SIP digital currency

1.

The hottest things this year are "bitcoin", "Ethereum" and all kinds of cryptocurrencies, so hot that even aunts and uncles are about to start talking about them. It is no exaggeration to say that 2017 is the first year of the development of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology

as the underlying technology behind bitcoin, the concept of blockchain has only been mentioned in the past two or three years, although as early as 2009, "Nakamoto Tsung" released bitcoin. After this wave of digital currency boom, the concept of blockchain technology has really entered the eyes of all walks of life. I'm afraid it's too early to mention the wide application of blockchain technology, which is still in a very early stage of development. However, e to the arrival of the boom, many technicians and teams have contributed their efforts to build some blockchain concept projects“ Needless to say, as the first application of blockchain technology, bitcoin of "Zhongben cong" has realized the function of distributed ledger, which can realize the first decentralized value transmission of human beings. It can be said that it is "blockchain 1.0". Then Ethereum invented the smart contract, which extended the function of blockchain technology to build applications. It is well deserved to be defined as "blockchain 2.0". However, the blockchain concept projects that came out later did not realize this leap forward role, but only improved to a certain extent at the application level, so they can not be called "blockchain 3.0"

so what is "blockchain 3.0"? Maybe bitcoin OS is the answer: an operation system that is completely based on blockchain technology and follows the concept of blockchain technology. In the 1980s, before Microsoft released the windows operating system, personal computers and Internet technology were still in a non systematic state and could not be popularized. After the release, personal computers were allowed to enter ordinary people's homes, making PC and Internet universal application procts. Recently, bitcoin OS team announced the implementation of the bifurcations of bitcoin and Ethereum on Christmas day, so as to officially publish the plan of developing blockchain OS

anyone who knows a little bit about blockchain technology knows that bitcoin solves the problem of account book, while Ethereum is a smart contract to realize application expansion. Later, a team will launch a distributed storage project. But these systems with only a single functional mole are not "operating systems". The traditional definition of operating system is a huge management and control program, which includes five management functions: process and processor management, job management, storage management, device management and file management. In fact, the OS based on blockchain does not need to change all the five functional blocks into distributed ones, as long as the parts related to the external transmission of value and information can be decentralized and distributed. Therefore, the blockchain operating system should have at least three functions of "account system management, computing resource management and storage resource management", which can realize distributed ledger, edge computing and edge storage. Although it is still too early to define the instry standard in this way, bitcoin OS team is committed to realizing the blockchain OS possessed by these three functional blocks first, and then improving it through iteration

according to the bitcoin OS team, the name "bitcoin OS" is actually "blockchain OS", which is named after "bitcoin", which is also a tribute to the inventor "Satoshi Nakamoto". At present, from the technical details given by the bitcoin OS team, we may be able to see some aspects of this "blockchain 3.0" project

firstly, the management function of the account book system supports locating the ownership of resources according to the account ID, such as the private key; Computing resource management can obtain corresponding computing resources according to the demand, support edge computing, and share distributed computing power. In addition, storage resource management can use storage resources according to the demand, and support edge storage. Compared with bitcoin OS, Ethereum only supports account system and smart contract, which can not meet the distribution of distributed computing tasks. Ethereum only supports the fair execution of contract code, let alone the management of storage resources. So Ethereum is only a custom calculator

in addition, it is worth mentioning that bitcoin OS self customized enhanced smart contract. It supports two modes, which are more flexible and efficient

1. Central computing mode: the outgoing node is responsible for executing the smart contract, and both the incoming parameters and the output results support sipfs to be stored in the storage node

Distributed computing mode: ordinary nodes can claim computing tasks, input parameters and output results support sipfs storage to storage nodes

finally, we also need to mention the built-in sipfs super interstellar file system of bitcoin OS. Sipfs can realize the decentralized storage of technical input parameters and output parameters. At the same time, the file has a life cycle, and the DNA description of the file descriptor is recorded on the blockchain. The file descriptor of sipfs does not exist on the blockchain, but it will be stored in a separate file descriptor data file. After the end of the file life cycle, the blockchain will automatically delete the file descriptor, Realize the intelligent slimming of blockchain

"blockchain 3.0" is worth looking forward to, and bitcoin OS team, as the vanguard, is worth paying attention to and encouraging. We are looking forward to the real blockchain operating system

2. The password for the

payment code, that is, the Alipay payment code, can be reset in Alipay - settings security center payment settings - payment password. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) enters Alipay's home page. Br />

when the user pays the payment code "face to face pay", it can complete payment within a certain amount without entering the password. Alipay will dect the amount from the user's assets (the payment channel depending on the circumstances) according to the amount determined by the merchant.

in the case of hotel, leasing and other businesses requiring deposit, when using "face-to-face payment" for payment, it is agreed that businesses can limit part of the assets (the dection channel depends on the situation) as deposit, and authorize businesses to dect the final consumption amount (including liquidated damages, if any) from the deposit assets, and release the remaining deposit at the same time

the foregoing restrictions include the freezing of Alipay account funds, the freezing of the monetary fund shares corresponding to the corresponding treasure service, the freezing of the quota of flowers, and the freezing of the funds of Alipay's bank cards after being withheld. br />

3. I went with my LP in May. One month in advance to prepare for the visa in advance. Find a travel agency or Ctrip can help handle free travel. When we left, we flew from Shenyang to Shanghai and Shanghai to Phuket. In general, free travel is responsible for airport pick-up and drop off, others are not. The local people still speak more English, so they can get by in English. It's OK not to bring a Wenqu star. 1、 Bring toothbrush, toothpaste, comb and towel (if the girl wants to blow her hair every day, please bring a small hairdryer), which is not provided in the local hotel. Take a few sealed bags, so you can safely put the camera in it and take it to the seaside

2. Some girls buy bikini locally, which is about 70 yuan, but most bikini abroad have no inner cushion, so it's better for shy girls to take them from home. In particular, in foreign countries, people are used to wearing swimsuits inside. As soon as they arrive at their destination, they can take off their clothes and go into the water

3. Be sure to apply sunscreen. In Phuket, the sun's ultraviolet radiation is very strong. You must remember to apply sunscreen at any time. The sunscreen's SPF should be above 50

4. Don't bring too much clothes. In Phuket, you can buy colorful and comfortable summer clothes and slippers everywhere, so you don't have to bring too many clothes to make it a burden. (however, you still need to bring one or two long sleeve clothes. In fact, it's a little cold when you cross the sea by boat.). There is no need to worry about bath towel. Local hotels provide bath towel for tourists to take to the beach

5. Take essential oil, medicine for carsickness or boat sickness, berberine, anti-inflammatory medicine, Bundy, cold medicine, and remember that it's good to stay at home for a thousand days, but it's hard to go out for a while

6. Phuket has strong sunlight and is white. Without sunglasses, your eyes will be very tired; If you don't have sunglasses on the boat, the strong sea breeze will make you cry< The exchange rate of US dollar to Thai baht is higher than that of RMB to Thai baht, so before going abroad, you should take RMB to the Bank of China and exchange it into US dollar with your ID card (up to 30000 for personal business). The exchange rate of 100 or 50 denominations is higher. Please check the number of years of publication when you get the US dollars. It's very difficult to change the US dollars 96 years ago (including the 96 Edition) with the word B2 in Puda island. It's said that the machine doesn't recognize it

2. After going to Thailand, try not to exchange baht at the airport, because the exchange rate there is relatively low. There are many local exchange sites, which are convenient for tourists to exchange currency. Violet site has the highest exchange rate, and domestic UnionPay card or visa card can also be used in some places

3. Don't use up all Thai baht before you return home, because you have to use it to pay the airport construction fee (500-1000 baht). You don't have to worry about too much baht. You can spend all the money in the ty-free shop at the airport before you return home. If you can't finish it, don't worry. Although the Bank of China doesn't do the business of exchanging RMB for Thai baht at present, it does the business of exchanging Thai baht for RMB (very unfair). The requirements for the exchange of Thai baht are: the Thai baht after the 1994 version; The minimum face value is more than 50 yuan, that is, 50, 100, 500, 1000. The exchange rate of THB to RMB is about 21.53 yuan (1:4.64) for 100 yuan. When changing Thai baht, change more 20 baht, because there is the habit of tipping, and it requires paper money. It is insulting to give coins locally

3. Precautions:

Thai people respect their king very much, so when you travel to Thailand, please remember not to offend anything related to the royal family, such as a banknote with a beautiful image of the Thai king. In Thailand, any offence against the royal family is an offence and the offender will be sentenced to imprisonment

Thai people don't like to argue. If you are rude to them or start a dispute, you will only suffer from yourself. On the contrary, if you are kind to them, they will not only treat them with courtesy, but also help you when you need it

Phuket people mainly believe in Buddhism and Islam, so they must abide by some taboos when entering the local area

1. When visiting temples, do not put your shoulders on your back or frighten others from behind
2. Don't talk about or criticize the royal family. When there are royal members present, the attitude should be respected
3. When you enter a temple, you should take off your shoes, dress neatly and modestly, and you'd better not wear shorts
4. Women should avoid touching monks. If they offer property, they can ask men to do it for them, or they can put it directly on the table
5. When you meet monks, you should be courteous, and the Buddha statues, big or small, old or new, should be respected
6. When greeting, hands should be clasped, and feet should not be used to point at people or objects. The head is a sacred part of the body, and you should not touch other people's head. Khun in Thai means Mr., Ms., Mrs., and men and women
7. In public places, men and women should not act too intimately or lose their temper in public
8. Gambling is forbidden in Thailand. Even in hotel rooms, you can't play cards or mahjong
9. Please don't be naked on the beach< (4) the tourism complaints hotline is set up by the Tourism Administration of the government of Thailand with the telephone number of 1155
be sure to remember this number. No matter where you are in Thailand, you can call 1155 for free anytime, anywhere
Thailand's telephone code: 006676

v. time

Bangkok time (GMT + 7) is one hour later than Beijing time (GMT + 8)

VI. food

Thai food is famous for its delicious taste and fresh raw materials, while Phuket is unique for its unique seafood

Thai cuisine is a combination of eastern and Western cooking methods, with a strong taste. First of all, the raw materials of Thai cuisine come from marine procts, plants and herbs; Secondly, because it is a Buddhist country, there is no big piece of meat in Thai food. The main cooking methods of Thai food are cooking and barbecue. Strictly speaking, Thai food should include soup, curry dish with seasoning, sauce for dipping fish and vegetables. Sometimes, you can use spicy salad instead of curry dish. Or, you can freely combine all kinds of sauces and spices to make food suitable for your own taste

Phuket is located in the south of Thailand. Due to the large number of coconut trees planted in Phuket, coconut plays a very important role. Coconut milk can blend the pungent heat of pepper, coconut oil is used for frying, and coconut antler is a good seasoning<

as for the special food of Phuket, there are:

sate - beef or chicken kebab with peanut butter
nasi goreng - mixed fried rice with chicken, vegetables, pork and beef, usually accompanied by Crispy Shrimp slices and a fried egg.
Mie goreng - mixed fried noodles, The ingredients are the same as above.
ayam goreng / Bakar - fried chicken / roast chicken.
cap cay (read as chap Chai) - stir fried vegetables.
gado gado - quick fried vegetables with peanut butter.
rujak - fruit salad with spices (cold dish).
Padang food - dishes from the second place of Sumatra, which can be said to be the most common ordering method. Usually 12 or more dishes are served at a time, It includes beef, shrimp, vegetables, eggs, chicken, viscera, soup, red pepper and so on. Customers only need to pay for the dishes they have eaten.

Phuket Specialty:

cashew is the most famous proct in Phuket. Cashew must be dried, shelled, steamed, dried and peeled after harvest, Can you imagine making cashew nuts with different flavors? In Phuket, you can eat more than 15 different flavors of cashew nuts. In addition to the most popular honey cashew nuts, garlic cashew nuts, cream cashew nuts, salt cashew nuts, coconut cashew nuts, there are rare spicy cashew nuts, coffee cashew nuts, chocolate cashew nuts, white sesame cashew nuts, etc. you can see the proction process of cashew nuts in cashew factories, and you can try to eat them one by one<

dried fruits
Thailand is rich in many tropical fruits, so some dried fruits with unique taste are proced. What's more unusual is dried tomato, dried lemon and dried Hami melon, which taste strange. Other dried fruits, such as papaya, mango, peach, banana, guava, carambola, plum and pineapple, are more common. However, papaya alone has five different flavors, which is proud enough<

prawn cake
prawn cake in Phuket is a little different from that in Southeast Asia. It is baked with meat floss. If you are interested, you can have a try<

coconut
there are many kinds of coconut procts in Phuket, among which the most popular are dried coconut, followed by coconut sugar and coconut meat snacks

kissing larva
it is rich in calcium. The local people fry the captured kissing larva, and the crisp taste is quite good
the proction method of clove dried fish is the same as that of kissing larva. Customers who like crispy taste may as well try it

Phuket noodle line
the slim Phuket noodle line is a famous food that even Thais like<

dongyingong
it's a Thai special soup that can be eaten in China, but it has mixed reputation. If you have a chance to eat authentic soup this time, you must compare it

ice cream
some famous ice cream shops, such as Haagen Dazs and Robinson, tend to pay half of the price in China. MM who likes to eat ice cream can eat more to make up for the price difference in China.

sixth, shopping

to Phuket, we suggest to buy some batik to take home, such as batik clothing, batik wall hanging, batik bedding, etc., especially cotton, linen, silk beach clothes. There are many good tailors and garment dealers on Thalang road in Phuket Town. You can customize clothes according to your needs here

Phuket is the area with the largest tin proction in Thailand, so the most attractive local specialty is all kinds of tin procts, including vases, wine vessels, necklaces, rings, etc. In particular, if you go to Chiang Mai, you should never let go of any special procts you like, because the price of similar procts of Phuket is two to three times that of Chiang Mai, and it's hard to bargain

NARAYA seems to be the most famous bag in Thailand. It's still very cheap, within 600B

in Bangkok, Lee and Levi are the most valuable procts to buy; S or dianfen's procts are half cheaper than those in China, but they may also encounter counterfeits, so we should remind you to go to regular stores to buy authentic procts

when Shanghai mm goes to Thailand, she will definitely buy sand cages (the kind of cloth that Indian girls wrap from head to foot). It's very cheap there. It's 100 baht. You can buy more for free. And a piece of Thai silk skirt is also good, the price is about 200 baht

there are a lot of things in the shops on Patong street, but remember to haggle desperately. It's very normal to cut down one third of the price

local specialties can be solved in big one<

the king power in the airport is worth visiting. It's cheap and open 24 hours a day.

the good shopping spots are the central Festival and lotus, which are department stores and hypermarkets. They are not only for tourists, so the price is more reasonable. They also broadcast in Chinese, which shows the status of Chinese tourists in Thailand's tourism instry. The price of huage'er underwear will make you happy< br

4. N79 is absolutely invincible in 2000<

the following is the information and pictures

date of launch: September 2008

mobile phone type: smart phone, music phone, photo phone

mobile phone standard: GSM, WCDMA

supporting frequency band: WCDMA (3G) GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900, WCDMA (3G) network is not supported by mainland licensed procts

mobile phone shape: straight

main screen size: 2.4 inches

main screen material: TFT

main screen color: color screen, 16 million colors

main screen parameters: 240 × 320 pixels (QVGA)

CPU: ARM11 processor 375mhz

system running memory: 96MB, boot about 55mb ram

storage space: 128MB (78mb available)

System: Symbian 9.3, series 60 3rd Edition

standard configuration: 1200mAh bl-6f lithium ion battery with two Nokia N79 & quot; Change as you please & quot; Smart case, Nokia travel charger (ac-6c), Nokia data cable (ca-101), Nokia 4GB microSD card (mu-41), Nokia Music headset (hs-45, ad-54), user guide, quick start, Nokia Ovi suite DVD

talk time: 330 minutes

standby time: 390 hours

volume: 110 × forty-nine × 15mm

weight 97G

basic function edit this paragraph

ring tone: support mp3, AAC, AMR, wma, chord and other formats

address book: group management, support S60 standardized business card address book

information function: SMS, EMS SMS, MMS SMS, SMS group sending

e-mail sending and receiving: support e-mail, support SMTP, POP3, SMS, SMS group sending and so on IMAP4 and other E-mail protocols

input method: English input method, Chinese input method, T9 input method
input method: keyboard

game built-in game

office function: support document reading, support TXT, Office (word, Excel, PPT), Adobe PDF

recording function support recording function

main functions: built-in antenna, clock, built-in vibration, situation mode, Additional functions: alarm clock, calendar, calculator, calendar, Notepad, memo, world clock, currency conversion, unit conversion, Stopwatch

other features: light sensor, active matrix technology, color and brightness control, direction sensor, ambient light detector

data application function edit this paragraph

Bluetooth: support Bluetooth, Bluetooth V2.0, A2DP, Bluetooth stereo

data business: GPRS, Edge

java: Java MIDP 2.0

WAP: WAP 2.0

WWW browser: support WWW browser, support Nokia web browser

data cable: support data cable, micro USB interface, USB 2.0

expansion card: support TF Card (microSD card), support hot swap, support 8GB expansion at most

WiFi (WLAN): support WiFi, support 802.11b/g, Mainland licensed procts do not support WiFi function, but UPnP plug and play

camera function, Carl Zeiss certified lens

camera pixel: 5 megapixel

sensor type: CMOS sensor

Carl Z eiss:Tessar2.8 (aperture) / 5.4 (focal length)

sub camera: 300000 pixels

flash: Double led fill light

shooting feature: auto focus, 20x digital zoom

shooting function description: close range mode, focal length: 10-50cm, support sensitivity, exposure, brightness, definition, contrast adjustment

shooting mode: support a variety of shooting mode selection, a variety of shooting quality selection, white balance mode: automatic, daytime, cloudy day, incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, optional user-defined, macro, portrait, night scene, night portrait, Shooting modes such as sports and scenery

video shooting: audio and video shooting, maximum support for VGA (640 MB) ×

multimedia entertainment function editing this paragraph

multimedia FM radio, visual radio, picture editing, flash function, TV output, 3.5mm headphone interface

mp3 player: support MP3 playback, built-in player, support wma, MP3, EAAC + and other audio formats (support background playback, play list editing, and other functions), EQ sound effect adjustment and left and right channel adjustment, support single repetition and loop playback settings, support stereo, loud, balanced three sound effect modes)

video playback: support video playback, built-in RealPlayer player, support MPEG4, H.264, AVC, H.263, 3gp, realvideo and other video formats, full screen playback

FM radio: support FM radio, 87.5-108mhz

other performance editing this paragraph

foreign versions support 3G and WiFi functions, built-in G-sensor gravity sensor, adjust the display direction at any time, light sensor, Support Navi multimedia navigation key

with light sensor

active matrix technology

color and brightness control

direction sensor

ambient light detector

keys and input method

numeric keyboard


dedicated camera and volume key

voice control command


color and shell: Edit this paragraph

colors available in the standard sales package: Canvas white / Coffee Brown / black, coral red and white

replaceable smart case

Jack: Micro USB jack supporting mass storage mode, high-speed USB 2.0

3.5mm AV Jack

power edit this paragraph

1, 200 MAH standard lithium battery bl-6f

talk time (maximum): GSM 5 hours and 30 minutes

standby time (maximum): GSM 390 hours

packet data browsing time (maximum): 5 hours and 54 minutes

video playback time (maximum): 4 hours and 24 minutes

video recording time (maximum): 3 hours and 30 minutes

music playing time (maximum): 29 hours

memory

up to 50MB internal dynamic storage space

communication and navigation

communication and navigation

operating frequency

Quad Band GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 EGSM 900

can automatically switch between GSM bands

flight mode

data network

GPRS class A, multi slot class 11, maximum speed 107 / 64.2kb/s (downlink / uplink)

edge class B, multi slot class 32, Maximum speed 296 / 177.6kb/s (downlink / uplink)

supports TCP / IP

can act as data modem

local connection and synchronization

Bluetooth 2.0 (supports enhanced data rate)

supports MTP (mobile transport protocol)

via Nokia Video cable (ca-75u, Sold separately) support TV output (PAL / NTSC)

Nokia xpressprint print solution

support local and remote SyncML synchronization

call function

built in handsfree speaker

auto answer (with headset or car kit)

answer with any key


call waiting Call reservation, call forwarding

call timing

recording of dialed calls Received and missed calls

auto redial

speed dialing

enhanced voice dialing

support for fixed dialing

vibration prompt (internal)

side volume key

mute / unmute

cardholder with image

call ring

support for up to 6 participants Teleconference

push to talk

VoIP

message function

SMS, Support chaining messages to send long messages

delete multiple SMS at the same time

voice synthesis message reader

support MMS up to 100kb

automatically adjust MMS image size

SMS and MMS shared inboxes

broadcast messages

email

protocols supported: IMAP, pop SMTP

supports email attachments

supports email filtering

supports Nokia intellisync wireless email

supports Nokia mobile VPN

Web browsing

supports markup languages: HTML, XHTML, WML

supports protocols: http WAP

supports TCP / IP

Nokia web browser - thumbnail

Nokia mobile search

GPS and navigation

built in A-GPS

Nokia Maps application

image and sound


Photography

5 megapixel camera (2584 x 1938 pixels)

Image Image format: JPEG, EXIF

CMOS sensor, Carl Zeiss optical system, Tessar lens

20x digital zoom

auto focus through two-stage shutter key

focal length: 5.4mm

focal length range: 10cm to infinity

short range mode focal length: 10-50cm

al LED flash

flash mode: on, off, off Automatic and eliminate red eye

white balance mode: automatic, daytime, overcast, incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp

automatic exposure of central focus metering; Exposure compensation + 2 ~ - 2eV (0.3ev interval)

shooting mode: static, continuous shooting, automatic timer, camera shooting

scene mode: automatic, manual, macro, portrait, landscape, motion, night portrait and night portrait

tone mode: normal, nostalgic, black-and-white, realistic, negative

sensitivity mode: high, medium, low Automatic

gridded full screen viewfinder

active toolbar

dedicated camera key

slide to protect and activate the camera

landscape mode

device built-in photo editor

via Nokia Video cable (ca-75u, Sold separately) supports TV output (PAL / NTSC)

Nokia xpressshare solution

Nokia xpresstransfer solution

supports scrolling through the gallery using Navi navigation keys

demonstrates Ken Burns effect (Auto zoom and pan) and 3D from the gallery Stereo sound effects slide

Video

main camera

- video recording up to 640 x 480 pixels (VGA), 30 frames / second

- up to 8 times digital zoom

front camera

- up to 2 times digital zoom

video recording file format,. MP4,. 3gp; Codec: H.263, H.264

audio recording format: AMR, AAC stereo

image stability

Video white balance mode: automatic, sunlight, cloudy day, incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp

scene mode: automatic, night

tone mode: normal, nostalgic, black and white Negative film

RealPlayer

video playback file format,. MP4,. 3gp; Codec: H.263, H.264

video streaming media: 3gp,. RM

horizontal mode video playback

Video ringtones (3)

5. So爱W810 =K750 =Z550 Z558 =K700
MOTO < L7
NOKIA =3230 =6080

6.

1. As the differences between the United States and Europe grow further and further, it is difficult for the former alliance to regain its old friendship

2. The relationship between the United States and Japan is compromised in bargaining, and the US Japan alliance is facing adjustment

(3) the recovery of us Russian relations is blocked and it is difficult to completely improve

China and the United States "manage and control differences in a constructive way", and should regard mutual benefit and win-win as the main line of the development of bilateral relations

China and the EU promote the four major partnerships of "peace, growth, reform and civilization" and build a non competitive relationship in an all-round way

The comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation between China and Russia is in the best period in history and has become a model of new international relations

There are obvious changes in the world pattern

On the one hand, the ability of the United States to control world affairs has been weakened e to the Iraq war, the Afghanistan war and the financial crisis

On the other hand, the G20 has replaced the G8 as the main forum of the world economy, which shows that the status and influence of emerging powers have increased significantly. In this structural change, China's status is prominent, and the ups and downs of Sino US relations constitute a main line in the relations between major powers

the structural change of major country relations usually has a long process. The influence of emerging powers and Western powers on the world stage shows a trend of ebb and flow. The prominence of G20 status and the enhancement of the role of emerging powers give people a new picture of power politics

The relationship between China and the United States is corresponding to the structural change of the relationship between major powers, and the relationship between major powers is also changing. Just as the decline in US dominance is remarkable, so is the rise in China's influence

In this situation, the importance and sensitivity of Sino US relations have increased significantly. Over the past year, the interaction between China and the United States has greatly affected the trend of the international situation. On the whole, the strategic dialogue and cooperation between the two sides are outstanding. At the same time, the conflict of power politics between the two sides is becoming more and more acute, thus forming a conflict cooperation structure with a larger swing

the prominent influence of emerging powers is a significant trend in the structural changes of the relations between big powers

on the one hand, emerging powers are active in various multilateral cooperation platforms, increasing their voice in international relations in a institutionalized way; On the other hand, they play a unique role in solving international hot issues with positive diplomacy

extended data:

multipolarization thought of world pattern:

first, the process of world multipolarization is characterized by complexity, long-term and tortuousness. In view of the process of multipolarization, Chinese leaders have used two terms: "accelerated development" and "tortuous development"

this is in terms of the development of the world situation in different periods. As for the causes of the twists and turns of multipolarization, it generally refers to the prominent hegemonism and unilateralism, the widening gap between the north and the south, the widening gap between the rich and the poor, and local conflicts

Second, world multipolarization is not a "double-edged sword" like economic globalization. The multipolarization of the world is tit for tat with the unipolar world, and its mainstream is positive

This is quite different from the situation that the positive and negative effects of economic globalization are obviously intertwined, and sometimes the latter is more prominent. The above-mentioned reports of several CPC congresses all hold a positive attitude towards multipolarization

In November 1998, Chinese leaders signed a joint statement with Russian leaders on the turn of the century, saying very clearly: "a constructive multi polarization process in international relations is concive to the establishment of a balanced, stable, democratic and non confrontational new order. This trend objectively conforms to the fundamental interests of all countries. "

Chinese leaders sometimes compare world multipolarization with economic globalization, saying that these trends have brought complicated situations to the mutual relations of the international community and the development of economy and culture. Therefore, we are faced with both rare opportunities and severe challenges and pressures on our way forward. The problem emphasized here is more about economic globalization

Thirdly, world multipolarization is closely related to the establishment of a new international order, the democratization of international relations, economic globalization, scientific and technological progress and the struggle against hegemony. China's leaders' statements in this regard contain multiple meanings

First, it is in line with the objective law of world development, concive to reflecting the common will and interests of all countries and peoples, promoting the establishment of a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order, and promoting the coordinated and balanced development of world politics, economy and culture

Second, multipolarization is not aimed at specific countries, but at all forces in the world, on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, strengthening coordination and dialogue, avoiding confrontation, and jointly maintaining world peace, stability and development

The third is to promote world multipolarization, not to repeat the old drama of big powers competing for hegemony and dividing up spheres of influence in history, but to promote equal competition, mutually beneficial cooperation, peaceful coexistence and common prosperity in all countries and regions of the world. The world's major powers and regional powers or groups of countries will further rely on each other, restrict each other, compete and coexist in the process of mutual exchanges

At the same time, we should actively promote the democratization of international relations, that is, the affairs of all countries should be decided by the people of all countries, international affairs should be negotiated by all countries on an equal footing, and global challenges should be dealt with by all countries through cooperation

Fifthly, this kind of multipolarization is combined and promoted with the increasingly developing economic globalization and scientific and technological progress, and its final formation will go through a long, tortuous and complex evolution process

The sixth is the contradiction between unipolar and multipolar. The struggle between hegemony and anti hegemony will become the focus of international struggle for a long time in the 21st century. Unipolar world doesn't work

source of reference: People's Daily - today's disputes over the world pattern

7. First, the U.S. aircraft carrier formation ranks first in the world in military science and technology and military expenditure, and is the leader of the world's military theory reform. Now its military strength is developing towards outer space, with zero casualties approaching. It attaches great importance to beyond visual range operations, unmanned warfare and electronic warfare, so that the participants are often far away from the battlefield to survive. Second, the French chariot group has a very advanced and perfect military instrial system, advanced electronic technology, and the capability of independent development of weapons is the strongest in Europe. Its military equipment is almost independent of other countries, but it can develop a lot of high-tech weapons similar to those of the US. Compared with the United States, the advanced strategic nuclear submarines and medium range nuclear ballistic missiles independently developed by the United States are not far behind. Its strong economic base is enough to maintain its well-equipped high-tech army. Its armored forces are still a powerful force in the world's land war. Third, Russia's armored forces, the former superpower, inherited 70% of the military power of the Soviet Union. They have a solid foundation in heavy instry, developed military science and technology, and have a strong ability to independently develop weapons. When the warhead of its self-developed ss-27 "poplar" nuclear intercontinental missile re enters the atmosphere, it can make S-type maneuver, which makes the US NMD interception system helpless. However, Russia's backward electronic technology, light instry and processing technology lead to the development of advanced weapons with too large volume. Some advanced electronic components rely on imports, and the service life and quality of weapons are not as good as those of the West. Due to economic constraints, most of the weapons and equipment currently in service of the Russian army are still made by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s. However, Russia's huge nuclear arsenals and strategic rocket forces, which are given priority to development, are still a huge force shaking the west, thus making up for Russia's inferior position in conventional weapons compared with the West. Fourth, after the Gulf War in the 1990s, China's decision-makers saw the gap between China's military and the world, and the importance of high-tech weapons of the US military. They graally began to adjust their national strategies, increase military spending, and have made great achievements by importing many advanced military technologies from Russia, Israel and other countries. At present, China has a perfect military instrial system, and its electronic technology is slightly inferior to that of the West. While tracking the world's advanced technology, China's military science and technology is constantly improving, and there are a lot of innovations. China has a strong ability to independently develop weapons and absorb weapons integration and imitation. Space technology and missile technology lead Europe. At the same time, the army is moving towards outer space. However, China's basic instry is weak, and its processing technology needs to be improved. These weaknesses directly affect the quality, service life and export of Chinese weapons. The PLA ranks first in the world in military scale, with 2.1 million troops. At present, we are making greater efforts to carry out information construction, but in addition to the second artillery, the sea, land and air weapons and equipment are still very backward. However, each branch of arms is equipped with some world-class weapons developed by China itself. China attaches great importance to the reserve of technology. Once a war breaks out, China can quickly replace advanced weapons. At present, the overall strength of the Chinese army is 10-15 years behind that of the United States. Like Russia, China's Second Artillery Force is the most important. Its advanced nuclear ballistic missiles and cruise missiles are highly accurate, and all of them are developed by China itself. Nuclear missile technology is pressing Russia, only a few years behind the United States. The most important thing is that the Chinese army is recognized as the world's number one, and no one can match it in terms of overall strength so far, thus determining the situation of almost absolute security in China. Fifth, the strength of the British army, an old imperialist country, can no longer replace that of the United States. However, with its strong instrial base, advanced military science and technology, electronic technology, and the support of the United States, the British army can maintain its position as a world power! Sixth, it is an indisputable fact that Japan has long been a world leader in the field of electronic technology. Its military equipment is delicate and sophisticated, and it is very advanced. I dare say that if Japan had not been punished by defeat and could not develop high-power weapons, its current military level would definitely be in the top three, not that I would have increased the prestige of others, Japan's King Kong class aegis ships and pro tide class submarines have been launched in recent years. According to experts' assessment, their level is by no means lower than that of similar ships in the United States. They also have the world's second largest anti submarine aircraft force, which is second only to the United States. They are all forces that can not be ignored. Some people once said that "if Japan is given a chance, it can build a nuclear weapon within one month". If it is, it will be very terrible. However, China is no longer the China of that year
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January 2, 2011
the development status of China's IC instry, the development status of China's IC instry
key words: the status of China's IC instry
the IC instry is a knowledge intensive, technology intensive and capital intensive instry, the rapid development of the world's IC instry, rapid technological changes. Before and after 2003, China's IC instry is not developed in quality or quantity, but it is moving eastward along the belt. With the global automobile instry, China's stable economic growth, huge domestic market and a large number of talents, China's IC instry has become a new world IC manufacturing center. In the 21st century, China must strengthen the development of electronic information instry. This is a pillar of China's economic development and an important means to promote scientific progress and technology, so as to improve China's comprehensive strength. IC instry, electronic information instry base, must give priority to the development of the instry. Only those with solid integrated circuit instry, in order to effectively support China's economic, military, technological and social development, the implementation of the third step development strategic objectives
, the rapid development of China's IC instry, with a sales volume of US $222 million and RMB 58.5 billion, in 1998, China's IC proction increased. By 2009, China's IC proction has reached 41.1 billion yuan, and its sales revenue has reached 11.1 billion yuan. In the past 12 years, China's proction and sales have increased 18.5 times and 20 times, respectively, 38.1%, with an average annual growth rate of 40.2%. The growth rate of China's IC proction and sales is much higher than that of the same period, with an average annual growth rate of 6.4%. Secondly, the significant changes in China's IC instry, 2008, China's IC instry in the development process of major changes in the year. The global financial crisis is not the only decline in the world semiconctor market, as well as a significant rection in China's exports of procts, accounting for about 1 / 3 of China's total exports, a decline in the growth of electronic information procts, the corresponding rection in demand for its core components of integrated circuit procts. The appreciation of RMB also affects the development of the instry. It is a factor that can not be ignored, because the direct export of IC procts sold in China accounts for about 70%. The appreciation of RMB has an important impact on the export trade. As the settlement currency, the appreciation of RMB against the US dollar is 1%. The overall sales growth of the domestic IC instry will increase in the coming 2011, In order to speed up the appreciation of RMB, it will rece by 1.2 to 1.4 percentage points, which is a problem, Overview of proct sales overview of China's IC proct sales overview of China's IC instry is set in 2008. The cyclical decline of China's IC instry shows a growth trend. The quarterly decline is only 124.682 billion yuan, and the annual total sales volume is 0.4% lower than that of 2007. There has never been a negative growth; In the fourth quarter of the year, IC proction reached 4.177.4 billion US dollars, up 1.3% year on year. Compared with 2007, IC proction was the only one. In recent years, the proction and sales of China's IC procts are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. From Figure 1, the output of China's IC procts increased from 2003 to 2008, and Figure 2, the sales of China's IC procts increased from 2003 to 2008. It can be seen that in recent years, the sales of China's IC procts increased year by year, but the growth rate is slow, This is because after the promulgation of State Council document No. 18 for five years, the average annual growth rate of China's IC instry proct sales has been increased by more than 30%. During this period, the world's IC instry with three times the growth rate is a country's rapid development stage, The average annual growth rate of China's IC instry will also be maintained at about 1.5 times, and the world's growth rate has been developing at a high speed. Therefore, in 2007, China's IC instry graally slowed down, which should be a normal state of affairs. The world's IC instry is in a cyclical trough, and the average annual growth rate of about 20% is still a rare high speed. From the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, the world economy began to graally expand the form of the world financial crisis, and then spread to the real economy. From 2008
affected China's IC instry, to the third quarter, the impact of the international financial crisis was significant. After the outbreak of the fourth quarter, the sales of China's integrated circuit instry decreased significantly, and the growth rate was low. Figure 3 shows a process, a change
Figure 3 the sales revenue of IC procts in 2006q1-2008q4 and the improvement of the instrial environment in the previous year (quarter) show that the growth rate of China's IC instry has withstood the impact of the financial crisis, and the policy is very important. In January 2008, the Ministry of ecation, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued a number of preferential policies. The notice on enterprise income tax (Cai Shui [2008] No.1) attaches great importance to IC enterprises enjoying preferential income tax. The recently approved plan for the adjustment and revitalization of the electronic information instry has taken "building a self-control IC instry system" as the five major development initiatives of the three key tasks for the future development of the domestic information instry, and clearly put forward "increasing investment and concentrating on the implementation of the upgrading of integrated circuits"“ The national medium and long term science and technology development plan (2006-2020) issued by the State Council in 2005 (GF [2005] No. 44) has decided and arranged 16 major projects, including "core electronic devices, high-end general-purpose chips and basic software procts" and "VLSI manufacturing equipment and complete sets of major projects". The first two were listed in April 2008, The implementation plans of the two major projects approved in principle by the executive meeting of the State Council provide a good opportunity for development, especially in related fields. Chinese governments at all levels continue to actively support the development of integrated circuit instry and relevant policies, which will have a positive impact on the development of China's integrated circuit instry. Fourth, the demand for IC procts is in China. In recent years, with the rapid development of the demand for IC procts in the Chinese market, China's electronic information procts manufacturing has shown a state of rapid development and concerns. Even in the global semiconctor instry demand, China's IC procts in the domestic and international semiconctor instry downturn and negative growth in 2008,
seeking the market still maintains the momentum of growth, which is more than 10% of the sales of maintenance information procts manufacturing instry. The demand of China's IC market in recent years is shown in Figure 4
from 2004 to 2008, the demand of China's IC market exceeded v. the structure design, manufacturing, assembly and testing instries of China's IC instry increased at the same time, and the level of China's IC instry increased at the same time E and proction capacity of semiconctor equipment and materials instry chain basically formed. With a few years ago IC design instry and accelerated development of chip manufacturing and design instry, the proportion of chip manufacturing instry is graally increasing, and the structure of domestic IC instry is becoming more and more reasonable. The sales of design instry in 2006 was 18.62 billion yuan, an increase of 49.8%. Compared with 2005, the sales of 2007 was 22.57 billion yuan, an increase of 21.2% compared with 2006. The sales volume of chip manufacturing instry in 2006 was 32.35 billion yuan, up 38.9% compared with 2005; Sales in 2007 were $397.9 million, a 23.0% increase over 2006. The sales revenue of packaging and testing instry in 2006 was 49.66 billion yuan, up 43.9% year on year. Compared with 2005, the sales revenue of 2007 was 62.77 billion yuan, up 26.4% year on year. In 2001, the sales of China's design instry, chip manufacturing, packaging and testing instry were 110 million yuan, 2.72 billion yuan and 16.11 yuan respectively, accounting for 5.6%, 13.6% and 80.8% of the total annual sales respectively, and the instrial structure was unreasonable. In the past five years, the scale of the instry has been expanding. At the same time, the proportion of the design instry and the chip manufacturing instry, which are graally rational in the IC instrial structure, has increased significantly. In 2007, the sales of IC design, chip manufacturing, packaging and testing instries in China were 22.55 billion yuan, 39.69 billion yuan and 62.77 billion yuan respectively, accounting for 18.0%, 31.7% and 50.2% of the total annual sales. The R & D and proction capacity of semiconctor equipment and materials is also growing. In terms of equipment, 65nm began to be introced into proction, SMIC cooperated with IBM 45nm technology, FBP (planar bump packaging) and multi
chip packaging (MCP) and other advanced packaging technologies were successfully developed and put into proction, 8-inch 100nm plasma etcher and large angle ion implanter, 12 inch silicon wafer proction line, 8-inch and 12 inch silicon single crystal materials, Developed domestic silicon wafer and photoresist proction capacity and supply capacity continue to increase
however, in 2008, the domestic IC design, chip manufacturing, packaging and testing instries were affected by the market downturn to varying degrees, and the chip manufacturing instry was the most obvious. The annual growth of chip manufacturing scale increased from 23% to 1.3% in 2007, and the main chip manufacturing companies had idle capacity and performance decline; The orders of packaging and testing instry generally decreased, and the annual growth rate was - 1.4%. The IC design instry was also affected by the slow growth of domestic market demand, in part e to the efforts of key enterprises in technology upgrading and proct innovation, and the impact of weak market demand. The annual growth rate remained positive, at 4.2%, Higher than the overall growth of domestic IC instry. Figure 5< The basic structure of China's IC instry 52008
sixth, the development of IC technology, the development of IC technology, the continuous improvement of technological innovation ability, and the continuous narrowing of the gap with foreign advanced level. From the beginning of reform and opening up, the 12 inch proction line of IC manufacturing process has been developed to promote deep submicron packaging and testing. Many processing moles have been transformed from low-end to R & D, and the advanced processing technology has reached 100 nm. At the high end, remarkable achievements have been made in the development and proction of SOP, PGA, BGA, FC, CSP, SIP and other advanced packaging forms
the level of IC design has been greatly improved. The proportion of enterprises with design capacity less than or equal to 0.5 μ m has exceeded 60%, and a large proportion of enterprises with design capacity of 0.18 μ M, The design level of the enterprise has reached the domestic advanced level of 100 nm. The proportion of domestic IC design companies with a design capacity of more than one million has risen to more than 20%, with the largest design capacity of more than 500000. A considerable number of ICs have been put into mass proction, not only to meet the needs of the domestic market, but also to enter the international market. In a word, the IC instry is the core strategy of the instry. In the information instry and modern manufacturing instry, it has become the top priority of the information instry. In some countries, the development of China's IC instry will encourage a better development environment in 2011. With the support of the national government, the new support policies will be implemented as soon as possible to support the increase of research and development funds in the domestic market, China's IC instry will continue to develop rapidly in a broader space, and its share in the global market will further increase
appendix: the development of China's IC instry memorabilia (excerpted from the network) the development of China's IC instry memorabilia (excerpted from the network) in 1947, the transistor was invented at Bell Laboratories in the United States. In 1956, China put forward the "March" of science, semiconctor technology, one of the four national emergency measures. In 1957, the Beijing electron tube factory proced germanium crystals by recing germanium oxide. Xi Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,

9. The world pattern is the overall structure of the relations between big powers. Although today's international politics can no longer be simply summed up as power politics, the influence of power relations is still very important. Looking back on the development of the situation in the past year, we can see that the world pattern has shown obvious changes. On the one hand, the ability of the United States to control world affairs has been weakened e to the Iraq war, the Afghanistan war and the financial crisis; On the other hand, the G20 has replaced the G8 as the main forum for the world economy, indicating that the status and influence of emerging powers have increased significantly. In this structural change, China's status is prominent, and the ups and downs of Sino US relations constitute a main line in the relations between major powers< (1) the structural change of the relations between big powers usually takes a long time. Two important facts are the basic basis for judging the annual situation. One is the introction of the new U.S.
national security strategy, which shows that the United States has realized that it is impossible to control world affairs only by its own power, and must reevaluate its own power and the way it uses it. The other is that the G20 has replaced the G8 as the main dialogue mechanism of the world economy. This important transition shows that the influence of emerging powers and Western powers on the world stage has shown a trend of ebb and flow
from the perspective of power politics, although the United States has maintained its status as the only superpower since the end of the cold war, its ability to dominate world affairs is on the decline“ After the "9.11" incident, the quagmire of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq made the us unable to implement its foreign policy. However, the financial crisis in 2008 further weakened the status of the US. In this case, the United States has to adjust its foreign strategy. The "national security strategy" report issued in 2010 stressed that diplomacy will be taken as a strategic focus, and diplomatic contacts, economic policies and military forces will be combined, while war is only the last resort. This adjustment reflects the contraction of US strategic power. In August 2010, the United States ended its combat operations in Iraq, recing the number of US troops in Iraq from 144000 in 2009 to 50000; At the same time, the strategic focus has shifted eastward and the number of US troops in Afghanistan has increased to 100000. Through such adjustment, the United States tries to achieve the goal of complete withdrawal from Iraq and partial withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2011
judging from the foreign policy behavior of the United States in the past year, although it has not given up its tough side, its military spending has continued to increase substantially, and its military activities are extremely active all over the world, as long as it can not get rid of the quagmire of the two wars and the financial crisis, and can not find an effective solution to the nuclear problems of Iran and North Korea, fundamental progress can not be made in anti-terrorism, If it can't play a leading role in solving global problems such as climate change, it can't change the situation that it can't control world affairs as well as it wants. This constitutes a basic fact of the annual changes in major country relations
from the perspective of the evolution of international mechanism, the G20's status became prominent in 2010, officially replacing the G8, which constitutes another important fact of the change of the interaction structure of major powers. Since the 1970s, G7 and later G8, as the forum of world economy and politics, have been the club of great power diplomacy. Since the beginning of the new century, with the changes of the situation, especially the rise of emerging powers and the emergence of various global problems, it is of little significance to solve the problems of today's world only by holding meetings in a small circle of Western powers. The financial crisis in 2008 marks the end of the world economic era dominated by a single "rich club". In contrast to the crisis in the United States and Europe, the emerging economies represented by the "BRICs" have come to the forefront of the world economy and become the driving force of world economic development. This change in the pattern promotes more new forces to participate in the formulation of the "rules of the game". The rise of G20 status shows that emerging countries have gained the right to speak at the "main table", reflecting the changes of global international relations and power structure
the prominence of G20 status and the enhancement of the role of emerging powers give people a new picture of power politics. Looking at the members of this group, we can see that as a more representative group, their weight determines that this institutionalized platform has the form and essence of real power politics
according to statistics, the GDP of G20 accounts for 85% of the world, trade accounts for 80% (including intra EU trade), and population accounts for two thirds[ 2] Although there is a big gap in strength among G20 members, they are among the leading economies in more than 190 countries in the world, and they all have outstanding regional influence
according to the statistical ranking, the G20 includes the top 8 countries in terms of territory, the top 14 countries in terms of military expenditure (SIPRI in 2009) and the top 12 countries in terms of oil consumption. According to IMF data, the nominal GDP of all G20 members ranks among the top 32 in the world, [3] and in PPP terms, they rank among the top 24 in the world[ 4] China, India, the United States, Indonesia and Brazil are the top five countries in the world[ 5] China, Germany, the United States and Japan are the top four countries in the world[ 6] Saudi Arabia and Canada are the top two oil reserves countries. Saudi Arabia, Russia and the United States are the top three countries in oil proction. G8 plus China, India, Brazil and Mexico are the top 20 countries in the IMF for voting rights. Judging from these figures, the G20 is indeed a big power club. Although it may be controversial for some countries to be called "big powers" in terms of concept definition, it should be no problem to call this interactive structure a political platform for big powers. Small countries, as critics, feel this most clearly
Norway, for example, is a critic of the G20. As the largest donor to the world bank and the United Nations development program, Norway, like 170 other countries, has no say in the G20. Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr st & # 248 of Norway; Re) believes that "the G20 is a self appointed group. It may be more representative than the G7 or G8, which is represented only by the richest countries, but it is still arbitrary. We no longer live in the 19th century, when major powers meet and remap the world map. No one needs a new Vienna conference. "[ 7]
comparing the G20 meeting with the Vienna meeting in the 19th century, we can see that although they have the form of great power politics, their essence is not the same. The Vienna conference is a diplomatic form for European powers to compete for power and a proct of power politics. The G20 is a global governance structure, a platform for western developed countries and emerging countries to discuss world affairs, and a proct of international cooperation. This structure shows that the relations between big powers are moving towards a new stage different from the past. Only from the perspective of global governance can we make an appropriate explanation of the current relations between big powers< (2) the relationship between China and the U.S.

corresponds to the structural change of the relationship between major powers, and the relationship between major powers is also changing. Just as the decline in US dominance is remarkable, so is the rise in China's influence. In this situation, the importance and sensitivity of Sino US relations have increased significantly. Over the past year, the interaction between China and the United States has greatly affected the trend of the international situation. On the whole, the strategic dialogue and cooperation between the two sides are outstanding. At the same time, the conflict of power politics between the two sides is becoming more and more acute, thus forming a conflict cooperation structure with a larger range
in 2009, as the first year of the Obama administration, Sino US relations generally showed a good momentum of development. However, at the beginning of 2010, there have been major twists and turns in Sino US relations. The Google incident, arms sales to Taiwan, Obama's meeting with the Dalai Lama, and pressure on the RMB exchange rate have led to an increase in tensions between the two sides, including the interruption of military exchanges. However, the subsequent meeting between the leaders of the two sides, especially the second round of the strategic and economic dialogue between China and the United States, was like a magnificent turn, which also reflected the strong willingness of the two sides to cooperate. However, although the two sides have made remarkable achievements in the economic dialogue, they have not promoted mutual trust in the field of security in the strategic dialogue
after the summer, the distrust on security between the two sides is further intensified. In addition to the confrontation in military diplomacy, the two sides frequently "show their swords" with military exercises, which constitutes the most eye-catching landscape in Sino US relations in 2010. During this period, the United States, together with South Korea, Japan and other Asia Pacific countries, concted a series of large-scale military exercises and mobilized three nuclear submarines to appear around China at the same time. According to the media, this is equivalent to deploying as many as 462 Tomahawk missiles around China. During this period, China also concted a series of high-profile military exercises. From the perspective of interaction between countries, "Liangjian" is undoubtedly an expression of a tough attitude. The frequent military actions taken by the United States have obvious deterrence and containment intentions against China, and China's response is also a message to the United States that China will defend its national interests with resolute actions
looking back on the interaction between China and the United States over the past year, we can see that the two aspects of conflict and cooperation are very clear. Although the relationship between the two countries has been like this for decades, these two aspects are highlighted: the cooperation embodied in the second round of economic and strategic dialogue is unprecedented, and the sword in the military interaction is also unprecedented. Therefore, this situation can be explained from the perspective of structure, because the al motivation that determines the relationship between the two countries has been strengthened
first of all, the interdependence between China and the United States is deepening, while the financial crisis has further linked the interests of both sides. In the fourth quarter of 2009, US exports to China exceeded US $20 billion for the first time. In the first five months of 2010, US exports to China increased by 39%. This shows that the economic interaction between the United States and China is crucial to the U.S. economy. The tangled financial interests between China and the United States, especially the huge US dollar bonds held by China, make the two sides form a so-called "balance of financial terror". In addition to economic relations, the two countries also have interdependent relations on global issues such as climate change, nuclear non-proliferation and counter-terrorism. China's status as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and a nuclear power, China's pivotal geopolitical status in East Asia, China's unique diplomatic influence as the largest developing country, and China's status as a major greenhouse gas emitter all determine that the United States must cooperate with China in solving these most urgent international problems. This interdependence also constitutes the structural foundation of Sino US relations
of course, the enhancement of China's national strength has also led to another structural problem, that is, the tension in the power political relationship between the United States and China. In 2010, China's GDP will surpass that of Japan and become the second largest economy in the world, which shows that China's weight has reached a new level. Corresponding to China's development, China's interests are bound to expand. With the global expansion of China's economic activities, China's need to protect its own security interests has also expanded. In recent years, with the enhancement of China's military strength, China has increasingly shown its determination to further defend its own interests, especially its maritime interests, which will inevitably lead to conflicts with the United States. In 2010, China and the United States did not agree on security

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