Digital currency Wang Yangming

1. All high-end graphics cards have gone up in price
for example, gtx1060 6G 1070 1080 1080ti and 1050ti 4G
amd RX 560 and above all series
RX 470 480 and so on
old high-end graphics cards with video memory larger than 4G have also gone up

2. [how to change from 100000 to 100 million (impressions after reading)] how to change from 100000 to 100 million (impressions after reading)] author: how to change a happy life from 100000 to 100 million (impressions after reading)] three opportunities and 1000 times of income for an investor, it should be very rare to make 1000 times in 15 years, 10000 yuan is 10 million yuan, 100000 yuan is 100 million yuan, it sounds more like a fantasy, How to change from 100000 to 100 million. But if we break down this goal, what if we make 10 times every five years? This is not out of reach I also have a five years ten times, 50W into 500W, realize the dream of financial freedom! In the future, I'm willing to buy half the shop, not to bow down for wudoumi, and then use the other half to become a free investor who has traveled all over the world, the second five-year plan; Five times in five years; OK!) The economy has a cycle, so does the stock market. From the history of China's and global stock markets, every five years is often a big bull bear cycle, ring which 10 times of opportunities are brewing. Not to mention how many stocks rose dozens of times between 2003 and 2007. Even in such a small-scale rebound in 2009, there are also companies with stock prices rising more than 10 times, such as Zhongheng group, Sichuang electronics and gujinggong B. the problem is that many people encounter fish, but they can't eat fish from the head to the tail Seriously agree with reincarnation! Historical experience tells us: market participants are a group of mobs, the crazy group of human nature created the reincarnation of extreme things! Despite the fact, the key to the problem is how you can control the rhythm of cattle and bear conversion, and more importantly, how you can train Bole's brilliant eyes! Maybe the medium and long-term investment manual can help me grasp the transformation of bull and bear, but if I want to have Bole's insight, I still need to work hard, work hard, work hard! Let's start with financial statements.) Charlie Munger said that for a smart investor, even if there are only 20 investment opportunities in his life, he can be as rich as a country. If we earn 1000 times in 15 years, maybe we only need three times. The problem is how to find, identify and grasp such opportunities. I'm afraid it's better than anything to have such a way Are you a suitable person for investment? I have asked myself many times, yes, I am! I am a qualified investor! I will firmly follow my goal! Even if there is hardship, hardship, desolation, coldness and ridicule on the way, I still don't look back. People need some spirit. In order to realize their dreams, it's worth all the efforts!) There must be a depressing cut in ahead of time: for more than 95% of indivial investors, it is impossible to have the technology and art to implement a five-year 10x plan. Customers with asset strength can look for asset managers with such concept and ability; And ordinary investors might as well look for funds with 10 times the opportunity in 10 years (in history, there are many fund closures with 10 times the opportunity in 10 years, and there are also varieties such as Hua'an Manulife, harvest growth and Societe Generale in the base closures). 100 times in 20 years is enough to become rich by investment Words are depressing, but facts are not. Man is the plan, and heaven is the end! As long as you have worked hard enough, you will not regret it in the future! But I have a different point of view. I don't leave the chance to realize my dream at the mercy of others.) But if you are an aspiring young man with 100000 disposable assets at the age of 25, who hopes to retire at the age of 40 with financial freedom and strong self-confidence, come on My younger brother is 30 years old and has 50W disposable assets. I believe in myself. Here I am!) Where does 10 times come from? Let's go on with the arithmetic problem: if we further decompose the 10 times, we can decompose it into 4 times 2.5. What does that mean? Let's take a simple example. A company's stock price is 10 yuan, P / E ratio is 10 times, and performance is 1 yuan; If after five years, the company's P / E ratio becomes 25 times, the performance becomes 4 yuan, and the stock price becomes 100 yuan I was sensitive to numbers since I was a child. I have been a mathematics representative for six years from junior one to senior three, but I am still surprised that the blogger has turned decadence into a magic 10 times dismantling method! In contrast, their own split is obviously a bit formalistic, which is not practical. I split the five-year 10 times growth into an average annual growth of 58.5%. Obviously, I am in a cyclical market. This kind of performance is unsustainable and a bit formalistic. If I insist on using this to measure the annual performance, it is obviously a nuisance. Chairman Yu was also enlightening me that day: don't count the gains and losses of one year, don't go up for three years, and go up for five years! It seems that ginger is still hot for the old, but the young still need to be tempered!) In other words, if in a five-year cycle, we find a company whose net profit increases by 3 times and valuation increases by 1.5 times, we can realize the plan of 10 times in five years. Therefore, the first is to find companies with high profit growth, and the second is to buy when the valuation is low Did I find it? Does 996 count? I'm not sure! The current advantages of 996 lie in: the development space of the instry is wide enough, and the instry is in the initial stage of growth, and it is expected to be restructured and integrated to become bigger and stronger; The current disadvantages are: the company is facing an over competitive market, the gross profit has fallen sharply, the company's competitive barriers are not high, the company's market share is shrinking, and the company's reorganization and integration is uncertain! Both advantages and disadvantages need to be further tracked. I still need to continue to look for the legendary Qianlima. It only requires that the company's net profit keep a compound annual growth of 33% in five years. Many A-share companies can meet this standard. The difficulty lies in the grasp of valuation. Looking at the history of a shares, the overall dynamic P / E ratio can be as high as more than 100 times and as low as less than 20 times, so the buying point is very important A round of cattle bear conversion, I have a deep memory. From 6124 to 1664, he has been active in the battle. Although he has made some achievements, he has formed bear market thinking. From 1664 to 2100, and then to 1800, there is a shock, and the demon has long escaped. He is complacent and thinks that another short is successful. This is the bear market thinking. The implementation of medium-term trading system can help me overcome bear market thinking and grasp relatively good buying points; But in a volatile market, you will slap yourself in the face. Fortunately, the slap is not too heavy to hurt yourself.) And the growth rate of net profit and valuation complement each other. When an enterprise's capital stock is not expanded, its net profit will continue to grow at a high level, and its valuation level will also rise, resulting in a continuous surge of stock price; Davis double click & quot;. As a value investor, we are looking for and holding firmly & quot; Davis double click & quot;, Not the opposite Key] the core of how to find a great enterprise's 5-year 10 times investment plan is to require the enterprise's performance to grow continuously. First of all, from a continuous point of view, it is twice the result with half the effort to find such opportunities in strong cyclical instries, and it is the way to find such opportunities in consumer stocks (Changyu, Yunnan Baiyao, gujinggong and Shanghai Jiahua are all good examples) I've been fighting in the market for more than 2 years. Now I look back at the thoughts of the masters, and I have to admire Dao Zhijian! Sometimes people are strange. They have to feel the pain of the skin to know that the pot is made of iron. Ba Lao has always told us that the best investment target is the daily consumer goods with moat, but I missed Zhangzi Island and Yili, even though I bought them at the historical low; Mr. Lin has always told us that I chose small market, small market and small market, but I also failed to get the final result. In fact, what kind of stock has & quot; Long cattle & quot; What the master has said is too clear!) The above enterprises have the following common characteristics: first, the instry in which the enterprises are located is in a period of rapid growth (for example, the real estate instry 10 years ago, the home appliance chain five years ago and the pharmaceutical instry today) The futures instry is in a period of rapid growth, because the mature futures market, financial futures / commodity futures = 4 / 1, and our futures instry, financial futures, has just started.) Second, sales revenue expanded steadily. With competitive advantages, enterprises have pricing power in the instry, and their share is continuously expanding rather than shrinking (such as Vanke, Suning, etc.) Unfortunately, the core competitive advantage of 996 is not obvious. The former aura can not be transformed into pricing power. It can only follow the excessive competition of the instry and rece the gross profit of procts. The market share is shrinking now.) Third, with the increase of sales, the company's gross profit rate can be maintained and improved; The return on net assets increased steadily. We allow enterprises to circle money, but the return on assets should not decline after the circle, otherwise it will do harm to the old shareholders 996 is still unable to see its core competitiveness, so there is no way to improve the gross profit, and everything needs to be further tracked.) fourth, enterprise managers have entrepreneurship and are sensitive to shareholders' equity (equity incentive and other measures have been implemented). A simple way is to take a look at the company's business objectives in the annual report and the subsequent practice. A great entrepreneur should have enough foresight and executive power, rather than always Jiang's feeling to me is that although he has foresight, his executive power is far from good. He doesn't consider things carefully and hurt the feelings of minority shareholders many times. Fifth, the company's profit model should be stable and easy to understand. Like Mr. Buffett's & quot; Diamond partner & quot; According to Charlie Munger, a company that is not easy to understand is not worth holding. In addition, companies that are easy to understand are more likely to be sought after by later investors and quickly realize the rise of stock price Since 2009, the trend of new energy and new technology enterprises is very hot, but it is not easy to really understand these technologies. (996's profit model is easy to understand, and the future growth is also predictable, but the key is how much? The moon is beautiful, but it's too far away from us all the time!) Sixth, companies should be cheap. It depends on the market value as well as the valuation. The valuation of bank shares is very cheap, but the share price of an enterprise with a market value of 300 billion yuan and a 10 times PE has risen 10 times; Obviously, it's much less likely that the share price of an enterprise with 20 times PE and 3 billion market value will rise 10 times 996's PE is very high, including restructuring expectations, but from the market value point of view, it has advantages. Imagine a leading futures stock with a market value of 20-30 billion. Look, the market value of CITIC has already exceeded 100 billion!) Although it is difficult to choose companies in this way, it may be easier to predict monetary policy, capital movements and institutional behavior. It is also a mode of mutual enlightenment to communicate with some value investors. For indivial investors, we can ask the experts about stocks, but we might as well ask them more or study by ourselves. Do the companies we ask conform to the above six rules Good stocks that can cross the bull bear cycle, less! It's too short! Using the above six standards to measure 996, it is obvious that 996 is not a good stock with thousands of favours at present! Consumption + small market is often the birthplace of a long bull, so I still have to work hard to find the next consumer stock. The former is not easy, but it can be tempered by time; The latter depends on character and talent My understanding is just the opposite: stock selection is art, but trading is technology! Technology can be learned, and then based on the probability of technical standard manual, the implementation of standardized operation, to overcome the weakness of human nature. But stock selection is a kind of vague art, it has uncertainty, it represents your vision and forward-looking) human weakness, let us in the implementation of five years 10 times

3. The so-called priest refers to the master of ceremonies, which is different from astrologers and diviners such as wuzhu. The priestly class in ancient Egypt developed from the group of mages who presided over the ceremony to the public management class
a complete priesthood function should include two parts: ceremony hosting and communication between man and God. Wu Zhu in Shang Dynasty had the ability to communicate with human beings and gods, but it did not have legitimacy, because the person who presided over the regular national prayer activities was the king of Shang. In the Shang Dynasty, the king of Shang was actually a high priest. This is because the Shang ethnic group was formed by blood relatives, and the orthodox golden family ruled the whole ethnic group. Businessmen have a vague concept of heaven, and a more accurate concept of belief is the ghost society corresponding to human society. The dead king is still king, and the dead soldiers are still soldiers. In this way, the ancestor of the king of Shang is the king of the underground, and the king of Shang has the legal right to sacrifice. At the same time of sacrificing his ancestors, he communicates with people and gods. Therefore, the divine power of Shang was in the hands of the king of Shang. King Shang was the high priest of Shang
in the Zhou Dynasty, the patriarchal system was formed, which made the right of sacrifice more reasonable. The right of offering sacrifices is very important. Only the nobles who stand on the important patriarchal position can be qualified. The king of Zhou is the biggest priest, and the princes and the doctors are the priests of his country and his family. This shows that the priestly theocracy in China is attached to the patriarchal monarchy. The nobility had this theocracy
the key to answer the question that there was no priestly class in ancient China is that the nobles of the Shang and Zhou dynasties did not give their theocracy to a group of people as the Egyptian Pharaons did, but personally controlled the right of sacrifice. In ancient Egypt, these people became government administrators. In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the samurai aristocracy decided the state affairs, and their slaves did the specific administrative work. And this system was replaced by the traditional bureaucratic system because of the rise of the literati in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period
therefore, the conclusion is that, whether in China or ancient Egypt, the royal power is not yet in existence, including theocracy. The Egyptian Pharaons allowed a group of people to represent their theocracy, and then extended to the executive power, resulting in the priesthood class. However, the ancient kings of Shang and Zhou Dynasty in China divided the theocracy and executive power completely because of the emergence of the United Nation. Every local aristocrat was a ruler with complete rights, and they directly got the executive power, and there was no need to put forward the more formal theocracy. In this way, there was no process of dividing the theocracy and transferring the administrative power in ancient China, so there was no priestly class. And directly proced the military administrative nobility.

4. Twenty years old, you should read some inspirational books! It is suggested to read the autobiography "life is like a snowball" of Warren Buffett, the stock god. This book tells how Warren Buffett grew from a teenager with only a few hundred dollars to the richest man in the world. There are many thoughts of Warren Buffett in it, which is very suitable for aspiring young people<
China's first youth inspirational novel "the year is like a song" is also good ~
Youth inspirational theme novel - "ice cream blossoms"
Youth inspirational novel "all the way running"
Soviet Literature "the story of Zhuoya and Shura" is both touching and inspirational

if you give me three days of light "content seems not too appropriate, but it still can read My heart has admiration<
one step leads to success
ordinary world by Liu Yong (author: Lu Yao, whose work won the prize of contradiction Literature)! I recommend you to read with "heart"! Especially for the protagonist Sun Shaoping, I believe you will be tearful, but at the same time, you will be greatly enlightened! But, more than 200000 words, in this era of the pursuit of rhythm, see if you can calm down and savor! I like this book very much.

5. If an enterprise is selected, and the score is not qualified
then w = (- 100) + (- 80) + (- 5) = - 185
four of W are calculated in turn, namely - 185, - 50, 0, 60
the other four numbers are that the enterprise is not selected,
it is impossible to evaluate if it is not selected,
for example, it is not selected. And reach excellent level
W = (- 100) + 60 = - 40
and so on

6. It's very simple that Babylon has perished, and the development of ancient Egypt and India has been interrupted for a time... China's development has not been interrupted since ancient times, so China is the only ancient civilization that has survived

7. Historical events

primitive society
about 1.7 million years ago, Yuanmou people lived in Yuanmou area, Yunnan Province
about 800000 years ago, Lantian people lived in Lantian area, Shaanxi Province
about 200000-700000 years ago, Peking people lived in Zhoukoudian area, Beijing
about 18000 years ago, shandingdong people lived in Kaishi clan commune
about 5000-7000 years ago, Hemu Banpo matrilineage Clan commune
about 4000-5000 years ago, the patriarchal clan commune in the middle and late Dawenkou Culture
about 4000 years ago, the legendary period of Emperor Yao, Shun and Yu of the Yellow Emperor
slave society
Xia (about the 21st century BC to the 16th century BC)
about the 21st century BC, Yu's son Qixia Dynasty was established

Shang (about the 16th century BC to the 11th century BC) In the 16th century BC, Shang Dynasty was destroyed by Shang Tang, and Shang Dynasty was established. In the 14th century BC, King Pan Geng of Shang moved his capital to Yin Dynasty, In 771 BC, the conquest of Hourong into Haojing ended in the Western Zhou Dynasty

the spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC)
in 770 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved his capital Luoyi, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began
feudal society
the Warring States period (475-221 BC)
in 356 BC, Shang Yang began to reform
Qin (221-206 BC)
In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty unified the first emperor of Qin Dynasty and established the county system to unify currency, weights and measures, and characters. In 209 BC, Chen Sheng Wu Guang uprising broke out. In 207 BC, the battle of Julu broke out. In 206 BC, Liu Bang invaded Xianyang and Qin died. In 206 BC - 202 BC, the battle between Chu and Han was established, In 138 B.C., Zhang Qian sent two missions to the western regions in 119 B.C., Wang Mang seized the power of the Western Han Dynasty in 8 A.D., the red eyebrow uprising broke out in 1718, the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 A.D.)
the Eastern Han Dynasty was established in 25 A.D., ban Chao went to the western regions in 73 A.D., Cai Lun improved papermaking in 105 A.D., Zhang Jiao led the Huangjin uprising in 184 A.D., and the battle of Guan in 200 A.D, The battle of Chibi in 208
the Three Kingdoms (220-280)
the state of Wei was founded in 220, the state of Shu in 221, the state of Wu in 222, the state of Wei exterminated Shu in 263, the Western Jin Dynasty was founded in 265, and the state of Wei died
the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316)
the Western Jin Dynasty exterminated Wu in 280, the Hun army occupied Chang'an in 316, the Western Jin Dynasty ended, the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was founded in 317, The battle of Feishui in 383
the southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589)
in 420, the Southern Dynasty was established by the Song Dynasty. In 485, the Northern Wei Dynasty implemented the equal field system. In 494, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang
in Sui Dynasty (581-618)
in 581, the Sui Dynasty was established and the Northern Dynasty ended. In 589, the Sui Dynasty unified the southern and Northern Dynasties ended. In 605, the Grand Canal was opened, In 611, the peasant war in the end of Sui Dynasty began, and the peasant uprising in Chang Mountain of Shandong Province
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
in 618, the Tang Dynasty was established, the Sui Dynasty was destroyed, and Zhenguan was ruled from 627 to 649. In the early 7th century, Songzanganbu unified Tubo. In the early 8th century, the regime established by SUMO Molu took Bohai as its name, and in the same period, piluoge, the leader of Nanzhao, merged six imperial edicts into Nanzhao, In the middle of the 8th century, Guli Peiluo unified Huihe, the heyday of Kaiyuan in 713-741, the rebellion of Anshi in 755-763, the implementation of two tax laws in 780, the peasant war at the end of Tang Dynasty in 875-884
the Five Dynasties (907-960)
after 907, Liang was established, and the Five Dynasties began to fall, Yelv abaoji established the Khitan regime in 916
Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)
the Northern Song Dynasty was established in 960, the division of Five Dynasties and ten States ended in 979, the alliance between Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty was established in 1005, the Xixia Dynasty was established by Yuanhao in 1038, movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in the middle of the 11th century, Wang Anshi's reform in 1069, and the Jin Dynasty was established by Wanyan Aguda in 1115, 1125 annuity destroyed Liao Dynasty (1127-1276)
from 1127 annuity destroyed Northern Song Dynasty to Southern Song Dynasty, the war between Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty started in 1140, Genghis Khan established Mongolian regime in 1206, Mongolia destroyed Xixia in 1227, Mongolia destroyed Jin Dynasty in 1234 (1271-1368)
in 1271, hubili determined the name of Yuan Dynasty, and Yuan destroyed Southern Song Dynasty in 1276, In 1351, Liu Futong and others led the red scarf army uprising
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
in 1368, the Ming Dynasty established allied forces to capture Da, and the Yuan Dynasty died. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Ming Great Wall began to be built. In 1405-1433, Zheng he made seven "Voyages" to the West. In 1421, his ancestors moved to Beijing, and capitalism began to sprout in Jiangnan in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, In the middle of the 16th century, Qi Jiguang fought against Japanese pirates in the southeast coast. In 1581, he implemented a whip method. In 1616, Nurhachi established Houjin. In 1628, the peasant war broke out in the late Ming Dynasty. In 1636, Houjin changed its name to Qing Dynasty. In 1644, Li Zicheng established the Dashun regime. The peasant army captured Beijing. Before the Opium War (1644-1840), the Qing army entered the pass, In 1662, Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan, in 1684, the Qing Dynasty set up the Taiwan government, in 1685, in 686, the yakesha self-defense counterattack, in 1689, China and Russia signed the Treaty of nebuchu, in 1696, the battle of zhaomoo, in 1727, the Qing Dynasty set up a minister in Tibet, in the mid-18th century, the Uighur nobleman Dahe Zhuo Xiaohe Zhuo launched a rebellion, and in 1771, the turhute tribe returned to the motherland, Attachment: the song of Chinese historical dynasties: Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, spring and autumn and Warring States period. The Three Kingdoms of Qin, Han and Jin were unified, and the southern and Northern Dynasties were opposite. Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, song, yuan, Ming and Qing emperors rest< The history of 5000 years is not clear in a few words. Our history textbooks for primary and secondary schools are the simplest and the most objective introction to it. Yi Zhongtian's Three Kingdoms is only from the perspective of human nature, which enlightens some modern people, but don't think it is history

8. Human wisdom holds three keys, one for numbers, one for letters and one for notes. Knowledge, thought and fantasy are among them

- Hugo

● people often feel that the preparation stage is a waste of time. Only when the real opportunity comes and they are not able to grasp it, can they realize that they are wasting time when they are not prepared

- Roman Roland

● life is not a pleasure, but a very heavy work

- Leo Tolstoy

● life should be like a candle, burning from the top to the end, always bright<

- Xiao Chunv

● people need truth just as blind people need bright guides

- Gorky

● there are solutions to any problem, and there are no unimaginable things< br />
; —— Edison

● if you want to succeed, you should take persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, care as your brother and hope as your sentry

- Edison

● if it is a rose, it will always bloom< If I see farther than Descartes, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants

- Newton

● only those who are good at using spare time can make greater achievements<

- Hua Luogeng

● few but eager to learn, like the rising sun; Strong and studious, like the light in the sun; Old and studious, as bright as a candle< Life is to seek new knowledge

- Mendeleev
● the person who lives the most meaningfully is not the one who lives the most, but the one who feels the most about life

- Rousseau

● the ideal of life is for the ideal life

- Zhang Wentian

● the more difficult life is, the more I feel stronger and even smarter

- Gorky

● the whole meaning of life lies in the endless exploration of what we don't know, and in the constant increase of more knowledge

- Zola

● the heaviest burden of life is not work, but boredom

- Roman Roland

● the meaning of life lies in giving, in giving, not in receiving, nor in striving

- Ba Jin

● the amount of life is calculated by time, and the value of life is calculated by contribution
- Pei Duofei

● time is like the water in the sponge. As long as you are willing to squeeze, there will always be<

- Lu Xun

● time is a great writer, she can write the future ending

- Chaplin

● time is the most impartial, and it is 24 hours for anyone; Time is also the most selfish. It's not 24 hours for anyone<

- Huxley

● time is the fastest and slowest, the longest and shortest, the most ordinary and precious, the most easily neglected and the most regretful thing in the world

- Gorky

● there are bole, then Qianlima< The more you read without thinking, the more you will feel that you know; And the more you read and think, the clearer you will see that you know very little<

- Voltaire

● books make me a happy person and make my life a relaxed and comfortable poem
- Gorky

● books are the ladder of human progress<

- Gorky

● whoever idles away his youth will fade away, and life will abandon them

- Hugo

● anyone who is no longer curious or surprised will be a walking corpse with blurred eyes

- Einstein

● anyone who plays with life will accomplish nothing; Who can't control himself is always a slave<

- Goethe

● I never thought half an hour was a tiny period of time

- Darwin

● my achievements are e to energetic thinking

- Newton

● my philosophy of life is work. I want to reveal the mysteries of nature and serve mankind with it. In our short lifetime, I don't know what could be better than this kind of service

- Edison

● I have never made an accidental invention in my life. All my inventions are the result of careful consideration and rigorous experimentation

- Edison

● I don't think there's anything sadder than those who only care about a little thing under their nose

- Rutherford

● any valuable knowledge I learn is from self-study

- Darwin

● I like to leave people's path and walk on the thorny mountain road

- roentgen

● I will hold the throat of fate, it will not make me yield

- Beethoven

● I always strive to free my mind

- Darwin
● belief is necessary for people. He who believes nothing will not be happy

- Hugo

● happiness always exists in the pursuit of human uneasiness, not in harmony and stability

- Lu Xun

● luck is not without a lot of fear and worry; Misfortune is not without a lot of comfort and hope

- Bacon

9. China has a long history and is often known as one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. At present, the earliest ancient human site is about 1.7 million years ago. China's history is divided into several stages. Chinese mainland officials generally believe that the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties were a slave society. Qin Dynasty officially entered the feudal society until the Qing Dynasty was destroyed, followed by the beginning of the democratic period, and the regions outside the mainland divided the concept of "Feudalism" and the social nature of Qin to Qing. Since Qin Shihuang unified China 221 years ago, China is basically a centralized imperial country. After the Qin Dynasty, the development of Chinese history was greatly influenced by Confucianism, Legalism and Taoism, and the influence of Buddhism in China was also great, but not as much as that of Christianity in the West. The political policy of Chinese dynasties was most deeply influenced by Confucianism. Chinese characters also make people in different regions more closely connected. This kind of character has the characteristics that it is not easy to change the font. Although the pronunciation in different parts of China is different, the understanding of this kind of character is the same. Therefore, Chinese characters have become a powerful tool for the unification of China, and it was first Qin Shihuang who ordered the unification of Chinese characters
Yuanmou is the earliest human being in ancient China, about 1.7 million years ago. The famous Peking man is about 450000 years old. These are the earliest known traces of hominids<

all kinds of Chinese prehistoric cultures went through the following stages:

Chinese ape man period early Paleolithic age, about 500000-400000 years ago
Hetao period Middle Paleolithic age, about 200000-100000 years ago
peak cave man period late Paleolithic age, About 100000-20000 years ago,
painted pottery culture period (Yangshao culture period) - late Neolithic period, about 2500-1300 BC,
black pottery culture period (Longshan culture period) - late Neolithic period,
matriarchal clan society was formed in the painted pottery culture period of 40000-50000 years ago in China, with the central area distributed in the middle of Shaanxi Province The western part of Henan Province and the southern part of Shanxi Province are dominated by primitive agriculture

Banpo settlement and Hemu settlement are the representatives of this period. In the period of black pottery culture, patriarchal clan society was graally formed, agriculture and animal husbandry were greatly developed, and the craft level of pottery making, copper smelting and other handicraft instries was graally improved. Dawenkou Culture is the representative of this period. During this period, the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River basin graally became the center of civilization

China is one of the cradles of early human civilization in the world. It is one of the earliest places in the world to use fire, invent bows and arrows and pottery, develop agriculture and animal husbandry, observe astronomy and create medicine. And at this time also began to use silk<

[editor]
myths and legends
main entry: the Yellow Emperor painted by later generations

in Chinese mythology, there are three emperors and five emperors in China at the earliest time, and there are many arguments about the three emperors, such as Fuxi, Shennong, Suiren, and the five emperors. The most common sayings are Huangdi, Zhuanxu, DIHE, Yao and shun. In ancient times, there were three largest tribes in China: Huaxia tribe, lianghao tribe and Sanmiao tribe. It is said that Chiyou was the last leader of lianghao tribe. He was defeated by Emperor Yanhuang of Huaxia tribe in the battle of Zhuolu. In the period of Yao and Shun, the Huaxia tribe carried out several large-scale expeditions against Sanmiao, which was far away from the south, Later, Zhuan Xu and xuansun DIHE, the grandsons of the Yellow Emperor, continued to be the leaders of the tribal alliance. Yao, the son of DIHE, succeeded to the throne. He was a virtuous monarch. He founded the abdication system and passed the throne to shun. In the period of Shun, when the flood was overflowing, he used the method of blocking. As a result, the flood became more serious, and he was executed. His son Yu successfully controlled the flood by using the method of dredging, so he was elected as the leader. However, his son Qi broke the way of abdication and became king himself (according to Hong Kong middle school textbooks, Qi was elected as the leader). He established the first dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, which lasted for more than 400 years. At the end of Jie, the last king of the Xia Dynasty, Cheng Tang, the leader of the eastern Shang nationality, seized power and established the Shang Dynasty<

[editor]
pre Qin period
[editor]
three dynasties
main entry: Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty

the earliest Dynasty of Oracle Bone inscriptions was Xia Dynasty from the 21st century to the 16th century. Since there is no textual cultural relic to prove this period of history, we can only rely on the records of later generations and the unearthed cultural relics, Some scholars believe that the Erlitou site in Henan may be the remains of the Xia Dynasty, but some scholars have doubts about it. According to written records, Xia Dynasty had the earliest Chinese calendar, Xia Xiaozheng. However, the later Shang Dynasty is the earliest cultural relic with characters, which existed from the 16th century to 1046 BC. It is said that Jie, the last monarch of Xia Dynasty, was overthrown by Tang for his immorality. In the Shang Dynasty, civilization was already very developed, with calendars, bronzes and mature characters, such as oracle bone inscriptions. In the Shang Dynasty, there was a complete state organization, and it had the scale of slave owner Dynasty. At that time, the main proction department was agriculture, but the handicraft instry, especially the smelting and casting level of bronze ware, was already very high. And the original porcelain has appeared. Since Pangeng, the capital of Shang Dynasty was established in Yin (now Anyang, Henan Province), so it is also called Yin Dynasty. The system of succession to the throne in Shang Dynasty was to pass on sons or younger brothers, mostly according to age< At the same time, Zhou, another tribe in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, was graally rising. In 1046 BC, King Wu of Zhou conquered Zhou and won a decisive victory in the battle of Muye, and the Shang Dynasty perished. The Zhou Dynasty was officially established, with the capital of Haojing (now near Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in the Weihe River Basin. After that, the influence of Zhou Dynasty graally penetrated into the lower Yellow River and Huaihe River. The Zhou Dynasty was still ruled by slave owners and aristocrats, with many aristocratic vassals. At its peak, the influence of the Zhou Dynasty had crossed the Yangtze River in the south, Liaoning in the northeast, Gansu in the West and Shandong in the East. In the Zhou Dynasty, the patriarchal clan system had been established and the political power was relatively perfect. The earliest historical event with definite time in China was the Chinese uprising in 841 BC in the Western Zhou Dynasty<

[editor]
spring and Autumn period and Warring States period
main entry: Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Zhou Dynasty, spring and Autumn period and Warring States period (China)

the statue of Confucius as a teacher was painted by Tang Dynasty painter Wu Daozi. 770 years ago, e to the invasion of nomadic tribes, King Ping of Zhou moved eastward to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province) in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which began in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,. Since then, the influence of the Zhou Dynasty graally weakened, replaced by more than 100 small states (vassal states), which is known as the spring and Autumn Period in history. During the spring and Autumn period, there were more than ten great powers, including Jin, Qin, Zheng, Qi and Chu. During this period of social unrest, wars continued, there were five countries hegemony, collectively known as the spring and autumn five hegemony. By about 546 BC, the struggle for hegemony in the Yellow River Basin was basically over, and Jin and Chu shared the hegemony equally. In 403 B.C., Jin was divided into Han, Zhao and Wei kingdoms. In addition, Qi, Qin, Chu and Yan, who were taken over by Tian's family, were also known as the seven heroes of the Warring States period. Most Marxist historians classified the Warring States period as feudal society, but most Western and Taiwan scholars classified it as the collapse of feudal society. After the reform of Shang Yang in 356 BC, the national strength of Qin was greatly enhanced, and finally the other six countries were eliminated in 221 BC. Chinese history has entered a new era

ring the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, academic thought was relatively free, which was known as the contention of a hundred schools of thought in history. There were many thinkers who had a profound influence on China, such as Confucius, Laozi, Mozi, Zhuangzi, Mencius, Xunzi and Han Fei. There are many academic schools, and there are ten famous ones, namely, Confucianism (Ethics), Taoism (nature), Yin Yang School (Astrology), Legalism (rule of law), famous school (Rhetoric debate), Mohism (Science and Technology), public, miscellaneous, farmer (Agriculture), novelist (novel), etc. Culturally, Qu Yuan, the first poet in the history of Chinese literature, appeared in his own name, and Confucius compiled the book of songs. In the history of war, Sun Wu and Sun Bin were outstanding strategists. Mozi appeared in the history of science and technology, and Luban invented tile for the first time in the history of architecture, which laid the foundation of Chinese architectural technology. At the same time, China's metallurgy was also very developed, and it could make excellent ironware. Various irrigation machines appeared in agriculture, which greatly improved proctivity and laid the foundation for the future population expansion. In history, spring and Autumn period (Zuozhuan), national language and Warring States policy appeared. The source of Chinese culture can be found in this period

great progress has also been made in science and technology ring this period. The Xia Dynasty invented the Gan chronology and the decimal system appeared. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, people used guibiao to measure the shadow of the sun to determine the season; In the spring and Autumn period, twenty-eight hostels were established; In the later period, the ancient quarter calendar came into being<

[editor]
Qin and Han Dynasties

Beijing Badaling Great Wall main entry: Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, new dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty

after Qin destroyed the other six countries 221 years ago, it unified the main part of China and became the first unified empire in Chinese history, with Xianyang (now near Xi'an). Because Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, thought that he was "superior to the three emperors and virtuous to the Five Emperors", he changed his title to Emperor. He was called the first emperor of Qin, and the emperor after he passed on the throne was called the second emperor of Qin. He carried out many reforms to the country, including the establishment of county system, which replaced the feudal system of Zhou Dynasty; It unifies the characters to facilitate the official writing; Unified weights and measures, convenient for engineering calculation. Qin Shihuang also made great efforts to build roads, and connected the northern besieged cities of Zhao, Yan and Qin ring the Warring States period, and built the famous Great Wall to resist the invasion of the northern nomads such as Xiongnu and Donghu. The first emperor of Qin respected the rule of law and took Li Si, a legalist, as prime minister. Following his advice, he ordered the burning of books and the burying of scholars (some scholars dispute whether this behavior really exists), seized weapons from all over the world, and forced 700000 people to build a Fang Palace and their own mausoleum, including terracotta warriors and horses. Some historians have doubts about the above events. They think that because a series of radical reforms of Qin Shihuang offended the nobility, the common people could not adapt to it, so they left this in the history books

in 210 years ago, the first emperor of Qin died on his way out, and Hu Hai (the second emperor of Qin) ascended the throne. However, ten months later, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up in daze Township, including the six countries' bequeathed ministers and other careerists. In 206 B.C., Liu Bang besieged Xianyang, Prince Qin Ying was bound out of the city to surrender, and Qin died. Since then, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu launched the Chu Han war for the world. In December 202 BC, Xiang Yu was besieged by the Han Army in cuanxia (now Lingbi, Anhui Province), besieged on all sides. Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang River. The dispute between Chu and Han came to an end. Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, ascended the throne and established the capital of Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), which began in the Western Han Dynasty. By the time of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty reached its peak. And with Rome, rest (Parthia), kusana and known as the four empires. Emperor Wu carried out the order of giving favor, which weakened the power of feudalism, strengthened the supervision system and realized centralization of power; He succeeded in defeating the Huns and controlling the West