain, other noteworthy protocols include eth, hyperledger, EOS, XLM, Iost, kin, TRX and stem. Among these blockchain agreements, ETH (Ethereum) is commendable in promoting the rapid innovation of the entire digital currency ecosystem

Ethereum platform was created by vitalik buterin, which indicates that developers can make better use of the resources of the platform by using their own programming language solidity. Ethereum has made blockchain technology all the rage, creating a new world of innovative decentralized applications on the basis of smart contracts and custom tokens. At present, most of the substitutes are based on Ethereum's erc20 standard

the district centered financial movement, or defi for short, is also basically based on the Ethereum blockchain agreement

financial services

for every service in traditional finance, Ethereum based defi applications have corresponding alternative versions for everyone to access. The defi app allows users to create stable currencies, lend money and earn interest, send and receive payments, get loans, trade, take positions in the forecast market, enter the real estate sector, and so on. Smart contracts are the key to making decentralized services possible. Once certain conditions are met, the smart contract will automatically perform the pre agreed activities

at the same time, traditional finance also began to provide new customized services for the field of digital currency. At present, some fund managers provide investors with the option of adding digital currency into their portfolios, the trustee provides security services for investors who invest a lot of money in digital currency, and many analysts in mainstream media (such as Bloomberg) also have a strong interest in digital currency

digital currency hardware

for those who like to build their own security measures, the huge digital currency hardware market can provide professional traders and long-term holders with the tools they need. Trezor and ledger are the most famous hardware wallets. They essentially provide the same value for digital currency traders, that is, a more secure way to store digital currency

of course, digital currencies stored in hardware wallets cannot be traded in the market. Therefore, digital currency traders usually allocate funds between the hardware wallet and the exchange according to a certain ratio according to their own trading style preference

There are so many activities of

data aggregators and blockchain analysis

cross blockchain, which proces a large amount of data, and also spawns the emergence of sub instries, namely data aggregators and blockchain analysis instries. Companies such as coinmarketcap are the preferred source for quick inspection of digital currency and exchange data. They collect statistics on trading volume, liquidity, market value, price trend, circulation and the whole instry, such as the total amount of money, the number of markets, the market value of the instry and the proportion of BTC market value

people who are more interested in blockchain analysis can find the required data in websites like blocktivity. Here, you can view the relevant data of each indivial blockchain agreement, including the number of operations in the last 24 hours, the average number of operations in the last 7 days, the market value and Cui index, that is, the remaining available capacity after the actual usage of the current blockchain agreement. All in all, these websites can provide valuable insights for the blockchain instry

for example, the average number of operations of Ethereum in the past seven days was 667000, with Cui slightly higher than 50%, while the average number of operations of EOS in the same time range was 63 million, with Cui slightly lower than 50%. Technically, the performance of EOS protocol is more powerful than that of Ethereum. However, this can not prevent Ethereum from occupying 70% of the total market value of the most mainstream currencies

digital currency media and conferences

in today's world, almost everyone is the publisher of content. Without we media instry, such a large-scale instry will no longer exist. Digital currency has given birth to a wide range of media patterns, covering news media, KOL and related conferences for currency, public chain and code

digital currency head media include coindesk, cointegration, bitcoin magazine, decrypt, CCN, bitcoinist, newsbtc, etc. Some KOLs are also well-known, sometimes even more popular than the news media

YouTube celebrities, such as datadash, dollar villante, altcoin buzz, Ivan on tech and boxmining, have subscribers from 200K to 300K. In the field of digital currency trading, the top stars of cryptotwitter include venture coinist, cryptocred and cryptodon alt, with 211k, 140k and 120K fans respectively

if you want to have face-to-face communication with companies and people, digital currency and blockchain meetings should not be missed. Every year, there are many conferences around the world for investors, blockchain experts, start-ups, institutional financing, currency or agreement related communities. In 2019 alone, we sponsored and participated in blockchain live in London, the capital summit hosted by coinmarketcap in Singapore and the world mobile conference in Shanghai. We have had exciting meetings with other digital currency companies and major financial institutions, and established contacts with regulators from different jurisdictions

digital currency supervision

with the continuous growth of the market and audience of digital currency instry, in most cases, financial regulators are still developing relevant frameworks to protect investors and consumers. Regulators may take a very different approach, which is a challenge for companies operating across multiple jurisdictions

ring the ICO boom in 2017 and 2018, many projects were launched before the regulatory framework was established, while some projects did not meet the criteria of the jurisdiction and were suspended ring the fund-raising process. All this comes from how to classify digital assets, and the understanding of classification is constantly changing. At present, we divide digital assets into security token and practical token

in the past year, with the proposal of Libra, the promotion of supervision is also increasing. The central bank is also actively exploring the significance of blockchain technology to its policies and economic activities, and constantly publishing reports

the rapid development of digital money ecosystem

these components of digital money ecosystem are growing and developing in an orderly way, contributing to the increasingly sound instry. From the minority interest in 2009 to the active digital asset economy, digital currency has come a long way

However, in order to achieve the development and wide participation of the instry, a strong ecosystem is not enough. We need a better link between digital money and global finance. The better the combination of digital currency and traditional finance, the easier it will be for newcomers to understand the digital currency ecosystem

for every novice, as exchanges, financial services, media and regulators graally adapt to the expectations of mainstream consumers, the digital currency instry will further develop, which may improve investment outcomes

3. This is a purely technical thing. I'm too responsible to know how to solve it. It is suggested to consult professional technical personnel or find the official solution
Puyin is a high-quality Tibetan tea asset, which is stored, identified, evaluated and authorized by three parties. It is a standard digital currency issued through encryption and digitization. Puyin implements it in strict accordance with the concept of "white paper on standard digital currency" as its operation guideline. It is also a digital currency based on blockchain technology.

4. Should the payment system be highly centralized or completely distributed and decentralized? The hyperledger team believes that there should be a balance between the two - power is neither concentrated in one institution nor completely distributed, but reasonably and appropriately divided into several parts
decentralization, a political concept first proposed by the British philosopher John Locke, was used by hyperledger in the distribution of power in the payment system. As shown in the figure below, the first is the "centralized" network of general national and third-party payment systems, the third is the bitcoin type point-to-point "decentralized" network, and the second is the payment protocol system established by hyperledger
hyperledger is an open source platform that allows anyone to issue personal currency. Hyperledger open source payment protocol was first founded by Daniel Feichtinger from Hong Kong. He is the core developer of hyperledger and the inventor of distributed consensus mechanism. Dan o'prey, another member of hyperledger, joined in April as co-founder. Prior to that, o'prey founded a visible cloud computing tool, macdeyun. The company base is in Beijing to help developers use Amazon AWS more easily. It obtained $1.5 million from Sequoia Capital in the early stage. O'prey left his position as CEO three months ago. O'prey joined hyperledger in charge of marketing and business development. Currently, hyperledger's server and client code has been uploaded to GitHub
the proposal of hyperledger payment agreement is largely influenced by ripple. At the end of the Q & a page of the hyperledger website, the team said that hyperledger can be seen as an alternative or supplementary system to ripple
ripple is another promising digital currency after bitcoin. The biggest difference between ripple and bitcoin is that their logic is just the opposite. Bitcoin is first a digital currency, and then a means of payment based on it; Ripple's idea is to make payment easier. First of all, payment. In order to make payment more convenient and currency circulation, ripple created its own virtual currency XRP
in ripple payment network, you can transfer any currency, including US dollar, euro, RMB, Japanese yen or bitcoin, which is easy and fast. The transaction confirmation is completed within a few seconds, and the transaction cost is almost zero. There is no so-called cross-bank and cross-border payment fee
compared with bitcoin, the account book needs six confirmations, 10 minutes each time, and the total confirmation time is nearly one hour. Ripple introces a "consensus" mechanism, which can verify and confirm the transaction in a very short time through the voting of special nodes. Ripple's trade confirmation process can be completed in seconds. Hyperledger is similar to ripple "consensus" mechanism, and the consensus is reached through Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm mechanism
in addition, the ripple client does not need to download the blockchain (recording historical transaction data), it abandons the verified general ledger chain on the ordinary node, and only keeps the latest verified general ledger and a link to the historical general ledger, so the workload of synchronizing and downloading the general ledger is very small
the increasing volume of blockchain has become another big problem of bitcoin. Every time bitcoin wallet is installed, a lot of time is consumed to download data blocks. In the past year, with the increase in the number of transactions, especially the emergence of a large number of small transactions on gambling websites, the volume of block ring chain has doubled to 15GB
at the same time, under the general ledger and consensus mechanism, yingyunsheng ripple also has an absolutely accurate online IOU marking function, which hides a subversive idea that users can issue their own currency. Users can set the name of the IOU and the exchange ratio with us dollars or bitcoin. This is actually "personal currency". Its core is to subvert the currency with government credit as the core, and give users the choice of every trust
long verification time, growing block chain (recording historical transaction data) and increasing unreliable transactions are the problems bitcoin is facing now. These are also the problems hyperledger tries to solve. Hyperledger inherits the advantages of ripple. By introcing a consensus mechanism similar to ripple, it can shorten the verification time, remove the block ring chain, and use the voting mechanism (two-thirds agree) to automatically detect and remove the damaged nodes through transaction requirements
the concept of ripple appeared as early as 2004, and Ryan Fugger launched the first implementation version of ripple. Its goal is to build a decentralized virtual currency system that allows anyone to create their own currency. Money in ripple network is expressed as "debt", and all transactions show the change of account balance
the original intention of ripple project is to establish a distributed P2P clearing network: everyone is their own bank, which can issue and accept loans, and at the same time act as a lending channel (for example, a wants to borrow money from B, but they don't know each other, but they all know C, so C can act as a channel for a and B. C first borrows money from B, and then lends money to a, indirectly realizing that a borrows money from b)
ripple's design idea is based on acquaintance relationship and trust chain. If a person wants to use ripple network for remittance or loan, the premise is that his friends already exist in the network. Otherwise, it is impossible to establish a trust chain between the user and other users, so there are not many ripple users
the problem of limited users in small circles has been solved after the establishment of the new company opencoin. Opencoin has launched a new version of ripple, which introces two measures to solve the problem of isolated small circle: one is to launch ripple currency, XRP, as the base currency of ripple network, which can circulate in the whole network just like bitcoin, without being limited to the circle of acquaintances; The other is the introction of gateway system, which is similar to currency exchange institutions, allowing people to inject legal money into and withdraw from the ripple network, and can act as a bridge between borrowers and borrowers
What are the differences between hyperledger and ripple
according to the statement given by the hyperledger team:
? In concept, ripple focuses on forming a trust chain according to the reputation of the entity, and finding the simplest way to realize the transaction, which can be cross currency. The purpose of hyperledger is to make it easy for private entities to issue money and to have precise control over the amount of money issued< br />? Ripple and hyperledger share the same "consensus" mechanism and attach the same protocol, but the rules of membership and privacy are different< br />? Hyperledger does not issue a currency of its own in the system< At present, ripple's commercial business can be divided into two types:
one is that ripple directly provides remittance technology and underlying protocol to banking financial institutions, which is equivalent to replacing the original high-cost swift technology. Ripple only serves as the technology provider. Users can open the client of China Merchants Bank and choose to remit by swift or ripple in the remittance column, The significance of ripple is to use technological innovation to help banks rece costs
the other is direct consumer oriented business. Users can log in to ripple's website or download an app of ripple wallet, where they can freely make cross-border remittance, charge accounts or exchange between real currency and virtual currency. The network management can be a bank, a third-party payment enterprise, or even an indivial
how to participate in hyperledger? Its consensus pool is divided into four parts: testpool, mainpool, custompool and premierpool< br />? Testpool is open to everyone for free, in which you can publish your personal ledger (currency) or test third-party applications, or even try to attack the payment system and do what you want to do< br />? Mainpool is the basic pool. Each node in the pool requires a unique domain name and SSL certificate. Now it is added to the mailing list and will be notified as soon as hyperledger is released< br />? Custompool allows users to define pools, which can be limited to a country, a university, etc< br />? Premier pool is a commercial pool. There are more strict restrictions and requirements for operating a "consensus" node. Every request for ledger must be audited, and membership subscription fees must be paid. Specific rules need to be communicated with hyperledger team.

5. Here are the reasons why 2017 will be the most critical year for blockchain: the lasting value of bitcoin, the initial tool of blockchain, bitcoin ended 2016 with a high profile, which is a good omen. Shortly after the new year, fortune reported that "after the prosperity of 2016, the price of bitcoin has reached $1000, which has increased by 120% since the beginning of this year, and recently reached the highest point in three years. The reasons, including the devaluation of RMB, the risk of China's currency control and geopolitical instability, have been considered as the key factors for the success of cryptocurrency. Another reason for bitcoin's landmark year is its staying power - the longer it stays, the more familiar it will be, and more like a real store of value. " Whether fair or not, the feasibility of blockchain technology is always closely related to the performance of bitcoin. If the decentralized database can succeed in the financial field, it can also be widely used in other places. According to convention, the healthy development of digital currency has triggered a discussion on how to integrate blockchain into new areas. With healthy bitcoin, blockchain can expand rapidly in other fields. Existing participants, of course, have been around for some time, because the blockchain has been firmly bound to bitcoin. Over the years, many groups have invested a lot of money to apply the technology to a wider range of areas, while adding new features and creating new applications. If 2017 is a great year for blockchain, these existing players must be ready to grow with it. A sign of this trend is the addition of 8 new members to the hyperledger project before the end of 2016. Software company catechnologies, blockchain project factcom foundation, healthcare alliance hashedhealth, Korean koscom, accounting company ledgerdomain, trade ecosystem developer lykee, sovrin foundation and telecom company Swisscom all joined the project. Hyperledger project has entered 2017 with an eye-catching membership list, and plans to introce blockchain feasibility case studies in actual use cases. The sign that new investment in this technology will make progress this year is that companies around the world have laid the foundation for taking advantage of blockchain status. Companies around the world applied for or accepted 356 patent applications related to blockchain or digital currency in November last year, almost double the number in the first month of 2016, according to the report of blog technology. "We have witnessed an exponential growth in the number of patent applications, and we expect to see thousands of blockchain patents in the next five years," Marc Kaufman, a financial technology intellectual property expert at Reed Smith, told blog The company is submitting patents in such a rapid way because the blockchain has finally achieved its goal from Utopia to digital ledger tool. With the increase in the number of patents and the new discovery of the index blockchain, the blockchain will enjoy wider legitimacy in 2017. Only time will tell the development trend of blockchain in 2017, and vice versa. However, it is obvious that the status of blockchain technology can be seen by all, which also proves the expectation of early investors for its potential and may develop new potential in the future. Blockchain has also become a hot topic in the domestic financial sector. All the major domestic financial institutions have tested blockchain projects. China Post and IBM have jointly developed a set of blockchain asset custody system; Puyin group launched the tea based digital currency Puyin.

6. They are all distributed ledgers, with different degrees of application and public ownership

7. Is there a subject? Is the white paper generally based on foundations compliant? What is the nature of lawyer's supporting documents and legal opinions? For non securitization certificate, how much is the budget of currency fee in the legal opinion? It's the most basic thing to decide which exchange you want to go to.
if you don't have it or are reluctant to spend money on it, you'd better give it up. Otherwise, even if it's issued on an unknown exchange, no one will approve it or buy it. It's meaningless.

8. Wanglian technology is one of the first members of hyperledger alliance. It has two global core developers and is the initiator of hyperledger's official blockchain browser fabric explorer

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