Ways of money laundering with digital currency
Publish: 2021-04-21 17:44:47
1. The transaction form of digital currency is only online transaction.
2. IC2 ore washing machine can wash out stone powder, pure ore powder and a small amount of metal powder by adding water and drawing ore powder. In other words, it is used to increase mineral proction, but the efficiency is not high
3. Money laundering is a literal translation of "money laundering", which originally means to clean up dirty money. However, the meaning of money laundering is not what it used to be, and the expressions are various. According to some scholars in China, money laundering refers to the behavior that criminals transfer, exchange, purchase financial instruments or make direct investment of illegally obtained money through banks or other financial institutions, so as to rece and conceal their illegal sources and nature, and legalize illegal assets
"money laundering" refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, including the income generated by drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes
money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form
in addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets< In the 1920s, a Mafia financial expert in Chicago bought a coin operated washing machine and opened a laundry. When he calculates the laundry income of the day every night, he adds other illegal gains into it, and then reports to the tax department. In this way, after decting the tax payable, the remaining money illegally obtained becomes his legal income. This is the origin of the word "money laundering"
money laundering refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, which includes the income from drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes. Money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form. In addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets
in recent years, a new type of money laundering, namely corruption, has emerged. Money laundering by public officials is becoming more and more frequent in the world. They put on the coat of legal income to their black money of corruption and bribery through various channels. After that, we can not only squander and enjoy these illegal gains openly, but also invest and re add value. Its development speed has surpassed the traditional money laundering. This new phenomenon of money laundering is becoming more and more serious in China
there are several ways of money laundering with "Chinese characteristics": first, to make money first and then to launder money, that is, after a large number of corruption and bribery, public officials resign to run companies or speculate in stocks, and use their new identity to explain their abnormal wealth; Second, money laundering while making money, that is to say, "one family, two systems", in which one makes use of one's power to make money on stage, while one's relatives cover up the source of black money by "going to sea"; The third is to make money with money laundering, that is, government officials or state-owned enterprise managers set up private enterprises and agent enterprises (the enterprises are ostensibly owned by others, but the power is controlled by themselves). They can not only transfer the black money to the accounts of these enterprises through economic exchanges, but also make another profit through normal tax business
another category is transnational money laundering, that is, taking advantage of the increasingly close relationship between domestic and foreign markets to try to transfer the black money, or collect the stolen money abroad and launder it. Although the international money laundering activities of domestic corrupt elements have not yet formed a scale, they have occupied an increasing proportion in international money laundering. Some leading cadres have begun to lay a foundation abroad and get their children and funds out. Now there is a kind of "aristocracy of studying abroad" among Chinese students abroad. Most of them are not the children of the "big money" in China, but as soon as they arrive overseas, they have a large amount of income in their bank accounts. When the middle class in developed countries still have to pay by installments to buy houses, these students have already bought houses in the local rich areas, and paid off hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars in a lump sum
transfer of illegal income. Such as the funds obtained from corruption, bribery and rent-seeking, the embezzled state-owned assets, and the huge wealth obtained from smuggling, smuggling, fraud and tax evasion. Because our country is in the period of system transition, the incentive, restraint and internal monitoring mechanism of state-owned and collective enterprises is not perfect, and the domestic parent company transfers assets and profits to overseas subsidiaries or foreign investors in various ways, so that a few people get greater control of public assets abroad, or directly turn the public into private
there are three ways to launder money: the first is to sign a contract with foreign countries to buy goods and remit money. At this time, we usually have to cooperate with each other at home and abroad to make fake documents; The second is to remit money through underground banks; The third is diversification. At present, most of the money smuggled and saved in Chaoshan area is laundered through underground banks. "There are two reasons. First, the cost of laundering money through underground banks is very low. Take Hong Kong dollar as an example. If the exchange rate of banks is 0.8, the exchange rate of underground banks is basically only 1.10. Second, there are many overseas Chinese in Chaoshan area, and the black money often flows back overseas in the form of gifts from relatives and friends. "< In fact, it has become an open secret for underground banks to launder money for smuggling criminals, not only in Chaoshan area, but also in Fujian and Zhejiang. Relevant materials show that in Xiamen Yuanhua smuggling case, Lai Changxing's income flowed into foreign countries through underground banks. From 1996 to 1998, Yuanhua's smuggling income of 12 billion yuan was escorted by the financial director Zhuang Jianqun to an underground bank in Guangzhou, which was in the house of a pseudonym "Huanghe", and then "Huanghe" informed the Hong Kong partners to pay foreign exchange to Yuanhua's organization in Hong Kong. It is estimated that the amount of money "laundered" through underground banks in China is as high as 200 billion a year
money laundering techniques upgrade. The criminal term of "money laundering" is called "Da Shu": when a domestic "customer" wants to exchange a large amount of RMB cash or money orders for Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to withdraw in Hong Kong, they will directly hand over the RMB cash and money orders to underground banks or deposit them in their designated accounts, The underground bank calculates the amount of Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to be paid according to the black market price of foreign exchange on that day and informs its partners in Hong Kong. The partners in Hong Kong will pay foreign exchange from their bank account in Hong Kong to the account designated by the customer. And vice versa
when the domestic income of RMB greatly exceeds the expenditure, the underground banks will exchange foreign exchange to the Hong Kong partners through "specialized households", whose foreign exchange source is mainly obtained by fraud with fake import contracts and customs declaration forms. However, this method has obviously lagged behind. Now the underground banks in Chaoshan usually have their own companies. They can balance their income and expenditure by repeatedly checking business with overseas companies. A batch of watches have been turned 27 times between Shantou and Hong Kong, and 10000 watches have become 270000
when there is demand, there is a market. A few years ago, Shantou underground bank "collaborated with tax fraudsters" is an obvious example. Underground banks in the crazy tax fraud cases have been rapid expansion and development. In the process of money laundering for tax fraudsters one after another, the clerks of a bank even spread all over Chaoshan towns
Huang Wenlong, the first group of tax fraudsters in Shantou who were sentenced to death, personally described his "facaijing" practice of defrauding export tax rebates: "first, I set up Daxing company to obtain the import and export rights, and then set up eight supply enterprises to issue false VAT invoices. I found another person named Xu Qiaoli to buy the customs declaration form, then let Chen Qincheng, a fellow townsman living in Hong Kong, remit foreign exchange, and finally prepay part of the tax to the tax authorities to obtain a "special tax receipt". After that, I can get the export tax rebate. After obtaining the tax refund, they will buy foreign exchange through underground banks and pay Chen Qincheng for the next "export collection" to start another cycle. " In this way, Huang Wenlong defrauded more than 21 million yuan of export tax refund in one year
it is understood that more than 100 criminal gangs engaged in defrauding export tax rebates in Chaoyang and Puning, from 1999 to June 2000 alone, falsely issued VAT invoices of 32.3 billion yuan and were suspected of tax fraud of nearly 4.2 billion yuan. It can be imagined how much help underground banks have helped
according to the information about the Hong Kong ICAC's cracking of the "money laundering" case, the "money laundering" group tried to bribe a senior manager of Baosheng bank's Tsim Sha Tsui branch to deal with all the money in the form of general transfer rather than exchange in order to avoid the amount of money converted in the bank being regulated by the laws of Hong Kong. With the assistance of the manager, the "black money" was transferred to different bank accounts and then transferred to relevant bank accounts in Hong Kong and overseas
the Bank of China group, which belongs to Baosheng bank, found that there was someone suspected of corruption within the bank and took the initiative to report to the ICAC. In its investigation, the ICAC found that Lai Changxing, the principal criminal of Yuanhua smuggling case, is one of its main customers. In addition, some Hong Kong businessmen investing in the mainland also use this criminal group to "launder money" and realize capital flight. It is reported that the group has been in operation for at least five years, and the daily cash flow with Guangdong, Fujian and other places is as high as 50 million yuan
but obviously, this is just the tip of the iceberg. It is estimated that the amount of money laundered through underground banks in China is at least 200 billion yuan per year, of which the amount of money laundered from smuggling is about 70 billion yuan, the amount of money laundered from official corruption is more than 30 billion yuan, and the rest is money laundered from legitimate income. To put it bluntly, foreign-funded enterprises transfer their legitimate income abroad through underground banks in order to evade state supervision and taxation
according to the internationally accepted calculation method, capital flight is the difference between China's trade surplus plus net capital inflow and the increase of China's total foreign exchange reserves. It is reported that this "error and omission" in China's balance of payments statistics is US $120 billion every year, which has accumulated for many years, and the amount has exceeded 100 billion. Some economists estimate that since "errors and Omissions" are only the part counted by the government, more capital outflows are not recorded, so this figure may be more alarming.
"money laundering" refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, including the income generated by drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes
money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form
in addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets< In the 1920s, a Mafia financial expert in Chicago bought a coin operated washing machine and opened a laundry. When he calculates the laundry income of the day every night, he adds other illegal gains into it, and then reports to the tax department. In this way, after decting the tax payable, the remaining money illegally obtained becomes his legal income. This is the origin of the word "money laundering"
money laundering refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, which includes the income from drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes. Money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form. In addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets
in recent years, a new type of money laundering, namely corruption, has emerged. Money laundering by public officials is becoming more and more frequent in the world. They put on the coat of legal income to their black money of corruption and bribery through various channels. After that, we can not only squander and enjoy these illegal gains openly, but also invest and re add value. Its development speed has surpassed the traditional money laundering. This new phenomenon of money laundering is becoming more and more serious in China
there are several ways of money laundering with "Chinese characteristics": first, to make money first and then to launder money, that is, after a large number of corruption and bribery, public officials resign to run companies or speculate in stocks, and use their new identity to explain their abnormal wealth; Second, money laundering while making money, that is to say, "one family, two systems", in which one makes use of one's power to make money on stage, while one's relatives cover up the source of black money by "going to sea"; The third is to make money with money laundering, that is, government officials or state-owned enterprise managers set up private enterprises and agent enterprises (the enterprises are ostensibly owned by others, but the power is controlled by themselves). They can not only transfer the black money to the accounts of these enterprises through economic exchanges, but also make another profit through normal tax business
another category is transnational money laundering, that is, taking advantage of the increasingly close relationship between domestic and foreign markets to try to transfer the black money, or collect the stolen money abroad and launder it. Although the international money laundering activities of domestic corrupt elements have not yet formed a scale, they have occupied an increasing proportion in international money laundering. Some leading cadres have begun to lay a foundation abroad and get their children and funds out. Now there is a kind of "aristocracy of studying abroad" among Chinese students abroad. Most of them are not the children of the "big money" in China, but as soon as they arrive overseas, they have a large amount of income in their bank accounts. When the middle class in developed countries still have to pay by installments to buy houses, these students have already bought houses in the local rich areas, and paid off hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars in a lump sum
transfer of illegal income. Such as the funds obtained from corruption, bribery and rent-seeking, the embezzled state-owned assets, and the huge wealth obtained from smuggling, smuggling, fraud and tax evasion. Because our country is in the period of system transition, the incentive, restraint and internal monitoring mechanism of state-owned and collective enterprises is not perfect, and the domestic parent company transfers assets and profits to overseas subsidiaries or foreign investors in various ways, so that a few people get greater control of public assets abroad, or directly turn the public into private
there are three ways to launder money: the first is to sign a contract with foreign countries to buy goods and remit money. At this time, we usually have to cooperate with each other at home and abroad to make fake documents; The second is to remit money through underground banks; The third is diversification. At present, most of the money smuggled and saved in Chaoshan area is laundered through underground banks. "There are two reasons. First, the cost of laundering money through underground banks is very low. Take Hong Kong dollar as an example. If the exchange rate of banks is 0.8, the exchange rate of underground banks is basically only 1.10. Second, there are many overseas Chinese in Chaoshan area, and the black money often flows back overseas in the form of gifts from relatives and friends. "< In fact, it has become an open secret for underground banks to launder money for smuggling criminals, not only in Chaoshan area, but also in Fujian and Zhejiang. Relevant materials show that in Xiamen Yuanhua smuggling case, Lai Changxing's income flowed into foreign countries through underground banks. From 1996 to 1998, Yuanhua's smuggling income of 12 billion yuan was escorted by the financial director Zhuang Jianqun to an underground bank in Guangzhou, which was in the house of a pseudonym "Huanghe", and then "Huanghe" informed the Hong Kong partners to pay foreign exchange to Yuanhua's organization in Hong Kong. It is estimated that the amount of money "laundered" through underground banks in China is as high as 200 billion a year
money laundering techniques upgrade. The criminal term of "money laundering" is called "Da Shu": when a domestic "customer" wants to exchange a large amount of RMB cash or money orders for Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to withdraw in Hong Kong, they will directly hand over the RMB cash and money orders to underground banks or deposit them in their designated accounts, The underground bank calculates the amount of Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to be paid according to the black market price of foreign exchange on that day and informs its partners in Hong Kong. The partners in Hong Kong will pay foreign exchange from their bank account in Hong Kong to the account designated by the customer. And vice versa
when the domestic income of RMB greatly exceeds the expenditure, the underground banks will exchange foreign exchange to the Hong Kong partners through "specialized households", whose foreign exchange source is mainly obtained by fraud with fake import contracts and customs declaration forms. However, this method has obviously lagged behind. Now the underground banks in Chaoshan usually have their own companies. They can balance their income and expenditure by repeatedly checking business with overseas companies. A batch of watches have been turned 27 times between Shantou and Hong Kong, and 10000 watches have become 270000
when there is demand, there is a market. A few years ago, Shantou underground bank "collaborated with tax fraudsters" is an obvious example. Underground banks in the crazy tax fraud cases have been rapid expansion and development. In the process of money laundering for tax fraudsters one after another, the clerks of a bank even spread all over Chaoshan towns
Huang Wenlong, the first group of tax fraudsters in Shantou who were sentenced to death, personally described his "facaijing" practice of defrauding export tax rebates: "first, I set up Daxing company to obtain the import and export rights, and then set up eight supply enterprises to issue false VAT invoices. I found another person named Xu Qiaoli to buy the customs declaration form, then let Chen Qincheng, a fellow townsman living in Hong Kong, remit foreign exchange, and finally prepay part of the tax to the tax authorities to obtain a "special tax receipt". After that, I can get the export tax rebate. After obtaining the tax refund, they will buy foreign exchange through underground banks and pay Chen Qincheng for the next "export collection" to start another cycle. " In this way, Huang Wenlong defrauded more than 21 million yuan of export tax refund in one year
it is understood that more than 100 criminal gangs engaged in defrauding export tax rebates in Chaoyang and Puning, from 1999 to June 2000 alone, falsely issued VAT invoices of 32.3 billion yuan and were suspected of tax fraud of nearly 4.2 billion yuan. It can be imagined how much help underground banks have helped
according to the information about the Hong Kong ICAC's cracking of the "money laundering" case, the "money laundering" group tried to bribe a senior manager of Baosheng bank's Tsim Sha Tsui branch to deal with all the money in the form of general transfer rather than exchange in order to avoid the amount of money converted in the bank being regulated by the laws of Hong Kong. With the assistance of the manager, the "black money" was transferred to different bank accounts and then transferred to relevant bank accounts in Hong Kong and overseas
the Bank of China group, which belongs to Baosheng bank, found that there was someone suspected of corruption within the bank and took the initiative to report to the ICAC. In its investigation, the ICAC found that Lai Changxing, the principal criminal of Yuanhua smuggling case, is one of its main customers. In addition, some Hong Kong businessmen investing in the mainland also use this criminal group to "launder money" and realize capital flight. It is reported that the group has been in operation for at least five years, and the daily cash flow with Guangdong, Fujian and other places is as high as 50 million yuan
but obviously, this is just the tip of the iceberg. It is estimated that the amount of money laundered through underground banks in China is at least 200 billion yuan per year, of which the amount of money laundered from smuggling is about 70 billion yuan, the amount of money laundered from official corruption is more than 30 billion yuan, and the rest is money laundered from legitimate income. To put it bluntly, foreign-funded enterprises transfer their legitimate income abroad through underground banks in order to evade state supervision and taxation
according to the internationally accepted calculation method, capital flight is the difference between China's trade surplus plus net capital inflow and the increase of China's total foreign exchange reserves. It is reported that this "error and omission" in China's balance of payments statistics is US $120 billion every year, which has accumulated for many years, and the amount has exceeded 100 billion. Some economists estimate that since "errors and Omissions" are only the part counted by the government, more capital outflows are not recorded, so this figure may be more alarming.
4. Money laundering is a literal translation of "money laundering", which originally means to clean up dirty money. However, the meaning of money laundering is not what it used to be, and the expressions are various. According to some scholars in China, money laundering refers to the behavior that criminals transfer, exchange, purchase financial instruments or make direct investment of illegally obtained money through banks or other financial institutions, so as to rece and conceal their illegal sources and nature, and legalize illegal assets
"money laundering" refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, including the income generated by drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes
money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form
in addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets.
"money laundering" refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, including the income generated by drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes
money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form
in addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets.
5. Money laundering is a literal translation of money laundering, which originally means to clean up dirty money. However, the meaning of money laundering is not what it used to be, and the expressions are various. According to some scholars in China, money laundering refers to the behavior that criminals transfer, exchange, purchase financial instruments or make direct investment of illegally obtained money through banks or other financial institutions, so as to rece and conceal their illegal sources and nature, and legalize illegal assets
"money laundering" refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, including the income generated by drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes
money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form
in addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets< In the 1920s, a Mafia financial expert in Chicago bought a coin operated washing machine and opened a laundry. When he calculates the laundry income of the day every night, he adds other illegal gains into it, and then reports to the tax department. In this way, after decting the tax payable, the remaining money illegally obtained becomes his legal income. This is the origin of the word "money laundering"
money laundering refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, which includes the income from drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes. Money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form. In addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets
in recent years, a new type of money laundering, namely corruption, has emerged. Money laundering by public officials is becoming more and more frequent in the world. They put on the coat of legal income to their black money of corruption and bribery through various channels. After that, we can not only squander and enjoy these illegal gains openly, but also invest and re add value. Its development speed has surpassed the traditional money laundering. This new phenomenon of money laundering is becoming more and more serious in China
there are several ways of money laundering with "Chinese characteristics": first, to make money first and then to launder money, that is, after a large number of corruption and bribery, public officials resign to run companies or speculate in stocks, and use their new identity to explain their abnormal wealth; Second, money laundering while making money, that is to say, "one family, two systems", in which one makes use of one's power to make money on stage, while one's relatives cover up the source of black money by "going to sea"; The third is to make money with money laundering, that is, government officials or state-owned enterprise managers set up private enterprises and agent enterprises (the enterprises are ostensibly owned by others, but the power is controlled by themselves). They can not only transfer the black money to the accounts of these enterprises through economic exchanges, but also make another profit through normal tax business
another category is transnational money laundering, that is, taking advantage of the increasingly close relationship between domestic and foreign markets to try to transfer the black money, or collect the stolen money abroad and launder it. Although the international money laundering activities of domestic corrupt elements have not yet formed a scale, they have occupied an increasing proportion in international money laundering. Some leading cadres have begun to lay a foundation abroad and get their children and funds out. Now there is a kind of "aristocracy of studying abroad" among Chinese students abroad. Most of them are not the children of the "big money" in China, but as soon as they arrive overseas, they have a large amount of income in their bank accounts. When the middle class in developed countries still have to pay by installments to buy houses, these students have already bought houses in the local rich areas, and paid off hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars in a lump sum
transfer of illegal income. Such as the funds obtained from corruption, bribery and rent-seeking, the embezzled state-owned assets, and the huge wealth obtained from smuggling, smuggling, fraud and tax evasion. Because our country is in the period of system transition, the incentive, restraint and internal monitoring mechanism of state-owned and collective enterprises is not perfect, and the domestic parent company transfers assets and profits to overseas subsidiaries or foreign investors in various ways, so that a few people get greater control of public assets abroad, or directly turn the public into private
there are three ways to launder money: the first is to sign a contract with foreign countries to buy goods and remit money. At this time, we usually have to cooperate with each other at home and abroad to make fake documents; The second is to remit money through underground banks; The third is diversification. At present, most of the money smuggled and saved in Chaoshan area is laundered through underground banks. "There are two reasons. First, the cost of laundering money through underground banks is very low. Take Hong Kong dollar as an example. If the exchange rate of banks is 0.8, the exchange rate of underground banks is basically only 1.10. Second, there are many overseas Chinese in Chaoshan area, and the black money often flows back overseas in the form of gifts from relatives and friends. "< In fact, it has become an open secret for underground banks to launder money for smuggling criminals, not only in Chaoshan area, but also in Fujian and Zhejiang. Relevant materials show that in Xiamen Yuanhua smuggling case, Lai Changxing's income flowed into foreign countries through underground banks. From 1996 to 1998, Yuanhua's smuggling income of 12 billion yuan was escorted by the financial director Zhuang Jianqun to an underground bank in Guangzhou, which was in the house of a pseudonym "Huanghe", and then "Huanghe" informed the Hong Kong partners to pay foreign exchange to Yuanhua's organization in Hong Kong. It is estimated that the amount of money "laundered" through underground banks in China is as high as 200 billion a year
money laundering techniques upgrade. The criminal term of "money laundering" is called "Da Shu": when a domestic "customer" wants to exchange a large amount of RMB cash or money orders for Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to withdraw in Hong Kong, they will directly hand over the RMB cash and money orders to underground banks or deposit them in their designated accounts, The underground bank calculates the amount of Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to be paid according to the black market price of foreign exchange on that day and informs its partners in Hong Kong. The partners in Hong Kong will pay foreign exchange from their bank account in Hong Kong to the account designated by the customer. And vice versa
when the domestic income of RMB greatly exceeds the expenditure, the underground banks will exchange foreign exchange to the Hong Kong partners through "specialized households", whose foreign exchange source is mainly obtained by fraud with fake import contracts and customs declaration forms. However, this method has obviously lagged behind. Now the underground banks in Chaoshan usually have their own companies. They can balance their income and expenditure by repeatedly checking business with overseas companies. A batch of watches have been turned 27 times between Shantou and Hong Kong, and 10000 watches have become 270000
when there is demand, there is a market. A few years ago, Shantou underground bank "collaborated with tax fraudsters" is an obvious example. Underground banks in the crazy tax fraud cases have been rapid expansion and development. In the process of money laundering for tax fraudsters one after another, the clerks of a bank even spread all over Chaoshan towns
Huang Wenlong, the first group of tax fraudsters in Shantou who were sentenced to death, personally described his "facaijing" practice of defrauding export tax rebates: "first, I set up Daxing company to obtain the import and export rights, and then set up eight supply enterprises to issue false VAT invoices. I found another person named Xu Qiaoli to buy the customs declaration form, then let Chen Qincheng, a fellow townsman living in Hong Kong, remit foreign exchange, and finally prepay part of the tax to the tax authorities to obtain a "special tax receipt". After that, I can get the export tax rebate. After obtaining the tax refund, they will buy foreign exchange through underground banks and pay Chen Qincheng for the next "export collection" to start another cycle. " In this way, Huang Wenlong defrauded more than 21 million yuan of export tax refund in one year
it is understood that more than 100 criminal gangs engaged in defrauding export tax rebates in Chaoyang and Puning, from 1999 to June 2000 alone, falsely issued VAT invoices of 32.3 billion yuan and were suspected of tax fraud of nearly 4.2 billion yuan. It can be imagined how much help underground banks have helped
according to the information about the Hong Kong ICAC's cracking of the "money laundering" case, the "money laundering" group tried to bribe a senior manager of Baosheng bank's Tsim Sha Tsui branch to deal with all the money in the form of general transfer rather than exchange in order to avoid the amount of money converted in the bank being regulated by the laws of Hong Kong. With the assistance of the manager, the "black money" was transferred to different bank accounts and then transferred to relevant bank accounts in Hong Kong and overseas
the Bank of China group, which belongs to Baosheng bank, found that there was someone suspected of corruption within the bank and took the initiative to report to the ICAC. In its investigation, the ICAC found that Lai Changxing, the principal criminal of Yuanhua smuggling case, is one of its main customers. In addition, some Hong Kong businessmen investing in the mainland also use this criminal group to "launder money" and realize capital flight. It is reported that the group has been in operation for at least five years, and the daily cash flow with Guangdong, Fujian and other places is as high as 50 million yuan
but obviously, this is just the tip of the iceberg. It is estimated that the amount of money laundered through underground banks in China is at least 200 billion yuan per year, of which the amount of money laundered from smuggling is about 70 billion yuan, the amount of money laundered from official corruption is more than 30 billion yuan, and the rest is money laundered from legitimate income. To put it bluntly, foreign-funded enterprises transfer their legitimate income abroad through underground banks in order to evade state supervision and taxation
according to the internationally accepted calculation method, capital flight is the difference between China's trade surplus plus net capital inflow and the increase of China's total foreign exchange reserves. It is reported that this "error and omission" in China's balance of payments statistics is US $120 billion every year, which has accumulated for many years, and the amount has exceeded 100 billion. Some economists estimate that since "errors and Omissions" are only the part counted by the government, more capital outflows are not recorded, so this figure may be more alarming.
"money laundering" refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, including the income generated by drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes
money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form
in addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets< In the 1920s, a Mafia financial expert in Chicago bought a coin operated washing machine and opened a laundry. When he calculates the laundry income of the day every night, he adds other illegal gains into it, and then reports to the tax department. In this way, after decting the tax payable, the remaining money illegally obtained becomes his legal income. This is the origin of the word "money laundering"
money laundering refers to the process of transforming illegal gains into "legal property" through financial or other institutions, which has become a very key link in the survival and development of criminal groups. On the one hand, through money laundering, organized crime covers up the traces of its criminal activities and can "enjoy" the proceeds of crime properly; On the other hand, money laundering provides funds for criminal groups to intervene in legal enterprises, so that they can "legally cover illegal activities" and constantly expand their criminal power
the object of money laundering is black money, which includes the income from drug trafficking, smuggling, arms trafficking, fraud, theft, robbery, corruption, tax evasion and other crimes. Money laundering is usually divided into three steps: (1) deposit, that is, deposit the illegally obtained cash in the bank 2) Through a series of complicated and tedious transactions, such as bank transfer, cash and securities transaction, transnational capital transfer, etc., the real source of money is concealed and legalized 3) Return funds to criminals in legal form. In addition, there are many other ways to launder money, such as buying real estate, jewelry, antiques, etc., and then converting them into cash or other financial assets
in recent years, a new type of money laundering, namely corruption, has emerged. Money laundering by public officials is becoming more and more frequent in the world. They put on the coat of legal income to their black money of corruption and bribery through various channels. After that, we can not only squander and enjoy these illegal gains openly, but also invest and re add value. Its development speed has surpassed the traditional money laundering. This new phenomenon of money laundering is becoming more and more serious in China
there are several ways of money laundering with "Chinese characteristics": first, to make money first and then to launder money, that is, after a large number of corruption and bribery, public officials resign to run companies or speculate in stocks, and use their new identity to explain their abnormal wealth; Second, money laundering while making money, that is to say, "one family, two systems", in which one makes use of one's power to make money on stage, while one's relatives cover up the source of black money by "going to sea"; The third is to make money with money laundering, that is, government officials or state-owned enterprise managers set up private enterprises and agent enterprises (the enterprises are ostensibly owned by others, but the power is controlled by themselves). They can not only transfer the black money to the accounts of these enterprises through economic exchanges, but also make another profit through normal tax business
another category is transnational money laundering, that is, taking advantage of the increasingly close relationship between domestic and foreign markets to try to transfer the black money, or collect the stolen money abroad and launder it. Although the international money laundering activities of domestic corrupt elements have not yet formed a scale, they have occupied an increasing proportion in international money laundering. Some leading cadres have begun to lay a foundation abroad and get their children and funds out. Now there is a kind of "aristocracy of studying abroad" among Chinese students abroad. Most of them are not the children of the "big money" in China, but as soon as they arrive overseas, they have a large amount of income in their bank accounts. When the middle class in developed countries still have to pay by installments to buy houses, these students have already bought houses in the local rich areas, and paid off hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars in a lump sum
transfer of illegal income. Such as the funds obtained from corruption, bribery and rent-seeking, the embezzled state-owned assets, and the huge wealth obtained from smuggling, smuggling, fraud and tax evasion. Because our country is in the period of system transition, the incentive, restraint and internal monitoring mechanism of state-owned and collective enterprises is not perfect, and the domestic parent company transfers assets and profits to overseas subsidiaries or foreign investors in various ways, so that a few people get greater control of public assets abroad, or directly turn the public into private
there are three ways to launder money: the first is to sign a contract with foreign countries to buy goods and remit money. At this time, we usually have to cooperate with each other at home and abroad to make fake documents; The second is to remit money through underground banks; The third is diversification. At present, most of the money smuggled and saved in Chaoshan area is laundered through underground banks. "There are two reasons. First, the cost of laundering money through underground banks is very low. Take Hong Kong dollar as an example. If the exchange rate of banks is 0.8, the exchange rate of underground banks is basically only 1.10. Second, there are many overseas Chinese in Chaoshan area, and the black money often flows back overseas in the form of gifts from relatives and friends. "< In fact, it has become an open secret for underground banks to launder money for smuggling criminals, not only in Chaoshan area, but also in Fujian and Zhejiang. Relevant materials show that in Xiamen Yuanhua smuggling case, Lai Changxing's income flowed into foreign countries through underground banks. From 1996 to 1998, Yuanhua's smuggling income of 12 billion yuan was escorted by the financial director Zhuang Jianqun to an underground bank in Guangzhou, which was in the house of a pseudonym "Huanghe", and then "Huanghe" informed the Hong Kong partners to pay foreign exchange to Yuanhua's organization in Hong Kong. It is estimated that the amount of money "laundered" through underground banks in China is as high as 200 billion a year
money laundering techniques upgrade. The criminal term of "money laundering" is called "Da Shu": when a domestic "customer" wants to exchange a large amount of RMB cash or money orders for Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to withdraw in Hong Kong, they will directly hand over the RMB cash and money orders to underground banks or deposit them in their designated accounts, The underground bank calculates the amount of Hong Kong dollars or US dollars to be paid according to the black market price of foreign exchange on that day and informs its partners in Hong Kong. The partners in Hong Kong will pay foreign exchange from their bank account in Hong Kong to the account designated by the customer. And vice versa
when the domestic income of RMB greatly exceeds the expenditure, the underground banks will exchange foreign exchange to the Hong Kong partners through "specialized households", whose foreign exchange source is mainly obtained by fraud with fake import contracts and customs declaration forms. However, this method has obviously lagged behind. Now the underground banks in Chaoshan usually have their own companies. They can balance their income and expenditure by repeatedly checking business with overseas companies. A batch of watches have been turned 27 times between Shantou and Hong Kong, and 10000 watches have become 270000
when there is demand, there is a market. A few years ago, Shantou underground bank "collaborated with tax fraudsters" is an obvious example. Underground banks in the crazy tax fraud cases have been rapid expansion and development. In the process of money laundering for tax fraudsters one after another, the clerks of a bank even spread all over Chaoshan towns
Huang Wenlong, the first group of tax fraudsters in Shantou who were sentenced to death, personally described his "facaijing" practice of defrauding export tax rebates: "first, I set up Daxing company to obtain the import and export rights, and then set up eight supply enterprises to issue false VAT invoices. I found another person named Xu Qiaoli to buy the customs declaration form, then let Chen Qincheng, a fellow townsman living in Hong Kong, remit foreign exchange, and finally prepay part of the tax to the tax authorities to obtain a "special tax receipt". After that, I can get the export tax rebate. After obtaining the tax refund, they will buy foreign exchange through underground banks and pay Chen Qincheng for the next "export collection" to start another cycle. " In this way, Huang Wenlong defrauded more than 21 million yuan of export tax refund in one year
it is understood that more than 100 criminal gangs engaged in defrauding export tax rebates in Chaoyang and Puning, from 1999 to June 2000 alone, falsely issued VAT invoices of 32.3 billion yuan and were suspected of tax fraud of nearly 4.2 billion yuan. It can be imagined how much help underground banks have helped
according to the information about the Hong Kong ICAC's cracking of the "money laundering" case, the "money laundering" group tried to bribe a senior manager of Baosheng bank's Tsim Sha Tsui branch to deal with all the money in the form of general transfer rather than exchange in order to avoid the amount of money converted in the bank being regulated by the laws of Hong Kong. With the assistance of the manager, the "black money" was transferred to different bank accounts and then transferred to relevant bank accounts in Hong Kong and overseas
the Bank of China group, which belongs to Baosheng bank, found that there was someone suspected of corruption within the bank and took the initiative to report to the ICAC. In its investigation, the ICAC found that Lai Changxing, the principal criminal of Yuanhua smuggling case, is one of its main customers. In addition, some Hong Kong businessmen investing in the mainland also use this criminal group to "launder money" and realize capital flight. It is reported that the group has been in operation for at least five years, and the daily cash flow with Guangdong, Fujian and other places is as high as 50 million yuan
but obviously, this is just the tip of the iceberg. It is estimated that the amount of money laundered through underground banks in China is at least 200 billion yuan per year, of which the amount of money laundered from smuggling is about 70 billion yuan, the amount of money laundered from official corruption is more than 30 billion yuan, and the rest is money laundered from legitimate income. To put it bluntly, foreign-funded enterprises transfer their legitimate income abroad through underground banks in order to evade state supervision and taxation
according to the internationally accepted calculation method, capital flight is the difference between China's trade surplus plus net capital inflow and the increase of China's total foreign exchange reserves. It is reported that this "error and omission" in China's balance of payments statistics is US $120 billion every year, which has accumulated for many years, and the amount has exceeded 100 billion. Some economists estimate that since "errors and Omissions" are only the part counted by the government, more capital outflows are not recorded, so this figure may be more alarming.
6. Anti money laundering is the responsibility of the people's Bank of China. Responsible for the supervision of anti money laundering
money laundering can be generally defined as the act of converting or transferring assets in order to conceal or cover up their illegal sources, or to assist any person involved in such crimes to evade the legal consequences of their actions, and to conceal or cover up the nature, source, location, disposal, transfer, control or ownership of the assets, knowing that the assets are derived from illegal gains
money laundering methods can be classified according to different standards. For example, according to their ration, they can be divided into traditional money laundering methods and new money laundering methods. The traditional ways of money laundering are: currency smuggling, currency exchange, investment in real estate; In addition, the use of casinos, legitimate companies, underground banks, intermediaries and other means of money laundering, the use of false letters of credit, tampering with invoices and other means of money laundering are traditional ways of money laundering. The so-called new way of money laundering is a way of money laundering in the situation of scientific and technological progress and financial innovation, which achieves the purpose of money laundering by transferring funds through securities transactions
from the macro perspective, money laundering seriously affects the stability of social security and economic order, weakens the influence of the government's macro-control and the stability of the financial market, etc
from the micro perspective, money laundering activities affect the legitimate rights and interests of legitimate investors and destroy the effective operation and fair competition of financial market. For financial institutions, strengthening the suppression of money laundering is an effective way to strengthen the compliance and risk control of the instry
as a financial institution, we should strictly control the links that may lead to money laundering. The methods can be referred to as follows:
1. Master the basic requirements of the current anti money laundering work of financial institutions at home and abroad. Due to the complex relationship between the realization of economic benefits and social responsibility, the satisfaction of customers' requirements and the performance of obligations, financial institutions have some difficulties in anti money laundering
Second, strengthen the understanding of customers' personal data, and understand special groups, such as under investment age, elderly people, income and personal data with unclear identity information< Third, establish a systematic anti money laundering mechanism< Fourth, strengthen the anti money laundering training for employees< 5. Strengthen the exchange of anti money laundering information.
money laundering can be generally defined as the act of converting or transferring assets in order to conceal or cover up their illegal sources, or to assist any person involved in such crimes to evade the legal consequences of their actions, and to conceal or cover up the nature, source, location, disposal, transfer, control or ownership of the assets, knowing that the assets are derived from illegal gains
money laundering methods can be classified according to different standards. For example, according to their ration, they can be divided into traditional money laundering methods and new money laundering methods. The traditional ways of money laundering are: currency smuggling, currency exchange, investment in real estate; In addition, the use of casinos, legitimate companies, underground banks, intermediaries and other means of money laundering, the use of false letters of credit, tampering with invoices and other means of money laundering are traditional ways of money laundering. The so-called new way of money laundering is a way of money laundering in the situation of scientific and technological progress and financial innovation, which achieves the purpose of money laundering by transferring funds through securities transactions
from the macro perspective, money laundering seriously affects the stability of social security and economic order, weakens the influence of the government's macro-control and the stability of the financial market, etc
from the micro perspective, money laundering activities affect the legitimate rights and interests of legitimate investors and destroy the effective operation and fair competition of financial market. For financial institutions, strengthening the suppression of money laundering is an effective way to strengthen the compliance and risk control of the instry
as a financial institution, we should strictly control the links that may lead to money laundering. The methods can be referred to as follows:
1. Master the basic requirements of the current anti money laundering work of financial institutions at home and abroad. Due to the complex relationship between the realization of economic benefits and social responsibility, the satisfaction of customers' requirements and the performance of obligations, financial institutions have some difficulties in anti money laundering
Second, strengthen the understanding of customers' personal data, and understand special groups, such as under investment age, elderly people, income and personal data with unclear identity information< Third, establish a systematic anti money laundering mechanism< Fourth, strengthen the anti money laundering training for employees< 5. Strengthen the exchange of anti money laundering information.
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