Digital currency underwriting
reviewing the financing of EOS, we not only set many records of ICO, but also a significant milestone in the whole history of open market financing. During the 350 day subscription cycle, 200000 people participated in ICO, accumulating 7.2 million ether coins. According to the market price of the day, the total amount reached US $4.3 billion, which is close to the total IPO amount of Google (US $2.7 billion) and twitter (US $2.1 billion). It is the largest ICO in history so far. It's very worthwhile to make a comprehensive summary. I very much hope that what I write can penetrate the surface of the facts, catch the essence hidden behind, and become a part of historical records
EOS's ICO uses Ethereum's smart contract to complete the automatic subscription and allocation of funds. There is no middleman, and there is no role of investment bank and underwriter of traditional securities listing. This is a primary market. The total number of EOS coins is 1 billion, of which 900 million are distributed to subscribers and 100 million are reserved by block.one. All the funds obtained from the subscription belong to block.one company. Meanwhile, according to the subscription agreement, these funds directly become the profits of the company, and there is no other responsibility and obligation relationship with the subscribers, nor the responsibility and obligation to maintain and develop the EOS software and network. The main network of EOS will be launched by the loosely organized technology forum community, The network operation funds are automatically generated by the code rules, and new EOS tokens are issued to pay to the block procer nodes
in the process of ICO, the secondary market (exchange) is fully opened at the same time. After the completion of the subscription in the primary market, the general financing will enter the secondary market for a period of time. However, the financing cycle is as long as 350 days. The obtained Ethereum EOS token can enter the secondary market for circulation on the same day, resulting in a large number of turnover transactions, The prices of the two markets fluctuated simultaneously
after the end of ICO, the total market value of EOS was US $11 billion, ranking fifth in the list of digital currencies. BCH (US $17 billion), which is closer to fourth place, is more than twice as big as ripple (US $24 billion), which is third place. Compared with the total funding of $4.3 billion, according to the popular view of ICO, it is only three times as much
ETF, fully known as "trading type open-end index fund", is a kind of open-end fund listed and traded on the exchange with variable fund shares. Investors can not only apply for or redeem fund shares from fund management companies, but also buy and sell ETF shares at the market price in the exchange. ETF is the bitcoin holder's consignment of bitcoin spot to the fund company, and then the fund company relies on it to publicly issue fund shares in the exchange and sell them to all kinds of investors. In addition, banks and brokers will be responsible for underwriting
in short, bitcoin ETF is to securitize bitcoin into an open-ended fund proct that can be bought on the exchange
the successful application of bitcoin ETF means that:
1. The successful application of bitcoin ETF will first lower the threshold of bitcoin transaction and bring a lot of money to the bitcoin trading market
2. It will accelerate the development of cryptocurrency instry and promote asset custody
3. ETF is equivalent to telling the public that bitcoin has been officially recognized as a legal asset class, changing people's overall view on the regulatory risk of cryptocurrency, which will accelerate the public's acceptance of cryptocurrency represented by bitcoin
the launch of any ETF proct will naturally stimulate its underlying proct market, because on the one hand, the underlying proct is most suitable for hedging ETF price fluctuations, and on the other hand, ETF purchase and redemption will inevitably involve buying and selling entity bitcoin. If the 15th application is passed, it will be a healthy development. In the next step, there will be more demand for derivatives, such as ETF options
in China, there are as many as 25 types of financial licenses, mainly including: Bank, insurance, securities company, fund, trust, third-party payment, credit reference, etc., which are approved by the central bank, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and other institutions< The main business of the third party payment is: online payment, issuance and acceptance of prepaid cards, and payment service Bank card acquiring
main laws:
(1) administrative measures for payment services of non-financial institutions (order [2010] No.2 of the people's Bank of China)
(2) detailed rules for the implementation of administrative measures for payment services of non-financial institutions (announcement [2010] No.17 of the people's Bank of China)
2. Credit investigation
main business: credit investigation
main laws:
(1) people's Bank of China Law of the people's Bank of China of the people's Republic of China (2) Company Law of the people's Republic of China (3) Regulations on the administration of credit reference instry (4) measures for the administration of credit reference institutions (order of the people's Bank of China, 2013) No.1 Credit and other business
main laws:
(1) law of the people's Republic of China on commercial banks
(2) measures for the implementation of administrative licensing matters of Chinese funded commercial banks
4. Trust (suspension of issuance)
main business: all kinds of trust business The main laws are as follows:
(1) measures for the administration of trust companies (CBRC order [2007] No. 2)
(2) measures for the implementation of administrative licensing matters of non bank financial institutions of China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC order 2015 No. 6)
(3) measures for the administration of trust companies (CBRC order [2007] No. 2)
(2) measures for the implementation of administrative licensing matters of non bank financial institutions of China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC order 2015) No Measures for the implementation of administrative licensing matters of trust companies (Order No. 5 of China Banking Regulatory Commission, 2015)
revision / modification: the original measures for the implementation of administrative licensing matters of non bank financial institutions of China Banking Regulatory Commission (Order No. 13 of China Banking Regulatory Commission, 2007) shall be abolished as of June 15, 2015
5. Financial leasing
main business: financial leasing, inter-bank lending, borrowing from financial institutions Main laws:
(1) measures for the administration of financial leasing companies (CBRC Order No. 3, 2014)
amendment / modification: the original measures for the administration of financial leasing companies (CBRC Order No. 1, 2007) was abolished on March 13, 2014
6. Money brokerage
main business: promoting derivatives trading Bond trading and other brokerage services
main laws:
(1) measures for the implementation of administrative licensing matters of non banking financial institutions of China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC Order No. 6, 2015)
amendment / modification: the original measures for the implementation of administrative licensing matters of non banking financial institutions of China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC Order No. 13, 2007) Repeal< Main business of loan companies: various loans, settlement under loans, bill discount
main laws:
(1) Regulations on the administration of loan companies (No.76 [2009] of the people's Republic of China Banking Regulatory Commission)
revision: the Interim Regulations on the Administration of loan companies (No.6 [2009] of the people's Republic of China Banking Regulatory Commission) has been abolished since August 11, 2009< Main business of consumer finance: issuing loans for the purpose of consumption. Main laws: (1) law of the people's Republic of China on banking supervision and administration; (2) Company Law of the people's Republic of China; (3) measures for the pilot administration of consumer finance companies (order No.2 of China Banking Regulatory Commission, 2013)
amendment / modification: the original Consumer Finance Corporation The measures for the administration of pilot projects of the Department of Finance and instry (Order No. 3 of 2009 of CBRC) shall be abolished as of January 1, 2014< Main business: financial management services
main laws:
(1) measures for the administration of financial companies of enterprise groups (Amendment) (order No.8 of 2006 of China Banking Regulatory Commission)
approval by China Securities Regulatory Commission
10. Securities companies
main business: securities underwriting and recommendation, brokerage, self-management, direct investment, securities investment activities, securities trading, securities trading and so on Securities asset management and margin trading and other major laws:
(1) securities law
(2) Regulations on the supervision and administration of securities companies (revised in 2014)
amendment / modification: on March 8, 2017, the fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress held the second plenary session, which indicated that the securities law would be amended this year
11. Public funds
main business: public funds Main laws on institutional business:
(1) law of the people's Republic of China on securities investment funds (revised in 2015)
(2) measures for the administration of securities investment fund management companies (Order No. 84 of the CSRC on September 20, 2012)
(3) Interim Provisions on the administration of public offering securities investment funds by asset management institutions (announcement [2013] No. 10 of the China Securities Regulatory Commission)
Amendment: the original measures for the administration of securities investment fund management companies (Order No. 22 of the CSRC) shall be abolished as of November 1, 2012
12. Futures
main business: futures business
main laws:
(1) Regulations on the administration of futures trading
(2) measures for the administration of futures companies (Order No. 110 of China Securities Regulatory Commission)
amendment / modification: since October 29, 2014, The following three regulations are repealed: the measures for the administration of futures companies (Order No. 43 of CSRC) issued on April 9, 2007, the provisions on the administration of futures business departments (Trial Implementation) issued on November 3, 2011, and the provisions on issues related to the change of registered capital or equity of futures companies (Announcement No. 11 of CSRC) issued on May 10, 2012<
13. Fund sales
main business: selling fund shares, handling fund share subscription, redemption, etc.
main laws:
(1) measures for the administration of sales of securities investment funds (Order No. 91 of China Securities Regulatory Commission)
amendment / modification: Measures for the administration of sales of securities investment funds (Order No. 72 of China Securities Regulatory Commission) shall be abolished on June 1, 2013
14. Fund sales payment
main business: Monetary Fund Transfer Service
main laws:
(1) measures for the administration of sales of securities investment funds (Order No. 91 of China Securities Regulatory Commission)
amendment / modification: Measures for the Administration of sales of securities investment funds (Order No. 72 of China Securities Regulatory Commission) shall be abolished on June 1, 2013
15. Fund subsidiaries
main business: asset management for specific clients, asset management for specific clients, and Main laws on fund sales:
(1) Pilot Measures for asset management business of specific clients of fund management companies
(2) measures for the administration of sales of securities investment funds (Order No. 91 of China Securities Regulatory Commission)
amendment / modification: Measures for the Administration of sales of securities investment funds (Order No. 72 of China Securities Regulatory Commission) shall be abolished on June 1, 2013<
16. Professional subsidiaries of securities companies
main business: single or multiple securities businesses
main laws:
(1) Trial Provisions on the establishment of subsidiaries by securities companies (announcement of China Securities Regulatory Commission [2012] No. 27)
(2) securities law of the people's Republic of China
17. Asset management of securities companies
main business: collective investment of customer assets, Or special investment in client assets
main laws:
(1) measures for the administration of client asset management business of securities companies (Order No. 93 of China Securities Regulatory Commission)
(2) Regulations on the administration of securities companies (revised in 2014)
(3) detailed rules for the implementation of collective asset management business of securities companies (Order No. 93 of China Securities Regulatory Commission) The following two laws and regulations are repealed: the measures for the administration of customer asset management business of securities companies (Order No. 87 of the CSRC) promulgated on October 18, 2012, and the detailed rules for the implementation of collective asset management business of securities companies (Notice No. 29 of the CSRC) promulgated by the CSRC on October 18, 2012<
18. Equity crowdfunding
main business: equity financing
main laws:
(1) measures for the administration of private equity crowdfunding financing (Trial) (Draft for comments)
(2) securities law
(3) company law of the people's Republic of China
(4) opinions on further promoting the healthy development of capital market (GF [2014] No. 17)
revision / amendment Situation: the measures for the administration of private equity crowdfunding financing has not been released
CIRC approval
19. Insurance
main business: property insurance, life insurance, universal insurance; Major laws at home and abroad: Insurance Law of the people's Republic of China (revised in 2015)
20 Insurance brokerage
main business: insurance intermediary service
main law: Insurance Law of the people's Republic of China
approval by other authorities
21. Small loan company
approval authority: provincial financial office
main business: non mortgage loan, mortgage loan, mortgage loan, etc The main laws are as follows:
(1) guiding opinions on the pilot of small loan companies (No.23 [2008] of China Banking Regulatory Commission)
(2) measures for the administration of small loan companies (Draft for comments)
22. Financing guarantee
approval authority: provincial financial office
main business: loan guarantee L / C guarantee, etc.
main laws:
(1) Interim Measures for the administration of financing guarantee companies (Order No. 3, 2010, issued by seven ministries and commissions including CBRC)
23. Financial leasing
examination and approval authority: Ministry of commerce
main business: foreign investment financial leasing Domestic financial leasing
main laws:
(1) measures for the supervision and administration of financial leasing enterprises (Shang Liu Tong Fa [2013] No. 337)
(2) Notice on issues related to engaging in financial leasing business (Shang Jian Fa [2004] No. 560)
(3) measures for the administration of foreign investment leasing instry (2015 Amendment)
revision / modification: at the beginning of 2016, The Ministry of Commerce launched the revision of the measures for the supervision and administration of financial leasing enterprises< Commercial factoring
24. Approval authority: Ministry of Commerce
main business: accounts receivable financing, management, collection, repayment guarantee
main laws:
(1) contract law
(2) Company Law
(3) property law
(4) measures for the administration of commercial factoring enterprises (Trial) (Draft for comments)
(5) laws on foreign investment Administrative regulations
25. Pawnbroking Business
approval authority: Ministry of Commerce
main business: Pawnbroking Business
main laws:
(1) measures for the administration of pawnbroking (Decree No. 8 of 2005 of Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of public security)
(2) Regulations on the supervision of pawnbroking instry (Shang Liu Tong Fa [2012] No. 423)
1. It's not so easy for you to get into the large-scale processing and manufacturing enterprises.. It's always OK to be a secondary and tertiary supplier of a large enterprise.. I don't have to tell you how to get in
2. Self reliance and independent development.. Find some simple finished procts to do, directly facing the market.. But your equipment is too single, I don't know if there is boring machine, grinder or even machining center..
then, import the private key to open the wallet
then click transfer and enter the address to transfer.
especially for the application of mos moss Council, mos moss Council issues the token Dao, and moss Council proposes a new transaction structure of "entrusted underwriting" token for the first time. There are three important user types in MOS entrusted underwriting structure,
the three transaction roles are token issuer, core underwriting node and sub underwriting node
the token issuer only needs to publish the token information to the mos platform, and does not need to worry about the sale of the project token. The token is sold by the highly influential core underwriting node which has passed the assessment. The sub underwriting node, that is, the investor, is helped by the professional investment ability of the core underwriting node, so it is not necessary to worry about the project party's running in the project selection, Such factors as breach of contract and lock in cause huge property losses. Therefore, for the issuer of the token, the "entrusted underwriting mechanism" can put all the energy into the promotion of the project value and make the project grow rapidly; For the core underwriting node, in the process of selling tokens, it can not only expand its own brand influence, but also enjoy the reward of the mechanism; For the sub underwriting node, that is, investors, can quickly identify high-quality projects, and greatly rece the investment risk, realize the return on investment
mos moss Council not only innovates the token issuing mode, but also guarantees the interests of investors in this mode. Moreover, the value and circulation of tokens are determined according to the number of investors and the influence of consensus, so as to form a deflationary economic model and ensure the long-term value of tokens
in a word, the innovative token issuing mechanism of MOS project can make the project run quickly, realize the long-term stable development of the project, and avoid the phenomenon that the life cycle of the project is short and the investors can not achieve stable profits e to the unreasonable operation mode in the instry.
_ Business is proof_ Certificates of companies and investment banks_ Agency, is a certain qualification certificate_ Professional service institutions for circulation, IPO, evaluation and sales.