What is the meaning of digital currency included in civil law
It's illegal
the central bank indicated that it has not issued legal digital currency, nor authorized any institutions and enterprises to issue legal digital currency, and there is no promotion team. At present, the so-called "digital currency" in the market is not legal digital currency
In addition, the so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud 
extended information:
virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. This kind of virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. Digital currency can be used for real goods and services transactions, but only the digital currency issued by the state is legal digital currency
in 2013, the central bank, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on prevention of bitcoin risks, which clearly defined non legal digital currencies such as bitcoin as virtual commodities, which do not exist in the form of currency and legal currency
In China, digital currency is illegal. According to the regulations, financial institutions and non bank payment institutions shall not directly or indirectly provide procts or services such as account opening, registration, trading, clearing and settlement for token issuance financing and "virtual currency"
it is not allowed to underwrite insurance business related to token and "virtual currency" or include token and "virtual currency" in insurance liability. Financial institutions and non bank payment institutions shall report to the relevant departments in a timely manner if they find clues of violation of laws and regulations in token issuance financing transactions
extended information:
since the announcement on preventing the financing risk of token issuance was issued, any so-called token financing trading platform shall not engage in the exchange business between legal tender and token and "virtual currency", and shall not buy or sell tokens or "virtual currency" as a central counter party, It is not allowed to provide pricing, information intermediary and other services for token or "virtual currency"
for the token financing trading platform with illegal problems, the financial management department will request the competent department of telecommunications to close its website platform and mobile app according to law, request the network information department to remove the mobile app from the app store, and request the instrial and commercial administration department to revoke its business license according to law
The Internet of things in China refers to a network concept in which information sensing devices such as GPS, laser scanners, etc. connect any item with the Internet according to the agreed protocol for information exchange and communication, so as to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. The rudiment of the Internet of things is just like the early form of the Internet, local area network, which shows a great prospect
digital currency is abbreviated as digiccy, which is the abbreviation of "digital currency" in English. It is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy. Digital currency is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currency, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, is an electronic currency created, issued and circulated by check sum cryptography
the school enterprise alliance of Internet of things in China defines the Internet of things as the combination of almost all technologies, computers and Internet technologies, realizing the real-time sharing of environment and state information between objects, as well as intelligent collection, transmission, processing and execution. In a broad sense, the application of information technology can be included in the category of Internet of things, which is the most direct embodiment of the integration of science and technology
digital gold currency is a kind of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. The typical unit of measurement for this currency is the Troy gram or troy ounces, although sometimes the golden Dinar is used. Digital gold currency is funded by gold storage without quota or decentralized quota. By January 2006, digital gold currency suppliers held more than 8.6 metric tons of gold as reserves, worth about $154 million
It is included in the general provisions of civil law and protected by law
"general principles of civil law":
Article 127 where there are provisions on the protection of data and network virtual property in law, such provisions shall be followed
as early as 2003, UNESCO clearly put forward in the Charter for the preservation of digital heritage that digital heritage is the unique knowledge and expression of human beings, which includes culture, ecation, science, management information and technology, law, medicine and other information existing in digital form, or converted from the existing similar mode into digital form
it is generally believed that digital heritage can be divided into material and spiritual categories. Material digital heritage refers to directly linked to property, such as Alipay balance, bitcoin and other virtual currencies. The spiritual ones are social accounts, personal files, etc., which are virtual properties formed by users who spend a lot of time and energy. They are not only the spiritual home of users' daily life, but also the spiritual comfort of relatives through inheritance< According to Article 127 of the general provisions of the civil law, "if there are laws on the protection of data and network virtual property, such provisions shall prevail."
in this regard, Chen Kai believes that the general provisions of the civil law have made principled provisions for the protection of virtual property“ When the definition and scope of virtual property have not been fully determined, it may be more appropriate to make provisions in principle. "<
after consulting relevant laws and regulations, the reporter found that the property law, inheritance law and relevant instructions only regulate the tangible property, and the inheritance of intangible property that may be involved in digital heritage can not be found<
Liu Junhai, director of the Institute of commercial law of Renmin University of China, pointed out that at present, China only takes a relatively conservative attitude towards this, affirming that data should be protected by law, but not affirming the independent civil rights to data“ China's current inheritance law only provides for the inheritance of physical property, but does not provide for the inheritance of virtual property on the Internet. As a result, it is difficult to realize the inheritance of digital heritage in essence, which needs to be revised in the future. "
e to the lack of clear legal provisions, at present, the treatment of digital heritage is mainly determined by Internet platform operators. This also lays a hidden danger for disputes
some scholars have proposed that e to the multiple attributes of communication and social accounts, such as personal privacy, user property and personality, the discussion of inheritance behind them needs to be more carefully grasped< Chen Kai pointed out to the reporter that at present, the virtual property written into the will as a legacy has some problems, such as difficult to confirm the ownership, difficult to find and difficult to transfer“ Because the virtual property is scattered in the servers of various operators, and some virtual properties, such as QQ space, are relatively private. "
it is understood that at present, the platform mainly has two ways to deal with the user's Digital Heritage: first, the user only has the right to use the account, while the network service provider has the ownership. At this time, the account cannot be inherited, and the network service provider can choose to close, delete or cancel the user's account; The second is that the user has the ownership, and the digital heritage can be inherited. At this time, the inheritance of digital heritage needs to provide a series of proof materials
in most cases, Internet companies stipulate that the ownership and use right of user accounts are separated. For example, Sina Weibo, Tencent QQ and other user service use agreements stipulate that if the user does not actually use the service within a period of time after applying for the service, the operator has the right to choose to recycle the user's nickname, account number or stop the service within the scope permitted by laws and regulations<
Liu Junhai believes that there are two aspects to deal with digital heritage: first, the platform should plan the rules of Digital Heritage Inheritance in detail, and make clear the process of inheritors inheriting digital heritage. When a successor appears, the platform has the obligation to assist the successor to inherit the digital heritage according to law. When dealing with digital heritage, the platform should fulfill the obligations of notice, disclosure, assistance and confidentiality, which are also the basic legal requirements to be followed when dealing with digital heritage. Secondly, in terms of legislation, it is suggested that the legislature should take the issue of digital heritage into consideration when amending relevant laws.
Guangxi longyingtianxia has been confirmed to be suspected of pyramid selling and is under investigation
the main company of longying world is Guangxi longying marketing planning Co., Ltd., which has been listed in the list of abnormal operation for failing to submit annual report information and publicizing enterprise information, concealing the true situation and practicing fraud, and has been subject to administrative punishment for violating tax management regulations
the following are part of the "blacklist":
214, xinlianhe (far away)
215, qianoo advertising machine (far away)
216, Mingchen International (running away)
217, yinshangbao (far away)
218, Yinhe blockchain (far away)
219, Shaanxi hongshaan Valley (running away)
220, Shaanxi Hongguo (running away)
221, Shaanxi Xi'an gangrong Technology (running away)
222 Longxi group (far away)
223, longyingtianxia (abnormal platform)
224, Jimei Baijia (restart and renamed)
225, Xuexiang Tesco (cash withdrawal difficulty)
according to the investigation of China Youth Daily · Zhongqing online reporter, the "two barrels of oil" and "Li Gui" in Zhejiang market are not as simple as a rumor refuting announcement. A company in Guangdong also organized an attack on "China oil card" on social media
"in the past, when Shanzhai gas cards were overturned in other areas, we felt that they were far away. This time, the" Zhongyou card "went straight to Yongtaiwen area in Zhejiang Province, making people feel more nervous than ever before." Jiang Zhiyong, director of the gas station management department of PetroChina Zhejiang sales company, said with the publicity materials distributed at the news conference of the Wenzhou Branch of "China Petroleum card"
in the business hall of Sinopec Cixi gas station, a man told a woman that after running Sinopec gas card, he could download an app on his mobile phone, register and bind the gas card, and get 4000 yuan discount by recharging 15000 yuan through the app. The staff of the business hall reminded the lady not to believe in such preferential activities
claims that it is a large-scale comprehensive wealth platform based on Internet plus energy and employment, and its members are both consumers and market promoters, thus achieving mass employment and entrepreneurship. Ordinary consumers who download the "Zhongyou card" app on their mobile phones must input their mobile phone number, verification code, and the name and mobile phone number of the previous introcer. They can only register and log in after strict audit
"'petrochina card 'does not issue cards at all, nor is it based on Sinopec's platform and system operation. Instead, it parasitizes its business model on Sinopec and other regular gas cards, and in addition, it pulls a group of people and develops a system to expand everywhere." Relevant personnel of Sinopec Zhejiang oil company's Publicity Office said that its essence is to let Sinopec and PetroChina "carry the black pot"
the relevant business departments of Sinopec and PetroChina Zhejiang company said that it was "impossible" for the "CNPC card" to promise the high return of recharging its members. According to the sales revenue and cost data of gasoline and diesel provided by the company, taking the air recharge of 15000 yuan for 4000 yuan package as an example, 15000 yuan can add more than 2400 liters of gasoline
"two barrels of oil" business department related staff pointed out that Shanzhai gas cards often take the money from home to make up for the price difference, drum style continues to develop new members. What's more, when members reach a certain scale and amount of capital, they can make up the capital gap with the return of investment in other fields, in which the potential legal risk and capital risk are very large
in recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet and social media, all kinds of fake gas cards come out in a variety of ways, and become "little strong" repeatedly. In 2012, the company launched a PC version of its official website, and some Internet experts imitated the webpage and linked to "phishing" websites to defraud customers of their top up money
WeChat official account, some people registered "petro technology" and "micro refueling" for their lives. They announced that they would get "Sinopec" thanks to the message that they could get the 200 yuan Sinopec fuel card free. Within a short time, the news was wildly forwarded in the circle of friends, and Sinopec Ningbo Branch's gas card customer service hotline constantly received calls from customers to inquire about and verify the problems such as the return of pre charging fees to cash
then, a "China Petroleum Reserve" card suddenly appeared in Zhejiang, claiming that as long as customers fill up gas at Sinopec and PetroChina gas stations, issue invoices, take photos and upload them to the app platform, they will rebate according to the preferential amount“ The "zhongchu oil" card didn't run for long before it went out of business. Now Zhejiang has another "Zhongyou card"
"the most important thing is that the cost of breaking the law is low and it is difficult to crack down on."“ "Two barrels of oil" related staff said that even if Sinopec and PetroChina outlets monitored the market for fake gas cards, they would at most issue a public statement, or even be unable to report the case to the police. Because "the one who is injured will report", Sinopec and PetroChina are not direct victims and cannot report to the police
recently, Sinopec and PetroChina informed Taizhou market supervision and Administration Bureau of the suspected false publicity and other relevant information about the opening of "PetroChina card" in Taizhou. After on-site investigation and evidence collection, the law enforcement officers of the Bureau ordered them to rectify the behaviors beyond the scope of business license. However, a person concerned told China Youth Daily · Zhongqing online that "the business of" Zhongyou card "in developing members' air recharge has not stopped because of this."